Особенности немецкого языка переселенцев из бывшего СССР в Германии

Previous studies have suggested that murine peritoneal cavity-derived B-1a cells possess similarities with described regulatory B cell subsets. The aim of the current study was to examine the potential immunoregulatory function of peritoneal cavity-derived B(-1a) cells. In vitro activation of peritoneal cavity-derived B- and B-1a cells shows that activation of these B cells with anti-CD40 and LPS induces these cells to secrete more IL-10, IL-6 and IgM as compared to splenic B cells. In a suppression assay, CD40/TLR4-activated peritoneal cavity B cells possess regulatory B cell functions as they inhibit the capacity of CD4(+) T cells to produce both tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Splenic B cells did not show this, whereas non-activated peritoneal cavity B cells augmented the capacity of CD4(+) T cells to produce tumor necrosis factor-α, while the ability to produce interferon-γ was not altered. The current paper compares splenic B cells to peritoneal cavity B(-1a) cells in an in vitro activation- and an suppression-assay and concludes that peritoneal cavity B(-1a) cells possess properties that appear similar to splenic autoimmune-suppressive regulatory B cell subsets described in the literature

Orthogonalities and functional equations

In this survey we show how various notions of orthogonality appear in the theory of functional equations. After introducing some orthogonality relations, we give examples of functional equations postulated for orthogonal vectors only. We show their solutions as well as some applications. Then we discuss the problem of stability of some of them considering various aspects of the problem. In the sequel, we mention the orthogonality equation and the problem of preserving orthogonality. Last, but not least, in addition to presenting results, we state some open problems concerning these topics. Taking into account the big amount of results concerning functional equations postulated for orthogonal vectors which have appeared in the literature during the last decades, we restrict ourselves to the most classical equations

A very brief description of LOFAR - the Low Frequency Array

LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) is an innovative radio telescope optimized for the frequency range 30-240 MHz. The telescope is realized as a phased aperture array without any moving parts. Digital beam forming allows the telescope to point to any part of the sky within a second. Transient buffering makes retrospective imaging of explosive short-term events possible. The scientific focus of LOFAR will initially be on four key science projects (KSPs): 1) detection of the formation of the very first stars and galaxies in the universe during the so-called epoch of reionization by measuring the power spectrum of the neutral hydrogen 21-cm line (Shaver et al. 1999) on the ~5' scale; 2) low-frequency surveys of the sky with of order $10^8$ expected new sources; 3) all-sky monitoring and detection of transient radio sources such as gamma-ray bursts, x-ray binaries, and exo-planets (Farrell et al. 2004); and 4) radio detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos (Falcke & Gorham 2003) allowing for the first time access to particles beyond 10^21 eV (Scholten et al. 2006). Apart from the KSPs open access for smaller projects is also planned. Here we give a brief description of the telescope.Comment: 2 pages, IAU GA 2006, Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 14, K.A. van der Hucht, e

Improved Flow Cytometric Light Scatter Detection of Submicron-Sized Particles by Reduction of Optical Background Signals

Flow cytometry allows multiparameter analysis on a single-cell basis and is currently the method of choice to rapidly assess heterogeneity of cell populations in suspension. With the research field of extracellular vesicles (EV) rapidly expanding, there is an increased demand to address heterogeneity of EV populations in biological samples. Although flow cytometry would be the ideal technique to do so, the available instruments are in general not equipped to optimally detect the dim light scatter signals generated by submicron-sized particles like EV. Although sideward scatter light and fluorescence are currently used as a threshold signal to identify EV within samples, the forward scatter light (FSC) parameter is often neglected due to the lack of resolution to distinguish EV-related signals from noise. However, after optimization of FSC detection by adjusting the size of the obscuration bar, we recently showed that certain EV-subsets could only be identified based on FSC. This observation made us to further study the possibilities to enhance FSC-detection of submicron-sized particles. By testing differently sized obscuration bars and differently sized pinholes in the focal plane behind the FSC detection lens, we generated a matrix that allowed us to determine which combination resulted in the lowest optical background in terms of numbers of events regarding FSC detection of submicron-sized particles. We found that a combination of an 8-mm obscuration bar and a 200-μm pinhole reduced optical background in a reproducible manner to such extent that it allowed a robust separation of 100-nm polystyrene beads from background signals within the FSC channel, and even allowed thresholding on FSC without the interference of massive background signals when both beads and EV were measured. These technical adaptations thus significantly improved FSC detection of submicron-sized particles and provide an important lead for the further development and design of flow cytometers that aid in detection of submicron-sized particles. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

Features of Muon Arrival Time Distributions of High Energy EAS at Large Distances From the Shower Axis

In view of the current efforts to extend the KASCADE experiment (KASCADE-Grande) for observations of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) of primary energies up to 1 EeV, the features of muon arrival time distributions and their correlations with other observable EAS quantities have been scrutinised on basis of high-energy EAS, simulated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA and using in general the QGSJET model as generator. Methodically various correlations of adequately defined arrival time parameters with other EAS parameters have been investigated by invoking non-parametric methods for the analysis of multivariate distributions, studying the classification and misclassification probabilities of various observable sets. It turns out that adding the arrival time information and the multiplicity of muons spanning the observed time distributions has distinct effects improving the mass discrimination. A further outcome of the studies is the feature that for the considered ranges of primary energies and of distances from the shower axis the discrimination power of global arrival time distributions referring to the arrival time of the shower core is only marginally enhanced as compared to local distributions referring to the arrival of the locally first muon.Comment: 24 pages, Journal Physics G accepte

Experimental Bearing Capacity Determination of Bonded Rock Bolts

Import 26/02/2015Diplomová práce se zabývá únosností tmelených horninových svorníků a jejím experimentální stanovením. Tato práce analyzuje a poukazuje na možné způsoby porušení, které vznikají zatížením v těsné blízkosti svorníkové tyče a to především v prstenci tmele na kontaktech svorník – tmel a tmel – hornina. V teoretické části byl navržen způsob měření a stanovení pevnostních a deformačních charakteristik tahem zatížených tmelených svorníků napodobujících zatížení v kořenové délce svorníkové výztuže. V praktické části byly pak navržené postupy uskutečněny sérií laboratorních zkoušek. Výstupem z provedených zkoušek je pracovně-deformační charakteristika tmelené svorníkové výztuže zvoleného testovaného materiálu.The thesis focuses on the bearing capacity of bonded rock bolts and experimental determination of this capacity. Possible ways of failure, which is caused by the load near the rock bolt, especially in the circular ring of the grout and between the rock bolt - the grout and between the grout - the rock, are analysed. The theoretical part includes design of measuring and assessment of strength and deformation characteristics on drawn rock bolts as it simulates the load in the root length of bolt reinforcement. This theory was applied in the laboratory tests and presents the practical part of the thesis. In conclusion, the load - deformation characteristics of bonded rock bolt reinforcement made from chosen material are stated.224 - Katedra geotechniky a podzemního stavitelstvívýborn

Reactive Carbon from Life Support Wastes for Incinerator Flue Gas Cleanup - System Testing

This paper presents the results from a joint research initiative between NASA Ames Research Center and Lawrence Berkeley National lab. The objective of the research is to produce activated carbon from life support wastes and to use the activated carbon to adsorb and chemically reduce the NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} contained in incinerator flue gas. Inedible biomass waste from food production is the primary waste considered for conversion to activated carbon. Results to date show adsorption of both NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} in activated carbon made from biomass. Conversion of adsorbed NO{sub x} to nitrogen has also been observed