Chaotic asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the Lighthill Whitham Richards equation

[EN] The phenomenon of chaos has been exhibited in mathematical nonlinear models that describe traffic flows, see, for instance (Li and Gao in Modern Phys Lett B 18(26-27):1395-1402, 2004; Li in Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom 207(1-2):41-51, 2005). At microscopic level, Devaney chaos and distributional chaos have been exhibited for some car-following models, such as the quick-thinking-driver model and the forward and backward control model (Barrachina et al. in 2015; Conejero et al. in Semigroup Forum, 2015). We present here the existence of chaos for the macroscopic model given by the Lighthill Whitham Richards equation.The authors are supported by MEC Project MTM2013-47093-P. The second and third authors are supported by GVA, Project PROMETEOII/2013/013Conejero, JA.; Martínez Jiménez, F.; Peris Manguillot, A.; Ródenas Escribá, FDA. (2016). Chaotic asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the Lighthill Whitham Richards equation. Nonlinear Dynamics. 84(1):127-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-015-2245-4S127133841Albanese, A.A., Barrachina, X., Mangino, E.M., Peris, A.: Distributional chaos for strongly continuous semigroups of operators. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 12(5), 2069–2082 (2013)Aroza, J., Peris, A.: Chaotic behaviour of birth-and-death models with proliferation. J. Differ. Equ. Appl. 18(4), 647–655 (2012)Banasiak, J., Lachowicz, M.: Chaos for a class of linear kinetic models. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. II 329, 439–444 (2001)Banasiak, J., Lachowicz, M.: Topological chaos for birth-and-death-type models with proliferation. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 12(6), 755–775 (2002)Banasiak, J., Moszyński, M.: A generalization of Desch–Schappacher–Webb criteria for chaos. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12(5), 959–972 (2005)Banasiak, J., Moszyński, M.: Dynamics of birth-and-death processes with proliferation—stability and chaos. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 29(1), 67–79 (2011)Barrachina, X., Conejero, J.A.: Devaney chaos and distributional chaos in the solution of certain partial differential equations. Abstr. Appl. Anal. Art. ID 457019, 11 (2012)Barrachina, X., Conejero, J.A., Murillo-Arcila, M., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Distributional chaos for the forward and backward control traffic model (2015, preprint)Bayart, F., Matheron, É.: Dynamics of Linear Operators, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 179. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)Bayart, F., Matheron, É.: Mixing operators and small subsets of the circle. J Reine Angew. Math. (2015, to appear)Bermúdez, T., Bonilla, A., Conejero, J.A., Peris, A.: Hypercyclic, topologically mixing and chaotic semigroups on Banach spaces. Stud. Math. 170(1), 57–75 (2005)Bermúdez, T., Bonilla, A., Martínez-Giménez, F., Peris, A.: Li-Yorke and distributionally chaotic operators. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 373(1), 83–93 (2011)Bernardes Jr, N.C., Bonilla, A., Müller, V., Peris, A.: Distributional chaos for linear operators. J. Funct. Anal. 265(9), 2143–2163 (2013)Brackstone, M., McDonald, M.: Car-following: a historical review. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 2(4), 181–196 (1999)Conejero, J.A., Lizama, C., Rodenas, F.: Chaotic behaviour of the solutions of the Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 9(5), 1–6 (2015)Conejero, J.A., Mangino, E.M.: Hypercyclic semigroups generated by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators. Mediterr. J. Math. 7(1), 101–109 (2010)Conejero, J.A., Müller, V., Peris, A.: Hypercyclic behaviour of operators in a hypercyclic $$C_0$$ C 0 -semigroup. J. Funct. Anal. 244, 342–348 (2007)Conejero, J.A., Murillo-Arcila, M., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Linear chaos for the quick-thinking-driver model. Semigroup Forum (2015). doi: 10.1007/s00233-015-9704-6Conejero, J.A., Peris, A., Trujillo, M.: Chaotic asymptotic behavior of the hyperbolic heat transfer equation solutions. Int. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 20(9), 2943–2947 (2010)Conejero, J.A., Rodenas, F., Trujillo, M.: Chaos for the hyperbolic bioheat equation. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 35(2), 653–668 (2015)Desch, W., Schappacher, W., Webb, G.F.: Hypercyclic and chaotic semigroups of linear operators. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 17(4), 793–819 (1997)Engel, K.-J., Nagel, R.: One-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 194. Springer, New York (2000). With contributions by S. Brendle, M. Campiti, T. Hahn, G. Metafune, G. Nickel, D. Pallara, C. Perazzoli, A. Rhandi, S. Romanelli and R. SchnaubeltGrosse-Erdmann, K.-G., Peris Manguillot, A.: Linear Chaos. Universitext. Springer, London (2011)Herzog, G.: On a universality of the heat equation. Math. 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Development of Vaccines Against Burkholderia Pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium which is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease which carries a high mortality and morbidity rate in endemic areas of South East Asia and Northern Australia. At present there is no available human vaccine that protects against B. pseudomallei, and with the current limitations of antibiotic treatment, the development of new preventative and therapeutic interventions is crucial. This review considers the multiple elements of melioidosis vaccine research including: (i) the immune responses required for protective immunity, (ii) animal models available for preclinical testing of potential candidates, (iii) the different experimental vaccine strategies which are being pursued, and (iv) the obstacles and opportunities for eventual registration of a licensed vaccine in humans

