87 research outputs found
Optical and radio properties of extragalactic radio sources with recurrent jet activity
We present a sample of 74 radio sources with recurrent jet activity. The
sample consists of 67 galaxies, 2 quasars and 5 unidentified sources, selected
from the published data or are newly recognized. The sample's redshift range is
0.002 < z < 0.7 and the size of inner and outer structures varies from 0.02 to
4248 kpc. We analyse the optical and radio properties of the sample and compare
them with the characteristics of ordinary one-off FRII radio sources. With the
help of stellar population modelling, we derive black hole masses and stellar
masses of host galaxies of 35 restarting radio sources, finding that the black
hole masses in restarting radio sources are comparable to those of typical
single-cycle FRII radio sources. The obtained median values of log M are
8.58 and 8.62 M Unlike the black hole masses, the stellar masses in
restarting radio sources tend to be smaller than in the FRII sources. Although
the stellar populations of the hosts of recurrent activity sources are
dominated by old stars, a significant fraction of young stars can be observed
as well. Based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric observations, we
also analyse the morphology of the host galaxies and obtained significantly
smaller concentration indices for the restarting radio sources when compared to
the classical FRII hosts. This effect can be interpreted as a result of
frequent merger events in the history of host galaxies of restarting radio
sources.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figure
The magnetic fields of large Virgo cluster spirals: Paper II
The Virgo cluster of galaxies provides excellent conditions for studying
interactions of galaxies with the cluster environment. Both the high-velocity
tidal interactions and effects of ram pressure stripping by the intracluster
gas can be investigated in detail. We extend our systematic search for possible
anomalies in the magnetic field structures of Virgo cluster spirals in order to
characterize a variety of effects and attribute them to different disturbing
agents. Six angularly large Virgo cluster spiral galaxies (NGC4192, NGC4302,
NGC4303, NGC4321, NGC4388, and NGC4535) were targets of a sensitive total power
and polarization study using the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg at 4.85GHz
and 8.35GHz (except for NGC4388 observed only at 4.85GHz, and NGC4535 observed
only at 8.35GHz). Magnetic field structures distorted to various extent are
found in all galaxies. Three galaxies (NGC4302, NGC4303, and NGC4321) show some
signs of possible tidal interactions, while NGC4388 and NGC4535 have very
likely experienced strong ram-pressure and shearing effects, respectively,
visible as distortions and asymmetries of polarized intensity distributions. As
in our previous study, even strongly perturbed galaxies closely follow the
radio-far-infrared correlation. In NGC4303 and NGC4321, we observe symmetric
spiral patterns of the magnetic field and in NGC4535 an asymmetric pattern.
Magnetic fields allow us to trace even weak interactions that are difficult to
detect with other observations. Our results show that the degree of distortions
of a galaxy is not a simple function of the distance to the cluster center but
reflects also the history of its interactions. The angle between the velocity
vector and the rotation vector of a galaxy may be a general parameter that
describes the level of distortions of galactic magnetic fields.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
Hot gas and magnetic arms of NGC 6946 : indications for reconnection heating?
