Prevalence of Mentoring on Clinical Versus Experimental Doctoral Programs: Survey Findings, Implications, and Recommendations

Previous research suggests that mentorships are quite important in the development of junior professionals in a range of fields, including psychology. Yet some evidence suggests that clinical doctoral students may be less frequently mentored by graduate faculty than other psychology doctoral students. Results of a survey of clinical and experimental psychology doctorates who earned the degree in four distinct time frames from 1945 to the present indicated that clinical PhDs (53%) were indeed less likely than experimental PhDs (69%) to be mentored. Potential explanations for this discrepancy include the nature of clinical training, diffusion in clinical training, and the advent of professional training models. The implications of less frequent mentoring for clinical doctorates are discussed, and several recommendations for addressing this phenomenon are offered

Spatial variation in small scale of soil wetness evaluated by different methods.

Evaluations of dielectric constants E and samplings for the determination of ø and bulk density þm were carried out in four profiles of a Xanthic Ferralsol with high clay content (Latossolo Amarelao - Brazil Classification) at the Experimental Statation of Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental (Manaus, AM, Brazil). The sample were taken near the soil surface. Three undisturbed core samples and three disturbed auger samples were collected at each depth. The E was determined in advance at six points with the probe inserted vertically and three points horizontally in each depth. Results and discussion on: a) volume evaluated and probe orientation; b) topsoil and subsoil measurements; c) soil characteristics; and d) accuracy of empirical equations for the determination of soil wetness are presented.bitstream/item/181061/1/ID-2600-2-69-76.pd

Field calibration of time domain reflectrometry in an Amazonian rainforest soil with variable bulk density: sources of error and influence of land-use.

bitstream/item/180974/1/ID-3848-67-82.pd

Bringing Analysis Closer to Data: Developing a Visualization Tool for L2 Earth Science Satellite Data

Earth Science satellite missions provide a unique opportunity for scientists to visualize complex and multifaceted observations projected geospatially across maps of the Earth. While visualization tools can help scientists comprehend, analyze, and share data, visualizing Level-2 Earth Sciences data poses its own specific set of challenges. Since the geospatial information in Level-2 data files is stored as independent variables, the plotting process involves matching dimensional information from latitude and longitude with a desired variable. Variables are stored in different ways across various Earth Science data file formats, which complicates the process of extracting data and plotting variables from a given file without requiring extensive user input and prerequisite familiarity with the file type variable structure. In coordination with NASAs Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC), the team developed a Level-2 Earth Science data visualization tool that aims to address some of the complexities associated with plotting Level-2 data. This tool offers command-line and user interface support for file and variable selection to accommodate varying use cases and degrees of user familiarity with the structure of a given file. The visualization tool is written in Python 3 and utilizes a modular approach to facilitate continued expansion and reuse. In addressing some common complications involved in plotting Level-2 Earth Sciences data, the tool aims to help to link the process of analysis more directly with data acquisition and visualization, bringing analysis closer to data across levels of processing

Calibração da técnica de Time Domain Reflectometry (TRD) para avaliação da umidade do solo, em um Latossolo Amarelo, textura muito argilosa, com diferentes valores de densidade aparente do solo - avaliação no campo.

Avaliação de umidade volumetrica do solo pela técnica de time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) para Latossolo Amarelo (Xanthic ferralsol - FAO) textura muito argilosa, com diferentes valores de p. Foram determinados os coeficientes de determinacao ajustada (R2) e o erro padrao da media. Realizou-se um ajuste por regressao multipla para P e E, selecionando-se as variaveis que contribuiam significativamente para o modelo por procedimentos de selecao stepwise. Como a variacao dos valores de p esta diretamente relacionada ao uso do solo (especie presente e o manejo praticado), foram observadas importantes diferencas entre as P das areas cultivadas e as da floresta primaria. Os valores reduzidos de P proxima as plantas de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) em relacao as outras especies cultivadas (cupuaçu, Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) e Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), e devido a uma elaborada trama de elevada massa de suas raizes na superficie do solo, nao permitindo haver espacos porosos. É importante o conhecimento das diferentes propriedadesdo solo que podem interferir na avaliacao de TDR, atraves dos quais e' possivel evitar ou controlar essas interferencias atraves da calibracao do campo.bitstream/item/180989/1/ID-3384-53-71.pdfAnnual Report 1996

