Tweeting in Disaster Area: An Analysis of Tweets during 2016 Major Floods in Indonesia

Social media allows people in the disaster area to communicate disaster information, to the people outside the disaster area, more quickly and accurately. Unfortunately, there are limited researches that examine the use of Twitter by people in the disaster sites. This study aims to explore the use of Twitter by users in the disaster-affected areas. We use the feature of twitter geolocation, to separate information from inside and outside the disaster site. This research gives depiction about communication behavior of people in the affected disaster area, through social media. The result showed that people in disaster location use twitter to give first-hand report, coordinate rescue effort, provide help and express grief. In addition, by focusing on the affected area, Twitter used by lay people is usually found rather than other users. From the segment of time, the researcher finds a number of tweets that will increase each day. Users will share more information the days after rather, than the day of disaster. In practical term, this research explores the used of social media by the victims of disaster, which can encourage effective communication to people or group outside the location; theoretically, this research gives more detail understanding about shared information from the people in the disaster place

Revisiting the implications of Liouville's theorem to the anisotropy of cosmic rays

We present a solution to Liouville's equation for an ensemble of charged particles propagating in magnetic fields. The solution is presented using an expansion in spherical harmonics of the phase space density, allowing a direct interpretation of the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. The results are found for chosen conditions of variability and source distributions. We show there are two conditions for an initially isotropic flux of particles to remain isotropic while traveling through a magnetic field: isotropy and homogeneity of the sources. The formalism is used to analyze the data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, contributing to the understanding of the dependence of the dipole amplitude with energy and predicting the energy in which the quadrupole signal should be measured

Exploring local perspectives on flood risk: A participatory GIS approach for bridging the gap between modelled and perceived flood risk zones

As cities continue to expand and climate change exacerbates flooding, development within flood risk zones becomes an increasingly pressing concern. Engineered solutions alone cannot fully address the risks to individuals and communities, especially when local officials and residents have conflicting understanding of the risk. Participatory GIS (PGIS) offers a unique opportunity to bridge this gap by engaging with communities to better understand their perceptions of flood risk. While PGIS has traditionally been used in developing nations as an alternative to numerical flood models, its potential for use in developed nations is largely unexplored. This paper presents a case study of survey-based PGIS conducted in Reading, a large town in Berkshire, UK. Findings suggest that local residents possess a surprisingly accurate understanding of flood risk zones, but discrepancies with modelled flood risk were also identified. These discrepancies may be due to issues with cartographic representation, but also raise concerns about the accuracy of numerical flood models. By examining local perceptions of flood risk, this study highlights the importance of considering community perspectives in flood risk management and offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to bridge the gap between modelled and perceived flood risk zones

Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography and diversification patterns of a diverse group of moths (Geometridae: Boarmiini)

Understanding how and why some groups have become more species-rich than others, and how past biogeography may have shaped their current distribution, are questions that evolutionary biologists have long attempted to answer. We investigated diversification patterns and historical biogeography of a hyperdiverse lineage of Lepidoptera, the geometrid moths, by studying its most species-rich tribe Boarmiini, which comprises ca. 200 genera and ca. known 3000 species. We inferred the evolutionary relationships of Boarmiini based on a dataset of 346 taxa, with up to eight genetic markers under a maximum likelihood approach. The monophyly of Boarmiiniis strongly supported. However, the phylogenetic position of many taxa does not agree with current taxonomy, although the monophyly of most major genera within the tribe is supported after minor adjustments. Three genera are synonymized, one new combination is proposed, and four species are placed in incertae sedis within Boarmiini. Our results support the idea of a rapid initial diversification of Boarmiini, which also implies that no major taxonomic subdivisions of the group can currently be proposed. A time-calibrated tree and biogeographical analyses suggest that boarmiines appeared in Laurasia ca. 52 Mya, followed by dispersal events throughout the Australasian, African and Neotropical regions. Most of the transcontinental dispersal events occurred in the Eocene, a period of intense geological activity and rapid climate change. Diversification analyses showed a relatively constant diversification rate for all Boarmiini, except in one clade containing the species-rich genus Cleora. The present work represents a substantial contribution towards understanding the evolutionary origin of Boarmiini moths. Our results, inevitably biased by taxon sampling, highlight the difficulties with working on species-rich groups that have not received much attention outside of Europe. Specifically, poor knowledge of the natural history of geometrids (particularly in tropical clades) limits our ability to identify key innovations underlying the diversification of boarmiines.Peer reviewe