Context. The grand-design face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 is remarkable because of its high star formation activity, the massive northern spiral arm, and the magnetic arms, which are observed in polarized radio synchrotron emission and are located between the optical arms and possibly are magnetic reconnection regions. Aims. We used electron densities and temperatures in star-forming (active) and less active regions and compared them to findings from the analysis of the radio data to study the energy budget of NGC 6946. The hot gas above the magnetic arms between the optical arms might suggest gas heating by reconnection. We also study the population of point sources in NGC 6946, including the origin of the puzzling ultra-luminous emission complex MF16. Methods. X-ray observations of NGC 6946 performed with XMM-Newton were used to study the emission from X-ray point sources and diffuse hot gas, including the magnetic arms and the halo. Spectral fitting of the diffuse X-ray emission allowed us to derive temperatures of the hot gas. With assumptions about the emission volume, this allowed us to estimate gas densities, masses, and cooling times. Results. To explain the X-ray emission from the spiral arms of NGC 6946 two-temperature plasma models are needed to account for the disk and halo emission. The interarm regions show only one thermal component. We observe that the temperature of the hot gas in and above the magnetic arm regions increases slightly when compared to the average temperatures in the areas in and above the spiral arms. For the southwestern part of the disk, which is depolarized in the radio range by Faraday rotation, we find more efficient mixing of disk and halo gas. Conclusions. We propose magnetic reconnection in the magnetic arm regions of NGC 6946 as the possible cause of the additional heating of the gas and ordering of the magnetic fields. In the southwestern part of the galactic disk we observed indications of a possible faster outflow of the hot gas. A very hot gas within the MF 16 nebula possibly suggests shock heating by a supernova explosion
Multifrequency analysis of the radio emission from a post-merger galaxy CGCG 292-057
Galaxies exhibiting a specific large-scale extended radio emission, such as
X-shaped radio galaxies, belong to a rare class of winged radio galaxies. The
morphological evolution of these radio sources is explained using several
theoretical models, including galaxy mergers. However, such a direct link
between a perturbed radio morphology and a galaxy merger remains
observationally sparse. Here we investigate a unique radio galaxy J1159+5820,
whose host CGCG 292-057 displays the optical signature of a post-merger system
with a distinct tidal tail feature, and an X-shaped radio morphology
accompanied by an additional pair of inner lobes. We observed the target on a
wide range of radio frequencies ranging from 147 MHz to 4959 MHz, using
dedicated GMRT and VLA observations, and supplemented it with publicly
available survey data for broadband radio analysis. Particle injection models
were fitted to radio spectra of lobes and different parts of the wings.
Spectral ageing analysis performed on the lobes and the wings favors a fast jet
realignment model with a reorientation timescale of a few million years. We
present our results and discuss the possible mechanisms for the formation of
the radio morphology.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA
Tangible and intangible heritage of Central Europe in the practices of the International Cultural Center in Cracow
Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury w Krakowie to instytucja, która od lat
działa na rzecz popularyzacji i ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego Europy
Środkowej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest pokazanie specyfiki tej instytucji oraz ukazanie różnorodności działań podejmowanych przez MCK: od
wystaw, przez działania edukacyjne w postaci prelekcji i warsztatów, po konferencje i publikacje (o charakterze popularyzatorskim i naukowym).
Zestawiając te działania, w których MCK pokazuje zarówno twórczość
konkretnych artystów, jak i przybliża historię oraz dziedzictwo poszczególnych narodów, a wreszcie sięga do idei i fenomenów (takich jak Kresy czy
mit Galicji), które są istotnym elementem kulturowej spuścizny Europy
Środkowej, ukazuję, że działania te wpisują się w humanistyczne myślenie
o dziedzictwie kulturowym. Pokazuję też korelację między tematyką organizowanych wystaw i innych wydarzeń a miejscem, czyli miastem, w którym
działa MCK. Wszystkie te przykłady potwierdzają, że MCK, jako autorski
projekt, jest nowoczesną instytucją o interdyscyplinarnym podejściu i charakterze. Pełni ono funkcję zarówno muzeum, jak i placówki edukacyjno-naukowej oraz dyplomatycznej - dbając (w myśl polityki "soft power") o budowanie dobrosąsiedzkich relacji między Polską i innymi państwami z tej części
kontynentu.
Prezentowane praktyki są potwierdzeniem realizacji misji MCK, którą
jest kształtowanie i propagowanie nowego podejścia do europejskiego dziedzictwa: z jednej strony akcentującego kwestie tożsamości, tradycji i rodzimości poszczególnych kultur, z drugiej - otwartego na dialog międzykulturowy,
będący istotnym wyzwaniem i znakiem współczesności.Tangible and Intangible Heritage of Central Europe in the Practices
of the International Cultural Center in Cracow
The International Cultural Center in Cracow is an institution that has been
working for years to popularize and protect the cultural heritage of Central
Europe. The purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of this institution and to demonstrate the variety of activities undertaken by the ICC:
from exhibitions, through educational activities in the form of lectures and
workshops, to conferences and publications (of a popularizing and scientific
nature).