Chaos for the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation

The Hyperbolic Heat Transfer Equation describes heat processes in which extremely short periods of time or extreme temperature gradients are involved. It is already known that there are solutions of this equation which exhibit a chaotic behaviour, in the sense of Devaney, on certain spaces of analytic functions with certain growth control. We show that this chaotic behaviour still appears when we add a source term to this equation, i.e. in the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation. These results can also be applied for the Wave Equation and for a higher order version of the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation.The authors are supported in part by MEC and FEDER, Projects MTM2010-14909 and MTM2013-47093-P.Conejero, JA.; Ródenas Escribá, FDA.; Trujillo Guillen, M. (2015). Chaos for the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series A. 35(2):653-668. doi:10.3934/dcds.2015.35.653S65366835

La poda en verde incrementa la productividad del agua en frutales de recolección temprana

Comunicación presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEn este trabajo se estudian los efectos de la poda en verde sobre el estado hídrico, la producción y calidad en frutales extratempranos. El ensayo tuvo lugar en dos parcelas experimentales contiguas de Prunus persica (L.) Batsch: melocotoneros adultos y nectarinos jóvenes. Se evaluaron 2 tratamientos de poda: poda de invierno (PI), realizada durante el reposo invernal, para mantener la arquitectura en vaso del árbol, y poda en verde (PV) realizada tras la cosecha, eliminando los brotes improductivos o ‘chupones’. La poda total (materia seca) fue de 8 y 12 kg árbol-1, siendo la contribución de la poda retirada en verano del 56% y 34%, en árboles jóvenes y adultos, respectivamente. La cobertura foliar (evaluada con análisis de imagen cenital de los árboles) disminuyó significativamente en el tratamiento PV de ambos cultivos tras la poda en verde, lo que se tradujo en una mejora del estado hídrico respecto al tratamiento de PI durante la postcosecha (como indicó el aumento del potencial hídrico de tallo entre 0.10 y 0.30 MPa). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos tratamientos de poda en los parámetros de cosecha y calidad estudiados, a excepción del contenido en sólidos solubles de los frutos de árboles jóvenes que fue menor en los árboles PV.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: Proyectos AGL2013-49047-C02-2R y AGL2016-77282-C03-1R • Fundación Séneca: Proyecto 19903/GERM/15 • Programa Juan de la Cierva: Ayuda posdoctoral FJCI-2017-32045 (M.R. Conesa

