Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects

The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low.Family, Authority, Problems, Female, Labor Force, Sindh

Flame propagation and burning rates of methane-air mixtures using schlieren photography

Different methodology have been shown to produce different results for Markstein length and laminar burning velocity of methane-air mixture. This study attempts to determine the aforesaid parameters using the newly developed closed vessel combustion chamber with Schlieren photography. Markstein length and burning rate of methane-air mixture was determined under the initial pressure of 1 atm, temperature range of 298-302K and equivalence ratio range of 0.7-1.3. Experiments were performed in a centrally ignited 29.16L cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber. Ignition energy was set at 25mJ for each experiment. The images of spherically expanding flame were recorded using Schlieren photography technique at a speed of 2000 frame per second. Analysis of the flame area yield flame radii from which the flame speed and stretch rate could be obtained. These parameters would allow the determination of Markstein length and burning rate of the flame. Results show that Markstein length magnitude increases proportionally with equivalence ratio with a magnitude ranging from 0.125cm to 0.245cm. Maximum burning rate occurs at equivalence ratio of 1.1 with a magnitude of 0.366 m/s. Flame of each equivalence ratio also exhibits fluctuation arising from acoustic disturbance. This disturbance becomes more apparent at higher equivalence ratio

Faktor- Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja USAha Kecil Menengah (UKM) Mitra Binaan Pkbl PT Jasa Marga

SME development programs that are run specifically has a value benefit to the respondent who is known to occur increase business performance, through the evaluation of human resources, production management, financial administration, marketing, motivation, business plans, business kontinitas, business motivation and environmental factors.The long term goal of this research is to determine the proper coaching model to determine the benefits of the treatment (guidance) given to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of the Partnership Program PT. Jasa Marga. Observations and field training conducted on the SME, place of business respondents. Event supervision / mentoring place of business for three (3) times in a period of 6 months. The results of observation and coaching evaluated and analyzed through the research methods of the variables observed and seen the level of success of the program significantly from the treatment given to the respondent. The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate development patterns by looking at business performance of SMEs. Treatments were observed and analyzed variables significantly influence the performance of the business. From the results kolekting research data through a regression analysis obtained: Influence Factor variable Coaching, Motivation and environment contribute a significant influence on the performance of Business Partners with the magnitude of the effect of variable factors on Business Performance Partners is a Development (X1), motivation Enterprises (X2) and the environment ( X3) to form the regression equation Y = 0.256 + 0.422 X1 + 0,282 X2 + 0,225 X

The beneficial usage of water treatment sludge as pottery product

The disposal of sludge from water treatment operations has become a major problem in Malaysia. The problem becomes acute because of scarcity of space for installation of sludge treatment facilities and disposal of treated sludge. Traditionally, treated sludge from water treatment plant will be sent to landfill for disposal. This method does not benefit anybody besides creating other problems. Instead of considering it as a waste, sludge must be considered as a quality by-product that can be changed into beneficial product for consumer. As a pilot study, this research only emphasize on characterization of water treatment sludge and its behaviour when mixed with clay. Mineralogical compositions were determined using XRD, XRF for chemical composition and physical testing including Atterberg limit test and particles size distribution. Identification of beneficial usage is based on the characteristics of water treatment sludge.Keywords: chemical composition; mineral composition; physical characteristics; pottery product; water sludge

Symmetric Cryptosystem Based on Petri Net

يتضمن هذا البحث طريقة جديدة  تعتمد على شبكة بتري لتوليد مفتاح سري خاص .يستخدم  مؤشر الوصول الذي يشير الى البيانات الموجودة  في الشبكة كمفتاح للتشفير وفك التشفير للحصول على مفتاح معقد بشكل جيد. يستخدم كلا الطرفين (المرسل والمستقبل)  للتشفير وفك التشفيرشبكة ذات تصميم مطابق لتوليد نفس المفتاح . يتم اعادة ترتيب النص الصريح باستخدام جدول معين قبل عملية التجميع مع المفتاح لتوليد النص المشفرIn this wok, a novel approach based on ordinary Petri net is used to generate private key . The reachability marking  of petri net is used as encryption/decryption key to provide more complex key . The same ordinary Petri Nets models  are used for the sender(encryption) and  the receiver(decryption).The plaintext has been permutated  using  look-up table ,and XOR-ed with key to generate cipher tex

Pengaruh Arah Pemakanandan Sudut Permukaan Bidang Kerja Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Material S45c Pada Mesin Frais Cnc Menggunakan Ballnose Endmill

Nilai sebuah produk dapat diindikasikan salah satunya adalah kualitas permukaan. Bahan baja S45C banyak dipakai pada konstruksi mesin sehingga sering mengalami perlakuan proses pemesinan. Proses pemesinan mempunyai kualitas kehalusan (nilai kekasaran) yang berbeda terutama pada mesin frais CNC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi arah pemakanan dan sudut permukaan bidang kerja pada proses mesin frais CNC pada material S45C menggunakan jenis alat potong ballnose endmill terhadap nilai kekasaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan memberikan variasi arah pemakanan searah 45°, searah 90° dan berputar konstan sumbu Z dengan variasi sudut permukaan bidang kerja sebesar sebesar 0, 30, 45 dan 60°. Pergeseran alat potong sebesar 0,3 mm berputar pada 3000 rpm dan feeding 429 mm/menit dengan kedalaman pemakanan 0,4 mm. Pengujian kekasaran hasil pemesinan menggunakan TR 100 Surface Roughness Tester dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop digital USB perbesaran 800x. Hasil yang didapat nilai kekasaran yang paling kecil (halus) adalah sebesar 0,85 µm terjadi pada arah pemakanan searah 45° bertemu dengan sudut bidang permukaan kerja 30°. Pada arah pemakanan searah 90° dan searah 45°nilai kekasaran semakin meningkat (semakin kasar) sebanding dengan bertambahnya sudut permukaan bidang kerja sedangkan pada arah pemakanan berputar konstan sumbu Z nilai kekasaran semakin menurun (semakin halus) berbanding terbalik dengan bertambahnya sudut permukaan bidang kerja

ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI SAWAH SERAM TIMUR MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN WILAYAH

Penyebab utama rendahnya produktivitas padi di Maluku adalah tidak tersedianya varietas unggul spesifik lokasi. Untuk itu, perlu dikaji penggunaan varietas unggul baru yang adaptif di Seram Bagian Timur (SBT), Maluku dengan produktivitas tinggi, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas dan sesuai preferensi konsumen dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan Maluku. Telah dilakukan kajian adaptasi beberapa varietas unggul baru padi sawah irigasi Desa Jakarta Baru, SBT tahun 2011 untuk mendapatkan dua hingga tiga varietas unggul berproduksi tinggi. Rancangan Acak Kelompok digunakan dengan tiga ulangan dan lima perlakuan (Conde, Cibogo, Inpari 3, Inpari 6, dan Inpari 13). Sistem tanam yang digunakan adalah model legowo 4:1 dengan jarak tanam (20 cm x 10 cm) x 40 cm. Parameter yang diamati: tinggi tanaman saat menjelang panen, jumlah anakan produktif/rumpun, panjang malai jumlah bulir per/malai, berat gabah total (g)/rumpun, dan hasil gabah kering panen per ha (ton per ha). Hasil: dari lima varietas unggul yang diuji, Inpari 13 memperlihatkan hasil lebih tinggi, berbeda nyata dengan varietas lainnya, varietas Conde. Dari daya hasilnya, kedua varietas (Inpari 13 dan Conde) berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan wilayah Maluku. Kata kunci: varietas; padi; pangan

Penilaian Kecekapan Pengutipan Sisa Pepejal di Malaysia Satu Kajian Kes di Majlis Perbandaran Seremban

The efficiency of solid waste collection is influenced by the type of vehicle used, methods of collection and the type of area served with the r2 values equal to 100%. Mechanical collection with a lifter has been proven to be the most efficient (0.39 minute/lot) compared to manual collection by open lorry which is the least efficient (5.11 minute/lot). In terms of area served, collection of waste in residential areas is the most efficient at about 0.19 minute/lot. The semimechanical collection method is relatively cheaper (RM415,720/lorry.year) than manual collection (RM435,290/lorry.year). In addition, the collection of solid waste by private agencies is relatively cheaper than collection by government agencies

Optimization of Multiple Response Using Taguchi-WPCA in ST 60 Tool Steel Turning Process with Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication (MQCL) Method

A research was conducted for the optimization of the turning process st 60 tool steel with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with Taguchi-WPCA method. Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication (MQCL) metode was applied as a coolant. The experimental studies were conducted under varying the cutting speed, feeding, depth of cut and type of coolant. The optimized multiple performance characteristics were surface roughness, and material removal rate. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, grey relational analysis, weighted pricipal component analysis and analysis of variance were employed to study the multiple performance characteristics. Experimental results show that cutting speed gives the highest contribution for minimize of surface roughness and maximize of material removal rate, followed by feeding speed, type of coolant and depth of cut. The minimum of surface roughness and maximize of material removal rat could be obtained by using the values of cutting speed, feeding speed, depth of cut and type of coolant of 172.95 m/minute, 0.053 mm/rev, 0.25 mm, and vegetable oil as a coolant respectively

Numerical evaluation of thermo-hydraulic performance in fin-and-tube compact heat exchangers with different tube cross-sections

This study examined numericallythe Thermal-hydrodynamic properties of airflow in the fin-and-tube compact heat exchangers (FTCHEs) with considering different shapes of tubes in lowReynoldsnumbers. The influence of applying flat, oval and circular tube adjustments on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of air flow were analyzed on the in-line tube arrangements. Establishing standard conditions, the study compared different geometries based on circular tubes of 10.459 mm diameter tubes with 25.4 mm longitudinal pitches and 25.4 mm transverse pitches. The other geometries of tubes were assumed in a stable and constant state preparing the same heat transfer surface area per unit volume as that of the nominal case. The results showed that the FTCHE with flat tubes gives the best area goodness factor (j/f) with in a certainrange of Reynoldsnumbers. In addition, FTCHE with flat tubes shown the best thermo-hydraulic performance and a significant augmentation of up to 10.83% and 35.63% in the average area goodness factor achieved accompanied by a decrease in the average friction factor of 17.02% and 43.41% in the flat tube case compared to the oval and circle tube shapes, respectively. It is concluded that the average area goodness factorfor the oval tube is about 25.04% higher than that of the circular tube, while the average friction factor for the oval tube is about 26.9% lower than that of the circular tube. This means that the flat tube has a better-combined thermal-hydraulic performance than the oval and circle tube