By juxtaposing these activities, in which the ICC showcases both the work
of specific artists and brings the history and heritage of individual nations
closer, and finally reaches out to ideas and phenomena (such as the Borderlands or the myth of Galicia) that are an important element of the cultural
legacy of Central Europe, I show that these activities are part of humanistic thinking about cultural heritage. I also show the correlation between the
themes of the exhibitions and other events organized and the place, i.e., the
city with which the ICC works. All these examples show that the Center, as
an original project, is a modern institution with an interdisciplinary approach
and character. It performs the role of both a museum and an educational and
scientific institution, as well as a diplomatic one - taking care (in accordance
with the "soft power" policy) of building good neighborly relations between
Poland and other countries from this part of the continent.
The presented practices are a confirmation of the realization of the ICC's
mission, which is to shape and promote a new approach to European heritage:
on the one hand emphasizing the issues of identity, tradition and indigenousness of individual cultures, on the other hand, open to intercultural dialogue,
which is an important challenge and a sign of contemporarity
Dialog about the modern identity of Polish Jews : around the postmemory narrations in documentary by Mikołaj Grynberg The Proof of Identity
Film dokumentalny Dowód tożsamości z 2021 r. był debiutem reżyserskim Mikołaja Grynberga. W filmie tym reżyser stara się przedstawić wyjątkowe doświadczenie bycia polskim Żydem, jednocześnie badając zawiłą naturę esencjalnie podwójnej (polsko-żydowskiej lub żydowsko-polskiej) tożsamości. Celem tego artykułu jest wyjaśnienie ram zastosowanych zarówno przez reżysera, jak i jego bohaterów w opowiadaniu o poszukiwaniu dowodu tożsamości, co pociąga za sobą pogodzenie się z osobistą (i rodzinną) pamięcią. Artykuł zagłębia się w "konflikty" i "negocjacje", które pojawiają się w rozważaniach badanych osób na temat tożsamości w kontekście postpamięci. Kluczowe dla filmu jest fundamentalne pytanie reżysera: Co to znaczy być Żydem w dzisiejszej Polsce? Integralnym aspektem tych rozważań jest analiza faktu, że autor, znany przede wszystkim jako pisarz, wybrał formę dokumentu, którego szczególnym rodzajem jest wywiad.The 2021 documentary The Proof of Identity marked the directorial debut of Mikołaj Grynberg. In this film, the director attempts to depict the unique experience of being a Polish Jew, while also exploring the intricate nature of an essentially dual (Polish-Jewish or Jewish-Polish) identity. The aim of this article is to elucidate the framework employed by both the director and his characters in recounting their search for a proof of identity, which entails coming to terms with personal (and familial) memory. The article delves into the "conflicts" and "negotiations" that arise in the interviewed individuals' considerations of identity within the context of postmemory. Central to the film is the director's fundamental question: What does it mean to be a Jew in present-time Poland? An integral aspect of these considerations is the examination of the fact that the author, who is primarily known as a writer, chose the form of documentary, with the interview as its special type
From disappearance to re-remembrance : post-memory narration about Miedzianka
Miedzianka - a lower Silesian village, earlier: mining town and a leisure-tourist resort, ger. Kupferberg. It is said that it is a ghost-town, which has (almost) diaappeared. Some traces, however, remained - a church, photography or human memories - both from before World War II, of German citizens and after the world war of polish inhabitants. All of them are connected by the traumatic experience that combines post-war resettlement and the destruction of the town. The memory of Miedzianka was not destroyed, though, being passed to next generations. One of the voices of this post-memory can be found in the report by Filip Springer, Miedzianka: Story of Disappearing in 2011. This book quickly became recognised ensuing an increasing interest in the town, its history and fate, making new post-memory narrations to appear, which I describe as "post-memory practice". One of them is Miasto, którego nie było (The City, which didn’t exist). What and how do these books tell us about Miedzianka? In what sense do these alternative but interpenetrating narrations influence the perception of this place, as well as the memory of it? These questions are the basis of the reflections leading to a display of relations between man and his oblivion/memory and the place. The literature, however, or widely art, having the power to preserve memory and therefore to save, allows the showcasing of the transformation of the town: its history, disappearance, and finally transubstantiation into a place of memory, which is created mainly by the second and third generations - heritage depositories
Materialne i niematerialne dziedzictwo Europy Środkowej w praktykach Międzynarodowego Centrum Kultury w Krakowie
The International Cultural Center in Cracow is an institution that has been working for years to popularize and protect the cultural heritage of Central Europe. The purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of this institution and to demonstrate the variety of activities undertaken by the ICC: from exhibitions, through educational activities in the form of lectures and workshops, to conferences and publications (of a popularizing and scientific nature).