Slow dynamics near glass transitions in thin polymer films

The $\alpha$-process (segmental motion) of thin polystyrene films supported on glass substrate has been investigated in a wider frequency range from 10$^{-3}$ Hz to 10$^4$ Hz using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and thermal expansion spectroscopy. The relaxation rate of the $\alpha$-process increases with decreasing film thickness at a given temperature above the glass transition. This increase in the relaxation rate with decreasing film thickness is much more enhanced near the glass transition temperature. The glass transition temperature determined as the temperature at which the relaxation time of the $\alpha$-process becomes a macroscopic time scale shows a distinct molecular weight dependence. It is also found that the Vogel temperature has the thickness dependence, i.e., the Vogel temperature decreases with decreasing film thickness. The expansion coefficient of the free volume $\alpha_f$ is extracted from the temperature dependence of the relaxation time within the free volume theory. The fragility index $m$ is also evaluated as a function of thickness. Both $\alpha_f$ and $m$ are found to decrease with decreasing film thickness.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 2 table

An Update on GPM and TRMM Data Services at NASA GES DISC

The Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) is home to data archives of the NASA-JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and other NASA missions and projects. To maximize the use of NASA data products in scientific research and applications as well as for societal benefits, we provide data and information services that make datasets easy to find and use through simplification of data access for users at all levels around the world. Over the years, user-friendly data services have been developed at GES DISC, including data subsetting, format conversion, online visualization and analysis (i.e. Giovanni), user support system, etc. We routinely analyze questions, feedback, and use cases from users and algorithm developers around the world as well as best practices and new technology to improve existing services and formulate new data services. Interaction between users and algorithm developers is an important process for identifying issues in products, collecting user requirements, and improving product quality and usability. Staff members regularly communicate with algorithm developers with user questions and concerns through conferences and workshops. We publish peer-reviewed papers and articles in major Earth science journals and book chapters to describe NASA global and regional precipitation datasets and services with examples. News articles about GPM and TRMM datasets associated with significant events are regularly posted in the GES DISC Web portal and social media. We also actively participate in training activities. In this presentation, we present our latest activities about GPM and TRMM data services, data/service metrics, and future plans at GES DISC

Limits of Life and the Habitability of Mars: The ESA Space Experiment BIOMEX on the ISS

BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) is an ESA/Roscosmos space exposure experiment housed within the exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 outside the Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). The design of the multiuser facility supports—among others—the BIOMEX investigations into the stability and level of degradation of space-exposed biosignatures such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and cell surfaces in contact with a terrestrial and Mars analog mineral environment. In parallel, analysis on the viability of the investigated organisms has provided relevant data for evaluation of the habitability of Mars, for the limits of life, and for the likelihood of an interplanetary transfer of life (theory of lithopanspermia). In this project, lichens, archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, snow/permafrost algae, meristematic black fungi, and bryophytes from alpine and polar habitats were embedded, grown, and cultured on a mixture of martian and lunar regolith analogs or other terrestrial minerals. The organisms and regolith analogs and terrestrial mineral mixtures were then exposed to space and to simulated Mars-like conditions by way of the EXPOSE-R2 facility. In this special issue, we present the first set of data obtained in reference to our investigation into the habitability of Mars and limits of life. This project was initiated and implemented by the BIOMEX group, an international and interdisciplinary consortium of 30 institutes in 12 countries on 3 continents. Preflight tests for sample selection, results from ground-based simulation experiments, and the space experiments themselves are presented and include a complete overview of the scientific processes required for this space experiment and postflight analysis. The presented BIOMEX concept could be scaled up to future exposure experiments on the Moon and will serve as a pretest in low Earth orbit

Instrumental methods and challenges in quantifying polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental extracts: a review

Increased interest in the fate, transport and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) over the past few years has led to a variety of studies reporting different methods of analysis for these persistent organic pollutants. Because PBDEs encompass a range of vapor pressures, molecular weights and degrees of bromine substitution, various analytical methods can lead to discrimination of some PBDE congeners. Recent improvements in injection techniques and mass spectrometer ionization methods have led to a variety of options to determine PBDEs in environmental samples. The purpose of this paper is therefore to review the available literature describing the advantages and disadvantages in choosing an injection technique, gas chromatography column and detector. Additional discussion is given to the challenges in measuring PBDEs, including potential chromatographic interferences and the lack of commercial standards for higher brominated congeners, which provides difficulties in examining degradation and debromination of BDE congeners, particularly for BDE 209