Homo faber disabilis?

Auch unter dem Einfluss der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention bleibt die Ermöglichung beruflicher Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen eine zentrale soziale Aufgabe. Die im Band enthaltenen Beiträge greifen die Ambivalenzen auf, die sich aus den vorrangigen Zielen der Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben ergeben: das eigenständige Bestreiten des Lebensunterhalts mit dem daraus nicht zuletzt resultierenden gesamtgesellschaftlichen Nutzen einerseits und die mit Erwerbstätigkeit verbundene soziale Begegnung, das heißt Selbstbestätigung und Anerkennung andererseits. Diese Ambivalenzen werden entlang allen Stufen des Erwerbsprozesses – von der Qualifizierung über die Einstellung und das laufende Arbeitsverhältnis bis hin zur Entlassung – in einen multidisziplinären Kontext gestellt. Mit Beiträgen von: Alfons Adam, Konzern- und Gesamtschwerbehindertenvertretung bei der Daimler AG, Werk Bremen Jun.-Prof. Dr. Minou Banafsche, Fachgebiet für Sozialrecht am Institut für Sozialwesen des Fachbereichs Humanwissenschaften der Universität Kassel Prof. Dr. Iris Beck, Lehrstuhl für Erziehungswissenschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Behindertenpädagogik, Schwerpunkt Allgemeine Behindertenpädagogik und Soziologie an der Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft der Universität Hamburg Prof. Dr. Ulrich Becker, L.L.M. (EHI), Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik und Professor an der Juristischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Anke Berger, Richterin am Bundesarbeitsgericht, Erfurt Prof. Dr. Olaf Deinert, Lehrstuhl für Bürgerliches Recht, Arbeits- und Sozialrecht an der Juristischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Regierungsrat Andreas Heilek, Zentrum Bayern Familie und Soziales – Integrationsamt, Nürnberg Rechtsanwalt Andreas Melzer, Siemens AG, München Prof. Dr. Katja Nebe, Lehrstuhl für Bürgerliches Recht, Arbeitsrecht und Recht der Sozialen Sicherheit an der Juristischen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Jens Nitschke, Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Nürnberg Dr. Katja Robinson, Geschäftsführerin der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Berufsbildungswerke e. V., Berlin Jürgen Rodewald, Deutsche Rentenversicherung Braunschweig-Hannover, Laatzen Oswald Utz, Behindertenbeauftragter der Landeshauptstadt München Prof. em. Dr. Wilhelm Vossenkuhl, Fakultät für Philosophie, Wissenschaftstheorie und Religionswissenschaft der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Wacker, Lehrstuhl für Diversitätssoziologie an der Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaft der TUM und Max Planck Fellow am Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik, München Prof. Dr. Felix Welti, Fachgebiet für Sozialrecht der Rehabilitation und Recht der behinderten Menschen am Institut für Sozialwesen des Fachbereichs Humanwissenschaften der Universität Kasse

Pretest Befragung in Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe: Abschlussbericht

Die Studie "Pretest Befragung in Einrichtungen" trägt dazu bei, das methodische Fundament für eine repräsentative Befragung (Teilhabesurvey) zu den Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen in Deutschland zu schaffen. Ein vorliegendes Erhebungsinstrument aus einer Vorstudie wird so geprüft, angepasst und weiterentwickelt, dass Menschen mit kognitiv-kommunikativen Beeinträchtigungen, die in Wohneinrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe leben, in die Befragung einbezogen werden können

What on Earth have we been burning? Deciphering sedimentary records of pyrogenic carbon

