ニアネット成形部品の仕上げ加工のための熱モニタリングに関する研究

The objective of this research is to investigate an appropriate monitoring method to secure the accuracy of finish machining. The development of complex 3-dimensional shape products for industrial applications has been one main goal for manufacturing industries over the last few decades. Conventional processes such as injection molding, forging, and casting and assembly technologies are typical processes that have contributed to achieve mass production. Recently, various small-lot near-net shape production methods such as additive manufacturing, thin-wall casting, and incremental forming are proposed and become common in industry. Because these near-net shape parts are often complex shape, these parts are finished by manual operation. Therefore, a systematic finish machining method for complex 3-dimentional parts for small-lot production is eagerly desired. Because end-milling has advantages like efficiency, accuracy, and applicability to small-lot production, this technology is very widespread application in aerospace, automobile and other manufacturers. Therefore, end-milling is expected as a promising machining method to finish machining of near net shape parts. However, accuracy assurance of end-milling has not achieved. Especially, thermal monitoring in process has not been caught easily by traditional detect method, such as thermocouple measurement system or thermography technology. Heat generation and heat transfer characteristics in the cutting process are strongly affected by each machining case. As a modern technology, finite element simulation can be used to reproduce the machining process. It can be used to study the stress, strain, temperature distribution, chip breakage, friction, and heat generation characteristics of the cutting area which is difficult to be observed in processing. In this thesis, the combination method of local temperature measurement and finite element simulation is used to investigate the estimation of temperature distribution in machining process. The main contents are as follows, Firstly, trends of recent production are summarized as a background of this research. Roles of monitoring in information driven and connected production are explained. Moreover, related researches about thermal analysis in end-milling, measurement technology development, FEM analysis, and combination of measurement and simulation are surveyed. Secondly, a framework for temperature measurement is proposed. Based on considerations of process variety, a concept of measurement point evaluation is explained. This research presents a method to evaluate an effectiveness of each measuring points from aspects of stability of measurement and sensitivity to the process variation. Thirdly, developed systems to evaluate the proposed framework are explained. A thermal analysis method of end-milling is explained, and details of developed simulation system are illustrated. Developed 3D finite element (FE) models are constructed based on commercial FE software to simulate the macroscopic workpiece behavior. After discussing a representation method of process variation, evaluation procedures of measurable points are illustrated. The proposed evaluation method of measuring points is evaluated based on the case studies. Lastly, conclusion of dissertation is described.本研究は、近年普及している小ロットニアネット成形部品の仕上げ加工において精度保証を実現するためのモニタリング方法について検討したものである。複雑な3次元形状製品の開発は、ここ数十年にわたり製造業の主要な目標の1つである。射出成形、鍛造、鋳造と組立技術といった従来から広く用いられている加工工程は、大量生産において高効率かつ低コストでの生産を実現してきた。近年では、アディティブ製造、薄肉鋳造、インクリメンタルフォーミングなどの様々な小ロットニアネットシェイプ成形技術が提案され、普及が進んでいる。これらのニアネットシェイプ成形された部品は、複雑な形状になっていることが多いため、これらの部品の仕上げ加工は手作業でなされることが多い。手作業での仕上げは、ばらつきや形状誤差の原因となるため、小ロット生産でも対応可能な複雑な3次元部品の系統的な仕上げ加工方法が切望されている。エンドミル加工は、効率、精度、小ロット生産への適用性などの利点を有するため、航空宇宙産業や自動車産業をはじめとする一般の製造業において広く利用されている。したがって、ニアネットシェイプ部品の仕上げ加工方法として、エンドミル加工が期待されている。しかし、エンドミル加工においても精度保証は達成されてない。特に、熱電対測定システムやサーモグラフィ技術などの従来の検出方法では、プロセス中の熱モニタリングが困難であり加工誤差を制御できないことが大きな問題となっている。切削加工における発熱および熱伝達特性は、具体的な切削加工プロセスに強く影響することから個別的な対応が必要となる。現在では、有限要素シミュレーションを使用することで標準的な機械加工プロセスをシミュレートすることが可能となっているものの、個別作業におけるばらつきへの対応は困難である。本研究では、局所的な温度測定と有限要素シミュレーションを組み合わせることで、切削加工における温度分布の推定を検討した。本論文の主な内容は次のとおりである。まず、本研究の背景として最近の生産動向を整理した。特に、広くネットワーク結合された情報駆動型の生産における監視の役割について詳しく説明した次に、本研究で提案する熱モニタリングの枠組みについて説明した。加工プロセスにおける変動要因を考慮し、測定点評価の概念を説明する。本研究では、測定の安定性とプロセスばらつきに対する感度の観点から各測定点の有効性を評価する方法を提案した。続いて、提案された枠組みを評価するために開発したシステムについて説明した。特に、エンドミル加工の熱解析手法について説明し、開発したシミュレーションシステムの詳細を示した。開発された3D有限要素（FE）モデルは、商業FEソフトウェアをもとに構築され、マクロ的な工作物の挙動をシミュレートが可能である。さらに、加工変動モデルとFEシミュレーションを組み合わせた温度測定点評価システムについて説明した。そして、エンドミル加工事例に対する検討をもとに、構築したシステムの評価が妥当であり、提案した手法による計測点評価が有用であることを示した。室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士（工学

