AI Meets AI: ChatGPT as a Pedagogical Tool to Teach American Indian History

Our paper illustrates how we used Artificial Intelligence to teach the tools of ethnohistory and highlight American Indian voices in our classrooms. It overviews our integration of ChatGPT in both survey and upper-level history courses at two different institutions: a small liberal arts college in the Midwest and a regional-comprehensive university in Texas. Though it acknowledges the benefits and pitfalls of using ChatGPT to teach Native American history, this article emphasizes the pedagogical value of large language models (LLMs) for student engagement and analytical thinking through a variety of critical review, peer review, and group annotation assessments; this included analyses of ChatGPT produced book reviews and textbook chapter summaries. Consequently, our findings illustrate that large language model-generated projects encourages students to think critically about the perpetuation of dominant, Eurocentric historical narratives and challenges students to identify and deconstruct the problematic ways that Native Americans and other minority groups in American history are approached in both academic and non-academic settings. Our paper provides a template that instructors can apply to motivate student inquiry in the history of marginalized groups. In so doing, our goal is to teach students and educators in the Humanities how to use this new technology to supplement rather than subvert the learning process

The Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE) Activates NF-κB-mediated Gene Expression in Response to 40–400-kDa, but Not Smaller or Larger, Hyaluronans

Background: HARE mediates systemic clearance of hyaluronan (HA), which turns over continuously in tissues. Results: HARE uptake of 40–400-kDa, but not larger or smaller, HA stimulated NF-κB activation. Conclusion: HA-HARE signal complexes activate NF-κB and gene transcription only with optimally sized HA. Significance: HARE responsiveness to a narrow size range ofHAdegradation products may be a sensing system to detect tissue ECM stress

The Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE) Activates NF-κB-mediated Gene Expression in Response to 40–400-kDa, but Not Smaller or Larger, Hyaluronans

Background: HARE mediates systemic clearance of hyaluronan (HA), which turns over continuously in tissues. Results: HARE uptake of 40–400-kDa, but not larger or smaller, HA stimulated NF-κB activation. Conclusion: HA-HARE signal complexes activate NF-κB and gene transcription only with optimally sized HA. Significance: HARE responsiveness to a narrow size range ofHAdegradation products may be a sensing system to detect tissue ECM stress

Habitual physical activity (HPA) as a factor in sustained executive function in Alzheimer-type dementia: a cohort study

Evidence from studies on healthy older adults and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations suggests that physical activity interventions have a positive effect on executive function. In this study, we consider whether HPA is positively associated with executive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Eighty-two participants with a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD completed six measures of executive function. Objective measures of physical status were taken. In addition, informants completed questionnaires on the participants’ HPA and other lifestyle factors. A composite measure of executive function was the primary outcome. A multistage multiple regression was used to determine how much variance HPA accounted for. The final model comprised disease severity, cognitive reserve, cognitive activities, neuropsychiatric status and HPA status. The final model accounted for a total of 57% of the variance of executive performance, of which HPA itself accounted for 8% of the variance. HPA status is associated executive performance in an AD population even after controlling for key covariates. The findings encourage clinicians to recommend HPA and its cognitive benefits to AD patients and their carers

Effects of Relaxation and Deep-Breathing on High School Students: ACT Prep

The purpose of this study was to relieve test anxiety in high school juniors preparing to take the ACT: a high-stakes, college admissions, standardized test. Participants included 81 eleventh grade students (25 males, 56 females) from a Midwestern public high school. Results demonstrated that relaxation training in the experimental group significantly lowered student’s perceptions of test anxiety from pre-test to post-test. Further research regarding systematic deep breathing and relaxation techniques is needed

Effects of Relaxation and Deep-Breathing on High School Students: ACT Prep

The purpose of this study was to relieve test anxiety in high school juniors preparing to take the ACT: a high-stakes, college admissions, standardized test. Participants included 81 eleventh grade students (25 males, 56 females) from a Midwestern public high school. Results demonstrated that relaxation training in the experimental group significantly lowered student’s perceptions of test anxiety from pre-test to post-test. Further research regarding systematic deep breathing and relaxation techniques is needed

“I Felt Like a Superhero”: The Experience of Responding to Drug Overdose Among Individuals Trained in Overdose Prevention

BACKGROUND: Overdose prevention programs (OPPs) train people who inject drugs and other community members to prevent, recognise and respond to opioid overdose. However, little is known about the experience of taking up the role of an overdose responder for the participants. METHODS: We present findings from qualitative interviews with 30 participants from two OPPs in Los Angeles, CA, USA from 2010 to 2011 who had responded to at least one overdose since being trained in overdose prevention and response. RESULTS: Being trained by an OPP and responding to overdoses had both positive and negative effects for trained responders . Positive effects include an increased sense of control and confidence, feelings of heroism and pride, and a recognition and appreciation of one\u27s expertise. Negative effects include a sense of burden, regret, fear, and anger, which sometimes led to cutting social ties, but might also be mitigated by the increased empowerment associated with the positive effects. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that becoming an overdose responder can involve taking up a new social role that has positive effects, but also confers some stress that may require additional support. OPPs should provide flexible opportunities for social support to individuals making the transition to this new and critical social role. Equipping individuals with the skills, technology, and support they need to respond to drug overdose has the potential to confer both individual and community-wide benefits