Efecto del déficit hídrico en postcosecha de limeros

Comunicación presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEn el trabajo se evalúa la capacidad para detectar el estrés de diferentes indicadores de estado hídrico en limeros (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) jóvenes (3 años de edad) cultivados en meseta y sin meseta en la finca experimental del CEBAS-CSIC en Murcia. Durante el ensayo se aplicaron dos tratamientos de riego: Control y Sequía. Los árboles del tratamiento Control fueron regados al 100% de la ETc, mientras que los árboles del tratamiento Sequía fueron sometidos a supresión del riego durante 48 días y regados al 100% de la ETc durante el período de recuperación. El estado hídrico del suelo se determinó en continuo con sensores de contenido volumétrico de agua (θv) y de potencial matricial (Ψm). El estado hídrico de la planta se evaluó con medidas discretas del potencial hídrico de tallo (Ψtallo) y de intercambio gaseoso: fotosíntesis neta (Fn) y conductancia estomática (gs). Durante el ensayo las condiciones meteorológicas del otoño propiciaron el desarrollo de un estrés hídrico ligero. El estado hídrico de los árboles del tratamiento Control no mostró diferencias significativas entre los sistemas de cultivo evaluados. Los árboles sometidos a sequía, sin embargo, registraron una disminución progresiva de θv y Ψm, así como del Ψtallo (que fue significativa tras dos semanas de estrés). Se observaron ligeras reducciones en la Fn y en la gs pero con una gran variabilidad en sus medidas. El cultivo en meseta no afectó significativamente al comportamiento de los indicadores estudiados. El registro continuo y en tiempo real del estado hídrico del suelo facilitó la identificación del inicio y de la recuperación del estrés hídrico en la planta. El uso combinado del contenido volumétrico de agua en el suelo y de su potencial matricial permite tomar decisiones de manejo del riego con mayor precisión

Generation of ultra-short light pulses by a rapidly ionizing thin foil

A thin and dense plasma layer is created when a sufficiently strong laser pulse impinges on a solid target. The nonlinearity introduced by the time-dependent electron density leads to the generation of harmonics. The pulse duration of the harmonic radiation is related to the risetime of the electron density and thus can be affected by the shape of the incident pulse and its peak field strength. Results are presented from numerical particle-in-cell-simulations of an intense laser pulse interacting with a thin foil target. An analytical model which shows how the harmonics are created is introduced. The proposed scheme might be a promising way towards the generation of attosecond pulses. PACS number(s): 52.40.Nk, 52.50.Jm, 52.65.RrComment: Second Revised Version, 13 pages (REVTeX), 3 figures in ps-format, submitted for publication to Physical Review E, WWW: http://www.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/tqe

Structure and uncoating of immature adenovirus

Maturation via proteolytical processing is a common trait in the viral world, and is often accompanied by large conformational changes and rearrangements in the capsid. The adenovirus protease has been shown to play a dual role in the viral infectious cycle: (a) in maturation, as viral assembly starts with precursors to several of the structural proteins, but ends with proteolytically processed versions in the mature virion; and (b) in entry, because protease-impaired viruses have difficulties in endosome escape and uncoating. Indeed, viruses that have not undergone proteolytical processing are not infectious. We present the 3D structure of immature adenovirus particles, as represented by the thermosensitive mutant Ad2 ts1 grown under nonpermissive conditions, and compare it with the mature capsid. Our 3DEM maps at subnanometer resolution indicate that adenovirus maturation does not involve large scale conformational changes in the capsid. Difference maps reveal the location of unprocessed peptides pIIIa and pVI and help to define their role in capsid assembly and maturation. An intriguing difference appears in the core, indicating a more compact organization and increased stability of the immature cores. We have further investigated these properties by in vitro disassembly assays. Fluorescence and electron microscopy experiments reveal differences in the stability and uncoating of immature viruses, both at the capsid and core levels, as well as disassembly intermediates not previously imaged.This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (BFU2007-60228 to C.S.M. and BIO2007-67150-C03-03 to R.M.), the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CCG08-CSIC/SAL-3442 to C.S.M.) and the National Institutes of Health (5R01CA111569 to D.T.C., R0141599 to W.F.M. and GM037705 to S.J.F.). R.M.-C. is a recipient of a PFIS fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain. A.J.P.-B. holds a CSIC JAE-Doc postdoctoral position, partially funded by the European Social FundPeer reviewe

