Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning

Synthesis, structure and electrical properties of the two-dimensional organic conductor, (BEDT-TTF)2BrI2

Single crystals of α-(BEDT-TTF)2BrI2 and β-(BEDT-TTF)2BrI2 were prepared using standard electrochemical techniques in nitrogen saturated benzonitrile using containing (n-C4H10)NBrI2 as supporting electrolyte. The crystals have nearly identical structure features of α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, except that the BrI−2 anions are disordered in α-(BEDT-TTF)2BrI2 and β-(BEDT-TTF)2BrI2. Their electrical behavior is different from the corresponding α-,β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 species

Cryorolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316 LN austenitic stainless steel

Abstract Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AISI 316 LN austenitic stainless steel (SS) after cryorolling with different strains were investigated by means of optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tester, and tensile testing system. The deformation-induced martensite transition and the deformation microstructure occurred during cryorolling process were always composed of high-density dislocations, deformation twins, and deformation-induced martensites. Following the strain, the dislocation density in deformation microstructure approached saturation state and the volume fraction of deformation twins combined with deformation-induced martensites increased significantly. At the 70% strain, original austenite was transformed into martensite completely. Further increasing the strain to 90% would refine the martensitic lamellae to nanoscale. The deformation degree also led to remarkable increase of the strength and hardness of the cryorolled SS, and drastic reductions of the elongation. Due to the cryorolling, the tensile fracture morphology changed from typical ductile rupture to a mixture of quasi-cleavage and ductile fracture

P1‐416: Use of an Alzheimer’s Disease‐Related Hypometabolic Convergence Index to Predict Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Dementia

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152809/1/alzjjalz201005971.pd

Metallic Muscles at Work:High Rate Actuation in Nanoporous Gold/Polyaniline Composites

<p>Metallic muscles made of nanoporous metals suffer from serious drawbacks caused by the usage of an aqueous electrolyte for actuation. An aqueous electrolyte prohibits metallic muscles from operating in dry environments and hampers a high actuation rate due to the low ionic conductivity of electrolytes. In addition, redox reactions involved in electrochemical actuation severely coarsen the ligaments of nanoporous metals, leading to a substantial loss in performance of the actuator. Here we present an electrolyte-free approach to put metallic muscles to work via a metal/polymer interface. A nanocoating of polyaniline doped with sulfuric acid was grown onto the ligaments of nanoporous gold. Dopant sulfate anions coadsorbed into the polymer coating matrix were exploited to tune the nanoporous metal surface stress and subsequently generate macroscopic dimensional changes in the metal. Strain rates achieved in the single-component nanoporous metal/polymer composite actuator are 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the standard three-component nanoporous metal/electrolyte hybrid actuator.</p>