Enhancing Cancer Care of Rural Dwellers through Telehealth and Engagement (ENCORE): Protocol to Evaluate Effectiveness of a Multi-Level Telehealth-Based Intervention to Improve Rural Cancer Care Delivery

BACKGROUND: Despite lower cancer incidence rates, cancer mortality is higher among rural compared to urban dwellers. Patient, provider, and institutional level factors contribute to these disparities. The overarching objective of this study is to leverage the multidisciplinary, multispecialty oncology team from an academic cancer center in order to provide comprehensive cancer care at both the patient and provider levels in rural healthcare centers. Our specific aims are to: 1) evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a multi-level telehealth-based intervention consisting of provider access to molecular tumor board expertise along with patient access to a supportive care intervention to improve cancer care delivery; and 2) identify the facilitators and barriers to future larger scale dissemination and implementation of the multi-level intervention. METHODS: Coordinated by a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center, this study will include providers and patients across several clinics in two large healthcare systems serving rural communities. Using a telehealth-based molecular tumor board, sequencing results are reviewed, predictive and prognostic markers are discussed, and treatment plans are formulated between expert oncologists and rural providers. Simultaneously, the rural patients will be randomized to receive an evidence-based 6-week self-management supportive care program, Cancer Thriving and Surviving, versus an education attention control. Primary outcomes will be provider uptake of the molecular tumor board recommendation and patient treatment adherence. A mixed methods approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research that combines qualitative key informant interviews and quantitative surveys will be collected from both the patient and provider in order to identify facilitators and barriers to implementing the multi-level intervention. DISCUSSION: The proposed study will leverage information technology-enabled, team-based care delivery models in order to deliver comprehensive, coordinated, and high-quality cancer care to rural and/or underserved populations. Simultaneous attention to institutional, provider, and patient level barriers to quality care will afford the opportunity for us to broadly share oncology expertise and develop dissemination and implementation strategies that will enhance the cancer care delivered to patients residing within underserved rural communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04758338 . Registered 17 February 2021 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/

Highly ordered tailored three-dimensional hierarchical nano/microporous gold–carbon architectures

The preparation and characterization of three-dimensional hierarchical architectures, consisting of monolithic nanoporous gold or silver films formed on highly ordered 3D microporous carbon supports, are described. The formation of these nano/microporous structures involves the electrodeposition or sputtering of metal alloys onto the lithographically patterned multi-layered microporous carbon, followed by preferential chemical dealloying of the less noble component. The resulting hierarchical structure displays a highly developed 3D interconnected network of micropores with a nanoporous metal coating. Tailoring the nanoporosity of the metal films and the diameter of the large micropores has been accomplished by systematically changing the alloy compositions via control of the deposition potential, plating solution and coarsening time. SEM imaging illustrates the formation of unique biomimetic nanocoral- or nanocauliflower-like self-supporting structures, depending on the specific preparation conditions. The new 3D hierarchical nano/microporous architectures allow for enhanced mass transport and catalytic activity compared to common nanoporous films prepared on planar substrates. The functionality of this new carbon–gold hierarchical structure is illustrated for the greatly enhanced performance of enzymatic biofuel cells where a substantially higher power output is observed compared to the bare microporous carbon substrate

Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining

Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining is challenging, given the data-poor state of knowledge of deep-sea ecosystem structure, process, and vulnerability. Polling and a scale-intensity-consequence approach (SICA) were used in an expert elicitation survey to rank risk sources and perceived vulnerabilities of habitats associated with seabed nodule, sulfide, and crust mineral resources. Experts identified benthic habitats associated with seabed minerals as most vulnerable to habitat removal with a high degree of certainty. Resource-associated benthic and pelagic habitats were also perceived to be at risk from plumes generated during mining activities, although there was not always consensus regarding vulnerabilities to specific risk sources from different types of plumes. Even for risk sources where habitat vulnerability measures were low, high uncertainties suggest that these risks may not yet be dismissed. Survey outcomes also underscore the need for risk assessment to progress from expert opinion with low certainty to data-rich and ecosystem-relevant scientific research assessments to yield much higher certainty. This would allow for design and deployment of effective precautionary and mitigation efforts in advance of commercial exploitation, and adaptive management strategies would allow for regulatory and guideline modifications in response to new knowledge and greater certainty