Humans have interacted with fire for thousands of years, yet the utilization of fossil fuels marked the beginning of a new era. Ubiquitous in the environment, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) arises from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, forming a continuum of condensed aromatic structures. Here we develop and evaluate 14C records for two complementary PyC molecular markers, benzene-polycarboxylic-acids (BPCAs) and polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) preserved in aquatic sediments from a sub-urban and a remote catchment in the United States (U.S.) from mid-1700s to 1998. Results show that the majority of PyC stems from local sources and is transferred to aquatic sedimentary archives on sub-decadal to millennial time scales. Whereas a small portion stems from near-contemporaneous production and sedimentation, the majority of PyC (<90%) experiences delayed transmission due to ‘pre-aging’ on millennial timescales in catchment soils prior to its ultimate deposition. BPCAs (soot) and PAHs (precursors of soot) trace fossil fuel-derived PyC. Both markers parallel historical records of the consumption of fossil fuels in U.S., yet never account for more than 19% total PyC. This study demonstrates that isotopic characterization of multiple tracers is necessary to constrain histories and inventories of PyC, and that sequestration of PyC can markedly lag its production

An Assessment of Psychological Noise Reduction by Landscape Plants

The emphasis in the term ‘Green Transportation’ is on the word ‘green’. Green transportation focuses on the construction of a slow transport system with a visually pleasing, easy and secure trip environment composed of urban parks, green roadside spaces and some other space that is full of landscape plants. This trip environment encourages residents to make trip choices that reduce fuel consumption and pollution and is one of the most important ways of popularizing green transportation. To study the psychological benefits provided by urban parks and other landscape environments, we combined a subjective approach (a questionnaire) with an objective quantitative approach (emotional tests using an electroencephalogram; EEG). Using a questionnaire survey, we found that 90% of the subjects believed that landscape plants contribute to noise reduction and that 55% overrated the plants’ actual ability to attenuate noise. Two videos (showing a traffic scene and a plant scene) were shown to 40 participants on video glasses. We detected and recorded EEG values with a portable electroencephalograph, and a comparison between the results of the two groups revealed that there was a highly significant asymmetry between the EEG activity of the vegetation scene and traffic scene groups. The results suggest that the emotions aroused by noise and visual stimuli are manifested in the synchronization of beta frequency band and the desynchronization of alpha frequency band, indicating that landscape plants can moderate or buffer the effects of noise. These findings indicate that landscape plants provide excess noise attenuating effects through subjects’ emotional processing, which we term ‘psychological noise reduction’

Overlapping properties of the short membrane-active peptide BP100 with (i) Polycationic TAT and (ii) α-helical Magainin Family Peptides

Copyright © 2021 Mink, Strandberg, Wadhwani, Melo, Reichert, Wacker, Castanho and Ulrich. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.BP100 is a short, designer-made membrane-active peptide with multiple functionalities: antimicrobial, cell-penetrating, and fusogenic. Consisting of five lysines and 6 hydrophobic residues, BP100 was shown to bind to lipid bilayers as an amphipathic a-helix, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. With these features, BP100 embodies the characteristics of two distinctly different classes of membrane-active peptides, which have been studied in detail and where the mechanism of action is better understood. On the one hand, its amphiphilic helical structure is similar to the pore forming magainin family of antimicrobial peptides, though BP100 is much too short to span the membrane. On the other hand, its length and high charge density are reminiscent of the HIV-TAT family of cell penetrating peptides, for which inverted micelles have been postulated as translocation intermediates, amongst other mechanisms. Assays were performed to test the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, the induced leakage and fusion of lipid vesicles, and cell uptake. From these results the functional profiles of BP100, HIV-TAT, and the magainin-like peptides magainin 2, PGLa, MSI-103, and MAP were determined and compared. It is observed that the activity of BP100 resembles most closely the much longer amphipathic a-helical magainin-like peptides, with high antimicrobial activity along with considerable fusogenic and hemolytic effects. In contrast, HIV-TAT shows almost no antimicrobial, fusogenic, or hemolytic effects. We conclude that the amphipathic helix of BP100 has a similar membranebased activity as magainin-like peptides and may have a similar mechanism of action.This work was supported financially by the BIF-TM program of the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; by the DFG grant INST 121384/58-1 FUGG; and by the DAAD “Portugal - Acções Integradas Luso-Alemãs/DAAD-GRIC” grant D/07/13644.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hierarchical imaging: a new concept for targeted imaging of large volumes from cells to tissues