Linear chaos for the Quick-Thinking-Driver model

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-015-9704-6In recent years, the topic of car-following has experimented an increased importance in traffic engineering and safety research. This has become a very interesting topic because of the development of driverless cars (Google driverless cars, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_driverless_car).Driving models which describe the interaction between adjacent vehicles in the same lane have a big interest in simulation modeling, such as the Quick-Thinking-Driver model. A non-linear version of it can be given using the logistic map, and then chaos appears. We show that an infinite-dimensional version of the linear model presents a chaotic behaviour using the same approach as for studying chaos of death models of cell growth.The authors were supported by a grant from the FPU program of MEC and MEC Project MTM2013-47093-P.Conejero, JA.; Murillo Arcila, M.; Seoane-Sepúlveda, JB. (2016). Linear chaos for the Quick-Thinking-Driver model. Semigroup Forum. 92(2):486-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00233-015-9704-6S486493922Aroza, J., Peris, A.: Chaotic behaviour of birth-and-death models with proliferation. J. Differ. Equ. Appl. 18(4), 647–655 (2012)Banasiak, J., Lachowicz, M.: Chaos for a class of linear kinetic models. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Série II 329, 439–444 (2001)Banasiak, J., Lachowicz, M.: Topological chaos for birth-and-death-type models with proliferation. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 12(6), 755–775 (2002)Banasiak, J., Lachowicz, M., Moszyński, M.: Topological chaos: when topology meets medicine. Appl. Math. Lett. 16(3), 303–308 (2003)Banasiak, J., Moszyński, M.: A generalization of Desch–Schappacher–Webb criteria for chaos. Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12(5), 959–972 (2005)Banasiak, J., Moszyński, M.: Dynamics of birth-and-death processes with proliferation–stability and chaos. Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. 29(1), 67–79 (2011)Banks, J., Brooks, J., Cairns, G., Davis, G., Stacey, P.: On Devaney’s definition of chaos. Am. Math. Mon. 99(4), 332–334 (1992)Barrachina, X., Conejero, J.A.: Devaney chaos and distributional chaos in the solution of certain partial differential equations. Abstr. Appl. Anal. 457,019, 11 (2012)Bermúdez, T., Bonilla, A., Martínez-Giménez, F., Peris, A.: Li-Yorke and distributionally chaotic operators. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 373(1), 83–93 (2011)Brackstone, M., McDonald, M.: Car-following: a historical review. Transp. Res. Part F 2(4), 181–196 (1999)Brzeźniak, Z., Dawidowicz, A.L.: On periodic solutions to the von Foerster–Lasota equation. Semigroup Forum 78, 118–137 (2009)Chandler, R.E., Herman, R., Montroll, E.W.: Traffic dynamics: studies in car following. Op. Res. 6, 165–184 (1958)Chung, C.C., Gartner, N.: Acceleration noise as a measure of effectiveness in the operation of traffic control systems. Operations Research Center. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge (1973)CNN (2014) Driverless car tech gets serious at CES. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/09/tech/innovation/self-driving-cars-ces/ . Accessed 7 Apr 2014Conejero, J.A., Rodenas, F., Trujillo, M.: Chaos for the hyperbolic bioheat equation. Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. 35(2), 653–668 (2015)DARPA Grand Challenge. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_DARPA_Grand_Challenge#2005_Grand_Challengede Laubenfels, R., Emamirad, H., Protopopescu, V.: Linear chaos and approximation. J. Approx. Theory 105(1), 176–187 (2000)Desch, W., Schappacher, W., Webb, G.F.: Hypercyclic and chaotic semigroups of linear operators. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 17(4), 793–819 (1997)El Mourchid, S.: The imaginary point spectrum and hypercyclicity. Semigroup Forum 73(2), 313–316 (2006)El Mourchid, S., Metafune, G., Rhandi, A., Voigt, J.: On the chaotic behaviour of size structured cell populations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 339(2), 918–924 (2008)El Mourchid, S., Rhandi, A., Vogt, H., Voigt, J.: A sharp condition for the chaotic behaviour of a size structured cell population. Differ. Integral Equ. 22(7–8), 797–800 (2009)Engel, K.-J., Nagel, R.: One-Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 194. Springer, New York, 2000. With contributions by Brendle S., Campiti M., Hahn T., Metafune G., Nickel G., Pallara D., Perazzoli C., Rhandi A., Romanelli S., and Schnaubelt RGodefroy, G., Shapiro, J.H.: Operators with dense, invariant, cyclic vector manifolds. J. Funct. Anal. 98(2), 229–269 (1991)Greenshields, B.D.: The photographic method of studying traffic behavior. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 382–399 (1934)Greenshields, B.D.: A study of traffic capacity. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 448–477 (1935)Grosse-Erdmann, K.G., Peris Manguillot, A.: Linear Chaos. Universitext. Springer, London (2011)Herman, R., Montroll, E.W., Potts, R.B., Rothery, R.W.: Traffic dynamics: analysis of stability in car following. Op. Res. 7, 86–106 (1959)Helly, W.: Simulation of Bottleneckes in Single-Lane Traffic Flow. Research Laboratories, General Motors. Elsevier, New York (1953)Li, T.: Nonlinear dynamics of traffic jams. Phys. D 207(1–2), 41–51 (2005)Lo, S.C., Cho, H.J.: Chaos and control of discrete dynamic traffic model. J. Franklin Inst. 342(7), 839–851 (2005)Martínez-Giménez, F., Oprocha, P., Peris, A.: Distributional chaos for backward shifts. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 351(2), 607–615 (2009)Pipes, L.A.: An operational analysis of traffic dynamics. J. Appl. Phys. 24, 274–281 (1953

