The Correlation between Physiological and Structural Alterations Induced by Copper and Cadmium Stress in Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.)

Physiological and structural alterations in broad beans (Vicia faba cv. Giza Blanka) in response to 10-5 M CuSO4, 10-6 M CdSO4 and a mixture of both solutions were recorded in 15- and 25-day-old plants. These treatments caused significant reductions in shoot height, leaflet area, fresh and dry weights, stomatal frequency, cell area in abaxial epidermis of leaflets, length and width of stomatal guard cells, size of parenchyma in all seedling organs, diameter of metaxylemvessels, concentration of photosynthetic pigments (Chl-a, chl-b, carotenoids), photosynthetic activity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POX, SOD), as well as a major re-shuffle of the protein patterns. Treatments causing reductions in these parameters were mostly in theorder: Cu+Cd > Cu > Cd. The disappearance of a 25-kDa polypeptide by all heavy metal treatments seems to suggest that they reduce cell enlargement and/or the synthesis of the heavymetal- binding phytochelatins (PCs) through inactivation of á-expansin and/or a phytochelatin synthase (each with MM 25 kDa), respectively. The outcome of reductions in stomatal frequency, size, leaflet area, efficiency of narrower xylem vessels, and photosynthetic pigmentsis a significant decrease in photosynthetic activity and, consequently, the observed reductions in growth criteria

Ecological Studies of Epiphytic Diatom on Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyta) thallus Cultivated in Horizontal Floating Cage

Epiphytic diatoms are phytoplankton groups commonly attached to substrates such as macroalgae. This study analyzes the community structure and diversity of epiphyte diatoms attached to Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated using the horizontal floating cage method. Six thalli of E. denticulatum propagules were taken randomly from each station. The samples were analyzed and identified in the laboratory. The research results clarified that epiphytic diatom composition consisted of 3 classes, two orders, 38 genera, and 79 species. The three classes that have been found include class Coscinodiscophyceae (10 genera) with percentages ranging between 8-34%, class Fragillaryophyceae (12 genera) with percentages ranging between 34-46%, and class Bacillariophyceae (16 genera) with percentages ranging between 26-46%. The uniformity index was 0.8287-0.9286, which is considered relatively high. The dominance species index was 0.0644-0.2055, categorized as low. Fluctuations in water's physical and chemical factors have no significant effect on the growth of diatom epiphytes in the thallus of E. denticulatum

TINGKAT PARTISIPASI PENGELOLAAN DAN ANALISIS FINANSIAL HUTAN RAKYAT DENGAN SISTEM TUNDA TEBANG DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This study aims to determine the mechanism, level of participation, financial analysis in following the delayed logging program in community forests. The research was located in the community forests of Watudemba and Ulu Lakara villages, Konawe Selatan District from April to May 2018. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, direct communication with 16 respondents and bibliographical studies. n addition, measurements were made by making 17 sample plots of teak stands (Tectona grandis L.f). The data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that: 1) The delay logging program mechanism consists of three stages, namely agreeing and signing a pending felling program agreement, distribution and loan repayment. 2) While the level of community participation in participating in the delayed cutting program at the planning stage (moderate-high, 81.25%), organizing (moderate-high, 68, 75%), implementation (moderate-high, 81.25%), as well as supervision and evaluation (moderate-high, 56.25%). 3) NPV value obtained is Rp. 266,811,200,-; BCR value obtained was 5.29; and the IRR value obtained by 37% over the age of the analysis of twenty years.

Tonsillar ectopia in idiopathic scoliosis: does it play a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis or is it only an incidental finding?

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing controversy about the significance of tonsillar ectopia among patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). AIM: To find out if tonsillar ectopia occurs more frequently among patients with IS and if it plays any etiological or prognostic role in IS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 155 consecutive spine MRIs (79 patients with IS and 76 controls; aged 7-25 years; 55% were female) with regard to the position of the cerebellar tonsils in relation to foramen magnum and the sagittal diameter of foramen magnum. All images were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability analysis was performed by calculation of kappa-value, intraclass correlation coefficient, and systematic and random errors. The occurrence of tonsillar ectopia among patients with IS and controls was estimated and the association of tonsillar ectopia with different predictors has been tested. Statistical significance was set to P </= 0.05. RESULTS: The interobserver and intraobserver agreement with regard to the occurrence of tonsillar ectopia was almost perfect (kappa 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Tonsillar ectopia was found in 37% of patients with IS compared with 13% among controls (p < 0.001 and odds ratio of 3.8, 95% CI 1.7-8.5). The occurrence of tonsillar ectopia was not associated with the severity of scoliotic deformity (p = 0.85), or rapid progression of scoliosis (p = 0.76). Neurological deficit occurs twice as frequently in patients with tonsillar ectopia as in those with no tonsillar ectopia. Two of five patients with tonsillar ectopia showed improvement of their neurological deficit after the surgical correction of scoliosis. CONCLUSION: As tonsillar ectopia is significantly more frequent among patients with IS and may exhibit some prognostic utility in patients with neurological deficit, we forward the hypothesis that tonsillar ectopia may play a role in the development of the deformity in some patients with IS. However, occurrence of tonsillar ectopia among 13% of controls precludes stating a definitive role of tonsillar ectopia in the pathogenesis of IS. Some patients with IS, tonsillar ectopia and neurological deficit showed neurological improvement following the surgical correction of scoliosis

Modeling of single mode optical fiber having a complicated refractive index profile by using modified scalar finite element method