Imagining worse than reality: comparing beliefs and intentions between disaster evacuees and survey respondents

We often credit disasters, and their coverage in the media, with changes in the public perception of risk associated with low-probability, high-consequence events (LPHCs). With a change in perceptions, we also expect changes in beliefs, preferences, and behaviors. Do beliefs and behaviors change in different ways for people who live through these LPHC critical events, as opposed to people who observe them? This study compares hypothetical hurricanes with actual hurricane effects in a survey quasi-experiment. Findings indicate that hypothetical disasters induce stronger reactions than those experienced in the natural world, as Hurricane Katrina bystanders imagine themselves incurring much higher damages, and being much less likely to return to live in their hurricane-damaged homes, than actual Hurricane Katrina evacuees. Ultimately, respondents considering a hypothetical low-probability, high-consequence event exhibit exaggerated beliefs and opposite decisions of those who actually lived through one of these events. Results underline the importance of examining the differences between public perceptions and experiential reality

PERSEPSI RISIKO DAN NIAT PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI

One of efforts to reduce the birth rate can be conducted by using contraceptive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship among information access, knowledge, perceived risk, and the intention to use contraceptive. Theparticipant of this study were 60 women at reproductive age (15-49 years) who never used contraceptive and selected by purposive sampling method. Data was collected through interview by a questionnaire. The results indicated that the education level and the age of husband and wife had a correlation significantly with the knowledge level of contraceptive use. In addition, the knowledge level about contraceptive use also related to the number source and the trusted source of information. The results also revealed that there was not variablecorrelated with perceived risk. Perceived risk of between hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives had significant difference on functional, physical, financial, social, time, and opportunity cost dimention but not at perceived risk in several. Meanwhile, intention to use had positive correlation with husband of wife’s education level

Behaviors and Perceptions of Environmental Decision Making: the Role of Information Dissemination Through Public Disclosures and Labels

Environmental decision making may be influenced by information and how this information has been disseminated. By recognizing that information needs to be salient to the individual (Cash et al., 2003, 2006), tailored and framed to the individual (Pelletier & Sharp, 2008), and recognizing that the information must be presented in a way that the individual is ready and able to accept the information (Teisl, Rubin, & Noblet, 2008) all serve as a means to improve the effect information has on environmental decision making. Through this work, two studies of contextual examples of how information dissemination affects environmental decision making are presented. The first study seeks to learn about how safety information disclosures affect the perception of risk. Coastal water quality may be threatened by natural and human process; it is important to understand how coastal water users perceive the risk to human health associated with these threats (Hlavsa et al., 2011; Lewis & Miller, 2016). I use data collected by the New England Sustainability Consortium’s Safe Beaches & Shellfish Project 2015 mail survey conducted in Maine and New Hampshire on coastal residents (Fox et al., 2017). I investigate how information through public disclosures at either beaches or shellfish harvesting areas influence risk perceptions associated with entering the water (or eating shellfish) under an advisory or closure. Further, we test to see if the frames of marine environment or public health may be more appropriate to communicate information to the public and how it influences risk perception. The findings suggest that disclosures of poor coastal water quality at these areas do not influence risk perception nor do specific messages appear to alter risk perceptions. The second study seeks to better understand consumer information seeking behavior and use of product labels for aquaculture products and how these behaviors change when the heterogeneity in preferences is considered. Despite aquaculture’s stance as a rapidly growing sustainable food technology, public opinion about aquaculture is still relatively unformed (Murray et al., 2017). Labeling of aquaculture products is an opportunity to provide information that is salient and messages that bridge the gap between the individual and the information presented on labels at the time of purchase (Cash et al., 2003, 2006; Pelletier & Sharp, 2008; Teisl et al., 2008). We use data from a 2017 national survey collected by the Sustainable Ecological Aquaculture Network Human Dimensions Team to capture behaviors and perceptions of aquaculture. To approach our unique problem, audience segmentation methods are employed to introduce heterogeneity in our sample based on a suite of covariates that fundamentally separates individuals into groups by their attitudes and impressions of aquaculture and investigate how aquaculture label seeking behavior on products changes across groups of individuals. Findings suggest that, while public opinion remains unformed, three types of individuals exist: interested skeptics, blissfully ignorant, and information seekers. It is found that the different types of individuals all tend to seek information slightly differently, providing a frame for the aquaculture industry to tailor information so that it may be more salient to the individual at the time of purchase (Cash et al., 2006; Pelletier & Sharp, 2008)