By juxtaposing these activities, in which the ICC showcases both the work of specific artists and brings the history and heritage of individual nations closer, and finally reaches out to ideas and phenomena (such as the Borderlands or the myth of Galicia) that are an important element of the cultural legacy of Central Europe, I show that these activities are part of humanistic thinking about cultural heritage. I also show the correlation between the themes of the exhibitions and other events organized and the place, i.e., the city with which the ICC works. All these examples show that the Center, as an original project, is a modern institution with an interdisciplinary approach and character. It performs the role of both a museum and an educational and scientific institution, as well as a diplomatic one – taking care (in accordance with the “soft power” policy) of building good neighborly relations between Poland and other countries from this part of the continent.
The presented practices are a confirmation of the realization of the ICC’s mission, which is to shape and promote a new approach to European heritage: on the one hand emphasizing the issues of identity, tradition and indigenousness of individual cultures, on the other hand, open to intercultural dialogue, which is an important challenge and a sign of contemporarity.Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury w Krakowie to instytucja, która od lat działa na rzecz popularyzacji i ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego Europy Środkowej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest pokazanie specyfiki tej instytucji oraz ukazanie różnorodności działań podejmowanych przez MCK: od wystaw, przez działania edukacyjne w postaci prelekcji i warsztatów, po konferencje i publikacje (o charakterze popularyzatorskim i naukowym).
Zestawiając te działania, w których MCK pokazuje zarówno twórczość konkretnych artystów, jak i przybliża historię oraz dziedzictwo poszczególnych narodów, a wreszcie sięga do idei i fenomenów (takich jak Kresy czy mit Galicji), które są istotnym elementem kulturowej spuścizny Europy Środkowej, ukazuję, że działania te wpisują się w humanistyczne myślenie o dziedzictwie kulturowym. Pokazuję też korelację między tematyką organizowanych wystaw i innych wydarzeń a miejscem, czyli miastem, w którym działa MCK. Wszystkie te przykłady potwierdzają, że MCK, jako autorski projekt, jest nowoczesną instytucją o interdyscyplinarnym podejściu i charakterze. Pełni ono funkcję zarówno muzeum, jak i placówki edukacyjno-naukowej oraz dyplomatycznej – dbając (w myśl polityki „soft power”) o budowanie dobrosąsiedzkich relacji między Polską i innymi państwami z tej części kontynentu.
Prezentowane praktyki są potwierdzeniem realizacji misji MCK, którą jest kształtowanie i propagowanie nowego podejścia do europejskiego dziedzictwa: z jednej strony akcentującego kwestie tożsamości, tradycji i rodzimości poszczególnych kultur, z drugiej – otwartego na dialog międzykulturowy, będący istotnym wyzwaniem i znakiem współczesności
Dynamical analysis of the complex radio structure in 3C 293 : clues on a rapid jet realignment in X-shaped radio galaxies
Context. Radio galaxies classified as X-shaped/winged, are characterised
by two pairs of extended and misaligned lobes, which suggest a rapid realignment of the
jet axis, for which a potential cause (including binary supermassive black holes, a black
hole merger, or a Lense-Thirring precession) is still under debate.