Quantitative and functional post-translational modification proteomics reveals that TREPH1 plays a role in plant thigmomorphogenesis

Plants can sense both intracellular and extracellular mechanical forces and can respond through morphological changes. The signaling components responsible for mechanotransduction of the touch response are largely unknown. Here, we performed a high-throughput SILIA (stable isotope labeling in Arabidopsis)-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to profile changes in protein phosphorylation resulting from 40 seconds of force stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 24 touch-responsive phosphopeptides identified, many were derived from kinases, phosphatases, cytoskeleton proteins, membrane proteins and ion transporters. TOUCH-REGULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN1 (TREPH1) and MAP KINASE KINASE 2 (MKK2) and/or MKK1 became rapidly phosphorylated in touch-stimulated plants. Both TREPH1 and MKK2 are required for touch-induced delayed flowering, a major component of thigmomorphogenesis. The treph1-1 and mkk2 mutants also exhibited defects in touch-inducible gene expression. A non-phosphorylatable site-specific isoform of TREPH1 (S625A) failed to restore touch-induced flowering delay of treph1-1, indicating the necessity of S625 for TREPH1 function and providing evidence consistent with the possible functional relevance of the touch-regulated TREPH1 phosphorylation. Bioinformatic analysis and biochemical subcellular fractionation of TREPH1 protein indicate that it is a soluble protein. Altogether, these findings identify new protein players in Arabidopsis thigmomorphogenesis regulation, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may play a critical role in plant force responses

A Framework of Accuracy Assured Machining for Smart Manufacturing

This paper presents a framework of accuracy assured machining which enables information driven manufacturing. As a framework of accuracy assured machining, a closed loop machining operation is proposed based on four fundamental functions. They are physics conscious operation planning, intelligent monitoring, on-machine shape measurement and error source estimation and determination of re-machining strategy. Last three functions are essential in accuracy assured machining. As a preliminary development of the accuracy assured machining, a method to achieve a rapid and accurate on-machine shape measurement is also explained.特集 : The Papers Presented at the Symposium on Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, and Robotics 2015 (MIER2015) held at Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan on 29 - 30 May 201

Dynamic Gaussian Mixture based Deep Generative Model For Robust Forecasting on Sparse Multivariate Time Series

Forecasting on sparse multivariate time series (MTS) aims to model the predictors of future values of time series given their incomplete past, which is important for many emerging applications. However, most existing methods process MTS's individually, and do not leverage the dynamic distributions underlying the MTS's, leading to sub-optimal results when the sparsity is high. To address this challenge, we propose a novel generative model, which tracks the transition of latent clusters, instead of isolated feature representations, to achieve robust modeling. It is characterized by a newly designed dynamic Gaussian mixture distribution, which captures the dynamics of clustering structures, and is used for emitting timeseries. The generative model is parameterized by neural networks. A structured inference network is also designed for enabling inductive analysis. A gating mechanism is further introduced to dynamically tune the Gaussian mixture distributions. Extensive experimental results on a variety of real-life datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Comment: This paper is accepted by AAAI 202

Screening Quality Markers of Regulating Lipid Metabolism Activity of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee Based on Spectral Effect Relationship

Objective: The study was designed to test solvent extracts of Rubus suavissimus (RS) for compounds that regulate lipid metabolism and to measure their relative activity as quantitative markers of lipid metabolism-regulating activities based on the spectrum-effect relationship. Method: RS was extracted with 95% ethanol, the different extraction parts were successively extracted with petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. The solution of different extraction parts was applied to the induced differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and the oil red O staining and triglyceride release from the cells were determined to screen the best metabolism-regulating site. Analysis of different extraction sited by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique to separate and identify the components. Based on specific assays, image intensity analysis, grey correlation and partial least squares regressions, the spectrum-effect relationship of the most abundant active components and their ability to regulate lipid metabolism were determined, and the quality markers were screened. Results: Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extraction site was the best metabolism-regulating site. Four components, including ellagic acid, centaurin-3-O-rutinoside, rubusoside and enantio-kauri-16-ene-19-carboxylic acid-13-O-β-D-glucoside were highly associated with metabolism-regulating effects. It could be used as quality markers for regulating lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Investigation of the quality markers of RS extracts based on the spectrum-effect relationship is of great importance for elucidating the pharmacodynamics, screening the core quality markers for therapeutic activity, and ensuring the safety and rational application of traditional medicines

Adsorption of methylene blue onto clay/carbon composite : kinetics and isotherms study

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : All relevant data are included in the paper or its Supplementary Information.Please read abstract in the article.The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province , the Key Projects of Scientific and Technological Collaborative Innovation of Zhengzhou City and the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology.https://iwaponline.com/wpthj2024Chemical EngineeringSDG-06:Clean water and sanitationSDG-12:Responsible consumption and productio

New haptic syringe device for virtual angiography training

Angiography is an important minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in endovascular interventions. Effective training for the procedure is expensive, time consuming and resource demanding. Realistic simulation has become a viable solution to addressing such challenges. However, much of previous work has been focused on software issues. In this paper, we present a novel hardware system-an interactive syringe device with haptics as an add-on hardware component to 3D VR angiography training simulator. Connected to a realistic 3D computer simulation environment, the hardware component provides injection haptic feedback effects for medical training. First, we present the design of corresponding novel electronic units consisting of many design modules. Second, we describe a curve fitting method to estimate injection dosage and injection speed of the contrast media based on voltage variation between the potentiometer to increase the realism of the simulated training. A stepper motor control method is developed to imitate the coronary pressure for force feedback of syringe. Experimental results show that the validity and feasibility of the new haptic syringe device for achieving good diffusion effects of contrast media in the simulation system. A user study experiment with medical doctors to assess the efficacy and realism of proposed simulator shows good outcomes

PGC-1α Inhibits Oleic Acid Induced Proliferation and Migration of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

BACKGROUND: Oleic acid (OA) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. The precise mechanism is still unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) on OA-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Oleate and palmitate, the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid in plasma, respectively, differently affect the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1alpha in VSMCs. OA treatment resulted in a reduction of PGC-1alpha expression, which may be responsible for the increase in VSMC proliferation and migration caused by this fatty acid. In fact, overexpression of PGC-1alpha prevented OA-induced VSMC proliferation and migration while suppression of PGC-1alpha by siRNA enhanced the effects of OA. In contrast, palmitic acid (PA) treatment led to opposite effects. This saturated fatty acid induced PGC-1alpha expression and prevented OA-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the effects of PGC-1alpha on VSMC proliferation and migration result from its capacity to prevent ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: OA and PA regulate PGC-1alpha expression in VSMCs differentially. OA stimulates VSMC proliferation and migration via suppression of PGC-1alpha expression while PA reverses the effects of OA by inducing PGC-1alpha expression. Upregulation of PGC-1alpha in VSMCs provides a potential novel strategy in preventing atherosclerosis

Heading Estimation for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Based on Robust Adaptive Kalman Filtering

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) using smart phone-embedded micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors plays a key role in ubiquitous localization indoors and outdoors. However, as a relative localization method, it suffers from the problem of error accumulation which prevents it from long term independent running. Heading estimation error is one of the main location error sources, and therefore, in order to improve the location tracking performance of the PDR method in complex environments, an approach based on robust adaptive Kalman filtering (RAKF) for estimating accurate headings is proposed. In our approach, outputs from gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer sensors are fused using the solution of Kalman filtering (KF) that the heading measurements derived from accelerations and magnetic field data are used to correct the states integrated from angular rates. In order to identify and control measurement outliers, a maximum likelihood-type estimator (M-estimator)-based model is used. Moreover, an adaptive factor is applied to resist the negative effects of state model disturbances. Extensive experiments under static and dynamic conditions were conducted in indoor environments. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach provides more accurate heading estimates and supports more robust and dynamic adaptive location tracking, compared with methods based on conventional KF