Background: Imaging large volumes such as entire cells or small model organisms at nanoscale resolution seemed an unrealistic, rather tedious task so far. Now, technical advances have lead to several electron microscopy (EM) large volume imaging techniques. One is array tomography, where ribbons of ultrathin serial sections are deposited on solid substrates like silicon wafers or glass coverslips. Results: To ensure reliable retrieval of multiple ribbons from the boat of a diamond knife we introduce a substrate holder with 7 axes of translation or rotation specifically designed for that purpose. With this device we are able to deposit hundreds of sections in an ordered way in an area of 22 × 22 mm, the size of a coverslip. Imaging such arrays in a standard wide field fluorescence microscope produces reconstructions with 200 nm lateral resolution and 100 nm (the section thickness) resolution in z. By hierarchical imaging cascades in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), using a new software platform, we can address volumes from single cells to complete organs. In our first example, a cell population isolated from zebrafish spleen, we characterize different cell types according to their organelle inventory by segmenting 3D reconstructions of complete cells imaged with nanoscale resolution. In addition, by screening large numbers of cells at decreased resolution we can define the percentage at which different cell types are present in our preparation. With the second example, the root tip of cress, we illustrate how combining information from intermediate resolution data with high resolution data from selected regions of interest can drastically reduce the amount of data that has to be recorded. By imaging only the interesting parts of a sample considerably less data need to be stored, handled and eventually analysed. Conclusions: Our custom-designed substrate holder allows reproducible generation of section libraries, which can then be imaged in a hierarchical way. We demonstrate, that EM volume data at different levels of resolution can yield comprehensive information, including statistics, morphology and organization of cells and tissue. We predict, that hierarchical imaging will be a first step in tackling the big data issue inevitably connected with volume EM

Deconstructing 3D Structured Materials by Modern Ultramicrotomy for Multimodal Imaging and Volume Analysis across Length Scales

Based on the rapid advances in additive manufacturing, micro-patterned heterostructures of soft materials have become available that need to be characterized down to the nanoscale. Advanced function-structure relationships are designed by direct 3D structuring of the object and – in the future – fine control over material functionality in 3D will produce complex functional objects. To control their design, fabrication and final structure, morphological and spectroscopical imaging in 3D at nanometer resolution are critically required. With examples of carbon-based objects, it is demonstrated how serial ultramicrotomy, that is, cutting a large number of successive ultrathin sections, can be utilized to gain access to the interior of 3D objects. Array tomography, hierarchical imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy can bridge length scales over several orders of magnitude and provide multimodal information of the sample\u27s inner structure. Morphology data derived from scanning electron microscopy are correlated with spectroscopy in analytical transmission electron microscopy and probe microscopy at nanometer resolution, using TEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy and infrared-scanning-near-field microscopy. The correlation of different imaging modalities and spectroscopy of carbon-based materials in 3D provides a powerful toolbox of complementary techniques for understanding emerging functions from nanoscopic structuring

Searches at HERA for Squarks in R-Parity Violating Supersymmetry

A search for squarks in R-parity violating supersymmetry is performed in e^+p collisions at HERA at a centre of mass energy of 300 GeV, using H1 data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb^(-1). The direct production of single squarks of any generation in positron-quark fusion via a Yukawa coupling lambda' is considered, taking into account R-parity violating and conserving decays of the squarks. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is found. The results are interpreted in terms of constraints within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the constrained MSSM and the minimal Supergravity model, and their sensitivity to the model parameters is studied in detail. For a Yukawa coupling of electromagnetic strength, squark masses below 260 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in a large part of the parameter space. For a 100 times smaller coupling strength masses up to 182 GeV are excluded.Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures, 3 table