Complex Personhood as the Context for Intimate Partner Victimization: One American Indian Woman\u27s Story

This qualitative case study explores one American Indian (AI) woman’s experience of intimate partner violence and the subsequent murder of her abusive partner. The lens of complex personhood (Gordon, 1997) has been applied as a method for understanding “Annie’s” multiple identities of AI woman, victim of intimate partner violence, mother, and convicted felon. The aim of the current case study was to uncover implicit and explicit meanings embedded in the experiences of moving from a victim of IPV to an off ender by applying a framework of hermeneutic phenomenology as the methodology. Three relational themes emerged from the interview data: “Getting out of Hand,” “They’re in my Footstep all the Way Now,” and “What’s a Miranda Right”? Lastly, this article begins an exploration into the complex link between victimization and off ending as it applies to one battered woma

Kemampuan Menemukan Ide Pokok Paragraf Berbagai Jenis Wacana dalam Naskah Soalujian Nasional oleh Siswa Kelas IX Smpswasta Bandung Sumaterautara Tahun Pembelajaran2017/2018

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan menemukan ide pokok paragraf siswa kelas IX SMP Swasta Bandung Sumatera Utara tahun pembelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan menemukan ide pokok paragraf siswa kelas IX SMP Swasta Bandung Sumatera Utara tahun pembelajaran 2017/2018. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini dengan jumlah 78 siswa yang tersebar dalam 3 kelas. Sampel penelitian diambil dari keseluruhan jumlah populasi yaitu 78 siswa. Pengumpulan data melalui tes objektif yang berbentuk pilihan berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan menemukan ide pokok paragraf dalam kategori baik dengan rata-rata 70,51. Kelemahan siswa dalam menemukan ide pokok paragraf terletak pada aspek menemukan ide pokok pada wacana argumentasi yang tergolong kurang dengan rata-rata 54, sedangkan skor rata-rata tertinggi terletak pada aspek kemampuan menemukan ide pokok paragraf pada wacana deskripsi dengan rata-rata 84,2 tergolong baik sekali

RAB25 expression is epigenetically downregulated in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis

Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have a low survival rate, mainly due to metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. For optimal treatment of these metastases, a neck dissection is required; however, inaccurate detection methods results in under- and over-treatment. New DNA prognostic methylation biomarkers might improve lymph node metastases detection. To identify epigenetically regulated genes associated with lymph node metastases, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 6 OOSCC with (pN+) and 6 OOSCC without (pN0) lymph node metastases and combined with a gene expression signature predictive for pN+ status in OOSCC. Selected genes were validated using an independent OOSCC cohort by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, and on data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A two-step statistical selection of differentially methylated sequences revealed 14 genes with increased methylation status and mRNA downregulation in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25, a known tumor suppressor gene, was the highest-ranking gene in the discovery set. In the validation sets, both RAB25 mRNA (P = 0.015) and protein levels (P = 0.012) were lower in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with RAB25 methylation levels (P < 0.001) but RAB25 protein expression was not. Our data revealed that promoter methylation is a mechanism resulting in downregulation of RAB25 expression in pN+ OOSCC and decreased expression is associated with lymph node metastasis. Detection of RAB25 methylation might contribute to lymph node metastasis diagnosis and serve as a potential new therapeutic target in OOSCC

Identification of a methylation panel as an alternative triage to detect CIN3+ in hrHPV-positive self-samples from the population-based cervical cancer screening programme

Background: The Dutch population-based cervical cancer screening programme (PBS) consists of primary high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) testing with cytology as triage test. In addition to cervical scraping by a general practitioner (GP), women are offered self-sampling to increase participation. Because cytological examination on self-sampled material is not feasible, collection of cervical samples from hrHPV-positive women by a GP is required. This study aims to design a methylation marker panel to detect CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) in hrHPV-positive self-samples from the Dutch PBS as an alternative triage test for cytology.Methods: Fifteen individual host DNA methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity for CIN3+ were selected from literature and analysed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) on DNA from hrHPV-positive self-samples from 208 women with CIN2 or less (&lt; CIN2) and 96 women with CIN3+. Diagnostic performance was determined by area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Self-samples were divided into a train and test set. Hierarchical clustering analysis to identify input methylation markers, followed by model-based recursive partitioning and robustness analysis to construct a predictive model, was applied to design the best marker panel.Results: QMSP analysis of the 15 individual methylation markers showed discriminative DNA methylation levels between &lt; CIN2 and CIN3+ for all markers (p &lt; 0.05). The diagnostic performance analysis for CIN3+ showed an AUC of ≥ 0.7 (p &lt; 0.001) for nine markers. Hierarchical clustering analysis resulted in seven clusters with methylation markers with similar methylation patterns (Spearman correlation&gt; 0.5). Decision tree modeling revealed the best and most robust panel to contain ANKRD18CP, LHX8 and EPB41L3 with an AUC of 0.83 in the training set and 0.84 in the test set. Sensitivity to detect CIN3+ was 82% in the training set and 84% in the test set, with a specificity of 74% and 71%, respectively. Furthermore, all cancer cases (n = 5) were identified.Conclusion: The combination of ANKRD18CP, LHX8 and EPB41L3 revealed good diagnostic performance in real-life self-sampled material. This panel shows clinical applicability to replace cytology in women using self-sampling in the Dutch PBS programme and avoids the extra GP visit after a hrHPV-positive self-sampling test.</p