Katsaus suomalaiseen CAM-tutkimukseen

Tämä katsausartikkeli käsittelee suomalaista täydentävän ja vaihtoehtoisen lääkinnän tutkimusta. Käytämme siitä lyhennettä CAM-tutkimus (CAM eli Complementary and Alternative Medicine, täydentävä ja vaihtoehtoinen lääkintä). Artikkelin tavoitteena on selvittää, millaista CAM-tutkimusta Suomessa on tehty ja mihin tutkimus on kohdistunut. Tutkimusaineisto koostui CAM-hoitoja käsittelevistä 53 tutkimusartikkelista ja 12 väitöskirjasta ajanjaksolta 1980–2014. Aineisto haettiin kotimaisista ja ulkomaisista tietokannoista. Tutkimusmenetelmä oli sisällönanalyysi. CAM-tutkimusta tehtiin erityisesti 1990-luvulla ja 2000-luvun alussa. Useimmiten tutkimukset tehtiin yliopistossa tai yhteistyössä yliopistojen kanssa. Valtaosa aineistomme julkaisuista käsitteli CAM-hoitoja kokonaisuutena erittelemättä eri hoitomuotoja toisistaan. CAM-hoidoiksi tutkimuksissa luettiin erilaisia terveyden ylläpitoon tai sairauden hoitoon tarkoitettuja yrttejä, rohdoksia, homeopaattisia ja antroposofisia lääkkeitä, ruokavaliohoitoja sekä kehomielihoitoja, joista useimmin mainittiin henkiparannus, akupunktio ja vyöhyketerapia. Erittelemme artikkelissa suomalaisen CAM-tutkimuksen luokittelun kansainvälistä luokittelua mukaillen seuraavasti: 1) CAM-hoitojen vaikuttavuuden ja käytettävyyden tutkimus, 2) CAM-hoitojen historian ja kansanperinteen tutkimus, 3) CAM-hoitojen käytön yleisyyden ja käyttäjäryhmien tutkimus, 4) hoitohenkilökunnan asenteiden ja suhtautumisen tutkimus. Lisäksi hahmottelimme viidennen – tosin Suomen kontekstissa hyvin vähäisen – luokan: CAM-ammattien tutkimus, tieteentutkimus ja hoitonäkemysten tutkimus. Suurin osa tutkimuksista kohdistui CAM-hoitojen käyttöön ja käyttäjätyyppeihin. Tulosten mukaan vähintään kolmannes aikuisista oli käyttänyt tai kokeillut jotakin CAM-hoitoa. Muita tutkimuskohteita olivat CAM-hoitojenvaikutukset, terveydenhuoltohenkilökunnan asenteet ja hoitojen historia. Vaikutustutkimuksista suurin osa kohdistui jäsenkorjaukseen, jolla todettiin olevan myönteisiä vaikutuksia. Lääkärien ja sairaanhoitajien CAM-asenteet osoittautuivat jakautuneiksi

Media Use During COVID-19: An Investigation of Negative Effects on the Mental Health of Asian Versus White Americans

The role of media use on mental health distress is particularly concerning during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The vulnerabilities to and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States are greatly influenced by racial/ethnic inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic may present unique mental health challenges for Asian Americans because of racial targeting and limited access to and engagement with mental health care. This present investigation examines whether the association between media use and mental health distress is more pronounced for Asian Americans for whom media messages that document and promote anti-Asian racism are likely to be especially salient and influential. Using a national survey of Asian (n 524) and White (n 527) American participants, our findings reveal that racial/ethnic identity interacted with the negative effect of media use on mental health for Asian Americans, but not for White Americans. We also explored whether the effect of media use on mental health was mediated by social and health risk perceptions. Results revealed that even though imagined stigma was associated with mental health distress, it did not mediate the effect of media use on mental health. Health risk perceptions mediated the negative effect of media use on both psychosocial distress and loneliness. Implications for health communication, media studies, and anti-Asian racism are discussed, especially in the context of health crises