A numerical method based on modified scalar finite element method (SC-FEM) is presented and programmed on MATLAB platform for optical fiber modeling purpose. We have estimated the dispersion graph, mode cut off condition, and group delay and waveguide dispersion for highly complicated chirped type refractive index profile fiber. The convergence study of our FEM formulation is carried out with respect to the number of division in core. It has been found that the numerical error becomes less than 2 % when the number of divisions in the core is more then 30. To predict the accurate waveguide dispersion characteristics, we need to compute expression (d^2 (Vb))/(dV^2 ) numerically by the FEM method. For that the normalized propagation constant b (in terms of β) should be an accurate enough up to around 6 decimal points. To achieve this target, we have used 1 million sampling points in our FEM simulations. Further to validate our results we have derived the higher order polynomial expression for each case. Comparison with other methods in calculation of normalized propagation constant is found to be satisfactory. In traditional FEM analysis a spurious solution is generated because the functional does not satisfy the boundary conditions in the original waveguide problem, However in our analysis a new term that compensate the missing boundary condition has been added in the functional to eliminate the spurious solutions. Our study will be useful for the analysis of optical fiber having varying refractive index profile

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is of clinical and public health importance as it is very common, affecting up to one in five women of reproductive age. It has significant and diverse clinical implications including reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism), metabolic (insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adverse cardiovascular risk profiles) and psychological features (increased anxiety, depression and worsened quality of life). Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous condition and, as such, clinical and research agendas are broad and involve many disciplines. The phenotype varies widely depending on life stage, genotype, ethnicity and environmental factors including lifestyle and bodyweight. Importantly, PCOS has unique interactions with the ever increasing obesity prevalence worldwide as obesity-induced insulin resistance significantly exacerbates all the features of PCOS. Furthermore, it has clinical implications across the lifespan and is relevant to related family members with an increased risk for metabolic conditions reported in first-degree relatives. Therapy should focus on both the short and long-term reproductive, metabolic and psychological features. Given the aetiological role of insulin resistance and the impact of obesity on both hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism, multidisciplinary lifestyle improvement aimed at normalising insulin resistance, improving androgen status and aiding weight management is recognised as a crucial initial treatment strategy. Modest weight loss of 5% to 10% of initial body weight has been demonstrated to improve many of the features of PCOS. Management should focus on support, education, addressing psychological factors and strongly emphasising healthy lifestyle with targeted medical therapy as required. Monitoring and management of long-term metabolic complications is also an important part of routine clinical care. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines are needed to aid early diagnosis, appropriate investigation, regular screening and treatment of this common condition. Whilst reproductive features of PCOS are well recognised and are covered here, this review focuses primarily on the less appreciated cardiometabolic and psychological features of PCOS

Implementasi Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Konsep “Satu Tungku Tiga Batu” di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Fakfak merupakan salah satu Madrasah di Kabupaten Fakfak yang  mengimplementasikan nilai pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan kearifan lokalnya yakni melalui konsep Satu Tungku Tiga Batu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam kearifan lokal Satu Tungku Tiga Batu di MIN 1 Fakfak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan  pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalaui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi kepada beberapa narasumber seperti kepala sekolah, guru dan peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kearifan Lokal “ Satu Tungku Tiga Batu”  memiliki nilai pendidikan karakter antara lain: nilai religius, nilai toleransi, nilai kerjasama, nilai semangat kebangsaan dan nilai cinta damai. Kelima nilai tersebut diimplementasikan dalam berbagai cara seperti kegiatan pembiasaan, bimbingan dan internalisasi nilai dari kearifan lokal tersebut. Beberapa contoh kegiatan pembiasaan  dikelas  seperti memulai pelajaran dengan membaca doa , menghafalkan asmaul husnah , kegiatan beribadah sholat duha berjamaah,  dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler pramuka. Para Guru  mengajarkan kepada peserta didik untuk saling menghargai dengan teman yang berbeda keyakinan seperti ikut kerja bakti dan membersihkan tempat ibadah yang sedang melaksanakan perayaan hari besar keaagamaan. Implementasi nilai nilai pendidikan karakter tersebut ditanamkan sejak dini sebagai  bentuk  merawat keharmonisan kehidupan beragama yang berbeda dan masyarakat yang multikultural dengan pendekatan kearifan lokalnya. Konsep ini tidak hanya menjadi landasan pembelajaran di MIN Fakfak, tetapi juga menjadi fondasi untuk membangun harmoni dan persatuan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari merek

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM DALAM AIR LIMBAH LAUNDRY DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Air limbah laundry merupakan salah satu limbah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan hingga berdampak buruk bagi makhluk hidup. Hal tersebut dikarenakan usaha laundry menggunakan deterjen yang di dalamnya terkandung surfaktan dan zat lainnya yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam besi (Fe), nitrat, nitrit, sulfat, fosfat, dan sianida yang terkandung pada air limbah laundry dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Sampel air limbah air laundry diperoleh dari home industry laundry, yaitu Naya Laundry yang terletak di Toto Utara, Kec. Tilong Kabila, Kab. Bone Bolango, Gorontalo. Sampel yang diambil kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium kimia analitik Universitas Negeri Gorontalo untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tahap awal yaitu penyaringan, kemudian uji suhu, pH dan DO sampel. Kemudian dilakukan pembuatan larutan baku untuk uji besi (Fe), nitrat, dan nitrit serta dilakukan pembuatan larutan untuk penetapan kandungan besi (Fe), nitrat, nitrit, fosfat, sulfat, dan sianida pada sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kandungan logan besi (Fe), nitrat, nitrit, fosfat, sulfat, dan sianida pada sampel berturut-turut yaitu: 10 mg/L, 0,8 mg/L, 1,1 mg/L, 0,001 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L