Distributionally chaotic families of operators on Fréchet spaces

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis (CPAA) following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Conejero, J. A., Kostić, M., Miana, P. J., & Murillo-Arcila, M. (2016). Distributionally chaotic families of operators on Fréchet spaces.Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2016, vol. 15, no 5, p. 1915-1939, is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2016022The existence of distributional chaos and distributional irregular vectors has been recently considered in the study of linear dynamics of operators and C-0-semigroups. In this paper we extend some previous results on both notions to sequences of operators, C-0-semigroups, C-regularized semigroups, and alpha-timesintegrated semigroups on Frechet spaces. We also add a study of rescaled distributionally chaotic C-0-semigroups. Some examples are provided to illustrate all these results.The first and fourth authors are supported in part by MEC Project MTM2010-14909, MTM2013-47093-P, and Programa de Investigacion y Desarrollo de la UPV, Ref. SP20120700. The second author is partially supported by grant 174024 of Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia. The third author has been partially supported by Project MTM2013-42105-P, DGI-FEDER, of the MCYTS; Project E-64, D.G. Aragon, and Project UZCUD2014-CIE-09, Universidad de Zaragoza. The fourth author is supported by a grant of the FPU Program of Ministry of education of Spain.Conejero, JA.; Kostic, M.; Miana Sanz, PJ.; Murillo Arcila, M. (2016). Distributionally chaotic families of operators on Fréchet spaces. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis. 15(5):1915-1939. https://doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2016022S1915193915

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS): Experiment Data Distribution

The six sensors of SEIS (The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) [- one of three primary instruments on NASA's Mars Lander Insight] cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 hertz to 50 hertz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data are transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB (Very Broad-Band) components at 2 samples per second (sps), an estimation of the short period (SP) energy content from the SP at 1 sps, and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams are augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS data products are downlinked from the spacecraft in raw CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) packets and converted to both the Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format files and ASCII tables (GeoCSV) for analysis and archiving. Metadata are available in dataless SEED and StionXML. Time series data (waveforms) are available in miniseed and GeoCSV. Data are distributed according to FDSN (Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks - http://www.fdsn.org) formats and interfaces. Wind, pressure and temperature data from the Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite (APSS) will also be available in SEED format, and can be used for decorrelation and diagnostic purposes on SEIS