FABRICAÇÃO DE PAINÉIS DE PARTÍCULAS DE MADEIRA TAUARI (Couratari oblongifolia) UTILIZANDO RESINA POLIURETANA DE MAMONA

Neste trabalho foi estudada a fabricação de painéis de partículas (particleboard) de madeira tauari (Couratari oblongifolia) como forma de melhorar o aproveitamento da madeira oriunda do manejo extrativo da região amazônica, visando diminuir o impacto ambiental provocado pela retirada destas árvores. Os resíduos foram aglomerados com resina poliuretana de mamona, tipo bi componente. Os compósitos foram conformados com densidade nominal de 1000 kgm-3 por prensagem uniaxial a uma pressão de 5 MPa, a 90, 110 e 130°C. Para a caracterização dos painéis foram realizados os ensaios de Densidade aparente (DAP), Teor de Umidade (U), Absorção de água (AA), Inchamento na espessura (IE), Flexão Estática (MOR e MOE), Tração perpendicular (TPP) e Arrancamento de parafuso (AP), segundo as recomendações da norma NBR 14810-3 da ABNT (2006b). Os resultados mostraram que os painéis fabricados com o resíduo da madeira tauari independentemente da temperatura de conformação apresentam densidade média entre 930 e 941 kgm-3, com valores de tração perpendicular (ligação interna), inchamento na espessura superiores aos estabelecidos pelas normas NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2006a) e ANSI A208.1 (1999) sendo classificados de acordo como material de alta densidade recomendado para uso industrial e comercial

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Fabricação de painéis de partículas de madeira tauari (Couratari oblongifolia) utilizando resina poliuretana de mamona

The present paper examines the characteristics of wood wastes from Tauari (Couratari oblongifolia) trees used to produce particleboard panels agglomerated with castor oil resin (polyurethane) as a way to reduce the environmental impact of wood extraction in the amazon region. The composites were conformed with a target density of 1000 kg×m-3 by uniaxial pressing (5 MPa) at 90, 110 and 130°C. The characterization of the panels was carried out by the following tests: Apparent density (DAP), Moisture (U), Water Absorption (AA), thickness swelling (IE), Static bending strength: MOR (Modulus of rupture) and MOE (Modulus of elasticity), Tension perpendicular to the board surface (TPP) and Screw withdrawal (AP), following NBR 14810-3 of the Brazilian Technical Standards Association - ABNT (2006b). The results showed that panels produced from wood waste tauari regardless of the temperature of conformation have average density between 930 and 941 kgm-3, with values of tension perpendicular to the board surface (internal bond) and thickness swell higher than those defined by the standards NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2006a) and ANSI A208.1 (1999) and can be classified as high-density panels suitable for industrial and commercial use.Neste trabalho foi estudada a fabricação de painéis de partículas (particleboard) de madeira tauari (Couratari oblongifolia) como forma de melhorar o aproveitamento da madeira oriunda do manejo extrativo da região amazônica, visando diminuir o impacto ambiental provocado pela retirada destas árvores. Os resíduos foram aglomerados com resina poliuretana de mamona, tipo bi componente. Os compósitos foram conformados com densidade nominal de 1000 kgm-3 por prensagem uniaxial a uma pressão de 5 MPa, a 90, 110 e 130°C. Para a caracterização dos painéis foram realizados os ensaios de Densidade aparente (DAP), Teor de Umidade (U), Absorção de água (AA), Inchamento na espessura (IE), Flexão Estática (MOR e MOE), Tração perpendicular (TPP) e Arrancamento de parafuso (AP), segundo as recomendações da norma NBR 14810-3 da ABNT (2006b). Os resultados mostraram que os painéis fabricados com o resíduo da madeira tauari independentemente da temperatura de conformação apresentam densidade média entre 930 e 941 kgm-3, com valores de tração perpendicular (ligação interna), inchamento na espessura superiores aos estabelecidos pelas normas NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2006a) e ANSI A208.1 (1999) sendo classificados de acordo como material de alta densidade recomendado para uso industrial e comercial

Arginase I, polyamine, and prostaglandin E2 pathways suppress the inflammatory response and contribute to diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-05-03T17:37:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JF Arginase I....pdf: 830131 bytes, checksum: afec4bdb4a62b112b752d5320ef67b84 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-05-03T18:21:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JF Arginase I....pdf: 830131 bytes, checksum: afec4bdb4a62b112b752d5320ef67b84 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-03T18:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JF Arginase I....pdf: 830131 bytes, checksum: afec4bdb4a62b112b752d5320ef67b84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilDiffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare clinical manifestation of tegumentary leishmaniasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying DCL pathogenesis remain unclear, and there is no efficient treatment available. This study investigated the systemic and in situ expression of the inflammatory response that might contribute to suppression in DCL. The plasma levels of arginase I, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were higher in patients with DCL, compared with patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) or with controls from an area of endemicity. In situ transcriptomic analyses reinforced the association between arginase I expression and enzymes involved in prostaglandin and polyamine synthesis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that arginase I, ODC, and cyclooxygenase2 expression was higher in lesion biopsy specimens from patients with DCL than in those from patients with LCL. Inhibition of arginase I or ODC abrogates L. amazonensis replication in infected human macrophages. Our data implicate arginase I, ODC, PGE2, and TGF-β in the failure to mount an efficient immune response and suggest perspectives in the development of new strategies for therapeutic intervention for patients with DCL

Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory

Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth