Les pêches exploratoires au chalut en baie de Saint Vincent (Nouvelle Calédonie)

Quatre campagnes de chalutages exploratoires ont été mises en oeuvre dans la Baie de Saint-Vincent (nord de Nouméa) entre décembre 1984 et avril 1986. 85 traits de chaluts ont été menés à bien. 233 espèces représentant 59 familles ont été capturées. Les estimations de densité et biomasse ont diminué d'un facteur 13 entre la première et la quatrième campagne. Cette diminution n'est pas dûe à une pêche excessive (moins de 2% de la biomasse de la baie a été prélevée), ni à des changements des peuplements benthiques provoquées par le chalut. Il est plus probable que des causes naturelles soient responsables de cette diminution. En effet, les peuplements sont dominés par des espèces de stratégie r (#Leiognathidae, #Lethrinus nematacanthus) qui ont de fortes variations de populations, alors que les espèces vivant plus longtemps et dont la reproduction est plus tardive (#Saurida undosquamis, les grands #Upeneus spp.) sont plus stables. La structure trophique a été étudiée en utilisant trois indices : le nombre d'espèces, la densité et la biomasse. Le plus robuste a été le nombre d'espèces pour lequel cette structure reste stable dans le temps et dans l'espace, tandis que la densité a été le plus sensible (variations spatiales et temporelles significatives

Variations in the fish catch composition in the Bay of St Vincent, New Caledonia, as determined by experimental trawling

An experimental trawl survey was conducted in the Bay of St Vincent between December 1984 and April. In all, 85 hauls were performed during cruises. The trawled fish represented 233 species and 59 families. Biomass and density estimates declined 13-fold between the first and last cruises. This decline is not due to the survey catch (less than 2 % of the biomass of the bay), nor is it likely to be due to trawling-induced changes in habitat. Natural causes are the most likely reason for the decline. the #r-type species (#Leiognathidae, #Lethrinus nematacanthus) had the largest population fluctuations, whilst longer living and later reproducing species (#Saurida undosquamis, large #Upeneus$ spp.) had the smallest. Trophic structure is studied using three expressions : number of species, biomass and density per trophic group. Number of species per trophic group was the most insensitive to changes in time and place, with density being the most sensitive. Study of the variations in trophic structure could help with the monitoring of major changes in fish populations caused by fishing or environnmental changes. (Résumé d'auteur

Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces)

A checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia is presented. A total of 2328 species in 246 families have been recorded from the region. Eight of these species are not native, but have been introduced. Five fish families are represented only by introduced species. The native fish fauna of New Caledonia therefore consists of 2320 species in 241 families. The largest families are the Gobiidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae, Apogonidae, Blenniidae, Macrouridae, Myctophidae and Muraenidae. The freshwater fish fauna is dominated by the families Gobiidae, Eleotridae, Anguillidae and Mugilidae. A total of 61 species represent new records from New Caledonia. The fish fauna from New Caledonia includes a total of 125 species occurring in freshwater (plus eight introduced species), 266 (plus two introduced) species in transitional (brackish) waters, and 2320 marine species. The detailed geographical distribution of the New Caledonian fish species including the southern submarine ridges (Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, New Zealand) is provided. Among the New Caledonian marine species, 905 are recorded from the East Coral Sea including Chesterfield Islands, 193 from the New Caledonian basin, 1860 from the Grande Terre group, 85 from the Norfolk Ridge, and 1029 from the Loyalty Ridge including Loyalty Islands. New Caledonia has a considerable endemic element of 107 species (4.6 % of the total native species)

Підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств житлово-комунального господарства України на основі використання закордонного досвіду

Мета роботи - підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств житлово-комунального господарства на основі можливостей використання закордонного досвіду реформування

Analyse écorégionale marine de Nouvelle-Calédonie : atelier d'identification des aires de conservation prioritaires

Dans le cadre de l'initiative pour les récifs coralliens du Pacifique sud (CRISP), le WWF-France a souhaité développer un projet pour la protection des récifs et des lagons néo-calédoniens. L'atelier, qui s'est déroulé les 10 et 11 août à Nouméa, avait pour objectif de rassembler les scientifiques et les experts du lagon néocalédonien pour identifier, sur la base de leur connaissance experte, les zones les plus remarquables du lagon (richesse, endémisme, originalité des faunes et flores, espèces emblématiques, zones d'intérêt fonctionnel) sur lesquelles doivent porter en priorité les efforts de conservation. Il a permis d'identifier 20 aires prioritaires pour la conservation, parmi lesquelles 6 ont un intérêt mondial, 4 ont un intérêt sur le plan régional, les autres ayant un intérêt local

Global human footprint on the linkage between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in reef fishes

Copyright: © 2011 Mora et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Difficulties in scaling up theoretical and experimental results have raised controversy over the consequences of biodiversity loss for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Using a global survey of reef fish assemblages, we show that in contrast to previous theoretical and experimental studies, ecosystem functioning (as measured by standing biomass) scales in a non-saturating manner with biodiversity (as measured by species and functional richness) in this ecosystem. Our field study also shows a significant and negative interaction between human population density and biodiversity on ecosystem functioning (i.e., for the same human density there were larger reductions in standing biomass at more diverse reefs). Human effects were found to be related to fishing, coastal development, and land use stressors, and currently affect over 75% of the world's coral reefs. Our results indicate that the consequences of biodiversity loss in coral reefs have been considerably underestimated based on existing knowledge and that reef fish assemblages, particularly the most diverse, are greatly vulnerable to the expansion and intensity of anthropogenic stressors in coastal areas

Variations in the fish catch composition in the Bay of St Vincent, New Caledonia, as determined by experimental trawling

An experimental trawl survey was conducted in the Bay of St Vincent between December 1984 and April. In all, 85 hauls were performed during cruises. The trawled fish represented 233 species and 59 families. Biomass and density estimates declined 13-fold between the first and last cruises. This decline is not due to the survey catch (less than 2 % of the biomass of the bay), nor is it likely to be due to trawling-induced changes in habitat. Natural causes are the most likely reason for the decline. the #r-type species (#Leiognathidae, #Lethrinus nematacanthus) had the largest population fluctuations, whilst longer living and later reproducing species (#Saurida undosquamis, large #Upeneus$ spp.) had the smallest. Trophic structure is studied using three expressions : number of species, biomass and density per trophic group. Number of species per trophic group was the most insensitive to changes in time and place, with density being the most sensitive. Study of the variations in trophic structure could help with the monitoring of major changes in fish populations caused by fishing or environnmental changes. (Résumé d'auteur