Telomere length in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation

High-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) may accelerate telomere length loss in haematopoietic stem cells. As data including pre-and post-treatment samples are lacking, we studied leukocyte telomere length and telomerase activity before and after treatment in breast cancer patients randomized to receive 5 adjuvant courses FEC (5-FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) (n= 17), or 4 × FEC followed by high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin and autologous PBSCT (n= 16). Haemoglobin, MCV, leukocyte-and platelet numbers were assessed prior to (t0), 5 months after (t1) and 9 months after chemotherapy (t2); these parameters were decreased at t1 and t2 compared to t0(high-dose: all parameters; standard-dose: leukocytes and platelets), and all parameters were lower after high-dose than standard-dose treatment at t1. Paired individual leukocyte samples of t0 and t1 showed telomere length change (determined by telomere restricted fragment (TRF) assay) ranging from +0.8 to –2.2 kb, with a decreased TRF length in 9 patients of both groups. Telomerase activity (determined by TRAP assay) was below detection limit in leukocyte samples of t0 and t1. Thus, standard-and high-dose chemotherapy negatively affect haematological reconstitution in this setting. In individual patients, telomere length can be remarkably changed following haematological proliferative stress after treatment. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.co

Comprehensive Functional Analyses of Expressed Sequence Tags in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

About 1 million expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences comprising 125.3 Mb nucleotides were accreted from 51 cDNA libraries constructed from a variety of tissues and organs under a range of conditions, including abiotic stresses and pathogen challenges in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Expressed sequence tags were assembled with stringent parameters after processing with inbuild scripts, resulting in 37 138 contigs and 215 199 singlets. In the assembled sequences, 10.6% presented no matches with existing sequences in public databases. Functional characterization of wheat unigenes by gene ontology annotation, mining transcription factors, full-length cDNA, and miRNA targeting sites were carried out. A bioinformatics strategy was developed to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within our large EST resource and reported the SNPs between and within (homoeologous) cultivars. Digital gene expression was performed to find the tissue-specific gene expression, and correspondence analysis was executed to identify common and specific gene expression by selecting four biotic stress-related libraries. The assembly and associated information cater a framework for future investigation in functional genomics

Telomerase activity as an adjunct to high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 and cytology screening in cervical cancer

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein comprising an RNA template, the telomerase-associated protein and its catalytic subunit, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Telomerase activation is a critical step in cellular immortalisation and development of cancer. Enhanced telomerase activity has been demonstrated in cervical cancer. In the present study telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression were evaluated and correlated with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytological changes in the cervical lesions. Telomerase activity was assayed by telomeric repeat amplification protocol, hTERT mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and presence of high risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 154 cervical samples of different cytology, 90 (58.44%) were positive for HR-HPV types 16/18, while among 55 normal cervical scrapes, 10 (18.18%) were HPV DNA positive. All 59 invasive cancer samples showed a very high telomerase activity. Among dysplasia, seven (63.6%) mild dysplasia, 18 (100%) of moderate, 20 (100%) of severe dysplasia and 6 (100%) carcinoma in situ (CIS) samples were positive with mild to moderate to high to very high telomerase activity respectively. Seven (12.7%) samples of apparently normal cervical scrapes were weakly positive for telomerase activity. We observed a good correlation (P<0.001) between telomerase activity and HR-HPV 16/18 positivity with a sensitivity of 88.1% for HPV and 100% for telomerase activity. It is suggested that telomerase activity may be used as an adjunct to cytology and HPV DNA testing in triaging women with cervical lesions

The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 mediates radiosensitivity in head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: For locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), the recurrence rate after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy is between 20 and 40%, and the 5- year overall survival rate is similar to 50%. Presently, no markers exist to accurately predict treatment outcome. Expression of proteins in the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been reported as a prognostic marker in several types of cancer. METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of proteins in the EGFR pathway in HNSCC. For this purpose, we collected surgically resected tissue of 140 locally advanced head and neck cancer patients, all treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: In a multivariate analysis, expression of the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was significantly related to worse locoregional control (LRC; HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6; P = 0.03), independent of lymph node metastases (HR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.2-27.4; P = 0.03) and extranodal spread (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2- 6.5; P = 0.02). In vitro clonogenic radiosensitivity assays confirmed that overexpression of PTEN resulted in increased radioresistance. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first report showing that expression of PTEN mediates radiosensitivity in vitro and that increased expression in advanced HNSCC predicts worse LRC. British Journal of Cancer (2010) 102, 1778-1785. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605707 www.bjcancer.com Published online 25 May 2010 (C) 2010 Cancer Research U