Aims. Here we analyse the complex radio structure of 3C 293 winged
source hosted by the post-merger galaxy UGC 8782, which uniquely displays a significant
asymmetry between the sizes (and therefore the ages) of the two pairs of lobes, indicating
that an episode of jet realignment took place only very recently. This allows us to
tightly constrain the corresponding timescales, and therefore to discriminate between
different models proposed for the formation of X-shaped radio galaxies in general.
Methods. Based on all the available and carefully re-analysed radio data
for 3C 293, we have performed a detailed spectral modelling for the older and younger
lobes in the system, using the existing evolutionary DYNAGE algorithm. In this way we
derived the lobes’ ages and jet energetics, which we then compared to the accretion power
in the source.
Results. We found that the 200 kpc-scale outer lobes of 3C 293 are ~ 60 Myr old and, until very recently,
have been supplied with fresh electrons and magnetic field by the jets, i.e., jet activity
related to the formation of the outer lobes ceased within the last Myr. Meanwhile, the
inner 4 kpc-scale lobes, tilted by ~
40° with respect to the outer ones, are only about ~ 0.3 Myr old. Interestingly, the best
model fits also return identical values of the jet power supplying the outer and the inner
structures. This power, moreover, is of the order of the maximum kinetic luminosity of a
Blandford-Znajek jet for a given black hole mass and accretion rate, but only in the case
of relatively low values of a black hole spin, a ~ 0.2.
Conclusions. The derived jet energetics and timescales, along with the
presence of two optical nuclei in UGC 8782, all provide a strong support to the
Lense-Thirring precession model in which the supermassive black hole spin, and therefore
the jet axis, flips rapidly owing to the interactions with the tilted accretion disk in a
new tidal interaction episode of the merging process. We further speculate that, in
general, X-shape radio morphology forms in post-merger systems that are rich in cold
molecular gas, and only host slowly spinning supermassive black holes
Tidal interaction vs. ram pressure stripping effects as seen in X-rays. Hot gas in group and cluster galaxies
The hot intracluster/intragroup medium (ICM/IGM) and a high galaxy density
can lead to perturbations of the galactic interstellar medium (ISM) due to ram
pressure and/or tidal interaction effects. In radio polarimetry observations,
both phenomena may manifest similar features. X-ray data can help to determine
the real origin of the perturbation. We analyse the distribution and physical
properties of the hot gas in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxies NGC 4254 and NGC
4569, which indicate that the cluster environment has had a significant
influence on their properties. By performing both spatial and spectral analyses
of X-ray data, we try to distinguish between two major phenomena: tidal and ram
pressure interactions. We compare our findings with the case of NGC 2276, in
which a shock was reported, by analysing XMM-Newton X-ray data for this galaxy.
We use archival XMM-Newton observations of NGC 4254, NGC 4569, and NGC 2276.
Maps of the soft diffuse emission in the energy band 0.2 - 1 keV are obtained.
For the three galaxies, especially at the position of magnetic field
enhancements we perform a spectral analysis to derive gas temperatures and thus
to look for shock signatures. A shock is a signature of ram pressure resulting
from supersonic velocities; weak tidal interactions are not expected to
influence the temperature of the ionized gas. In NGC 4254, we do not observe
any temperature increase. This suggests tidal interactions rather than ram
pressure stripping. In NGC 4569 the radio polarized ridge shows a higher
temperature, which may indicate ram-pressure effects. For NGC 2276, we do not
find clear indications of a shock. The main driver of the observed distortions
is most likely tidal interaction. Determining gas temperatures via sensitive
X-ray observations seems to be a good method for distinguishing between ram
pressure and tidal interaction effects acting upon a galaxy.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 8 tables, Accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
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