Not All Children with Cystic Fibrosis Have Abnormal Esophageal Neutralization during Chemical Clearance of Acid Reflux.

PurposeAcid neutralization during chemical clearance is significantly prolonged in children with cystic fibrosis, compared to symptomatic children without cystic fibrosis. The absence of available reference values impeded identification of abnormal findings within individual patients with and without cystic fibrosis. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that significantly more children with cystic fibrosis have acid neutralization durations during chemical clearance that fall outside the physiological range.MethodsPublished reference value for acid neutralization duration during chemical clearance (determined using combined impedance/pH monitoring) was used to assess esophageal acid neutralization efficiency during chemical clearance in 16 children with cystic fibrosis (3 to <18 years) and 16 age-matched children without cystic fibrosis.ResultsDuration of acid neutralization during chemical clearance exceeded the upper end of the physiological range in 9 of 16 (56.3%) children with and in 3 of 16 (18.8%) children without cystic fibrosis (p=0.0412). The likelihood ratio for duration indicated that children with cystic fibrosis are 2.1-times more likely to have abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance, and children with abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance are 1.5-times more likely to have cystic fibrosis.ConclusionSignificantly more (but not all) children with cystic fibrosis have abnormally prolonged esophageal clearance of acid. Children with cystic fibrosis are more likely to have abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance. Additional studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to address the importance of genotype, esophageal motility, composition and volume of saliva, and gastric acidity on acid neutralization efficiency in cystic fibrosis children

Promoting Industrial Training through Macro Economic Approach: The Importance of Training and Development in the Ministry of Industry in Benghazi Libya

Pelatihan adalah aspek fundamental untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia dan memastikan proses sosial dan ekonomi. Ini adalah kunci untuk kreatif, mengadaptasi, dan menyebarkan pengetahuan. Namun, sayangnya keuntungan ini belum diambil oleh Libya karena meskipun telah digunakan oleh pemerintah Libya untuk mempromosikan industri melalui Kementerian Perindustrian tidak dapat mencapai hasil yang diinginkan karena kelalaian dalam pelatihan, 80% kekuatan kerja industri memiliki sedikit atau tidak ada pengalaman karena disukai Pelatihan, dalam banyak kasus, perusahaan SE ditutup sebelum waktunya karena masalah tersebut. Bahkan, Libya diberkati dengan banyak pabrik tetapi disesalkan dengan pabrik gagal karena kurangnya keterampilan dan pengalaman. Seringkali Libya karena IR tidak terkoordinasi, sistem pengiriman dan kebijakan yang tidak diatur dan terfragisasi adalah tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara. Sulit untuk merancang sistem pelatihan yang memastikan ketentuan keterampilan yang didorong oleh permintaan dan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan dari sektor-sektor kunci yang relevan dan ini memerlukan studi untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dan solusi makmur untuk pengembangan di masa depan yang berkelanjutan. Karenanya, laporkan pendekatan adopsi yang menggabungkan hasil penelitian yang ditinjau. Dalam laporan ini menggunakan teknik analitik untuk memperkirakan kekuatan serangkaian temuan tertentu di berbagai studi dan kadang-kadang membandingkan dan menarik kesimpulan. Ini telah memungkinkan penciptaan konteks dari mana laporan ini muncul. Laporkan data semata-mata bergantung pada sumber empiris yang diklasifikasikan dalam sumber primer dan sekunder. Laporan menemukan bahwa jumlah trainee turun dari 2000 hingga 2005 oleh rata-rata 26 siswa, dibandingkan dengan 1999. Namun, pada 2006 dan 2007, jumlah peserta pelatihan menunjukkan meningkat (rata-rata 25 siswa). Karena ini meningkat dalam trainee, produksi minyak juga meningkat pada awal milenium baru. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan meningkatkan produktivitas dan pertumbuhan produktivitas dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan mengurangi kemiskinan dalam lingkaran yang berbudi luhur. Pertumbuhan produktivitas mengurangi biaya produksi dan meningkatkan pengembalian investasi, beberapa di antaranya berubah menjadi pendapatan bagi pemilik bisnis dan investor dan beberapa di antaranya berubah menjadi upah yang lebih tinggi dan pertumbuhan nasional

Electron impact excitation cross sections for allowed transitions in atoms

We present a semiempirical Gaunt factor for widely used Van Regemorter formula [Astrophys. J. 136, 906 (1962)] for the case of allowed transitions in atoms with the LS coupling scheme. Cross sections calculated using this Gaunt factor agree with measured cross sections to within the experimental error.Comment: RevTeX, 3 pages, 10 PS figures, 2 PS tables, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Gastroesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis across the age spectrum.

Background:Scientific advances have improved longevity in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and many of these patients can expect to experience age-related gastrointestinal co-morbidities. We aimed to assess the extent to which age might impact gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with CF. Methods:Our esophageal pH-multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring database was searched for tracings belonging to CF patients ≥2 years old without prior fundoplication and not taking anti-reflux medications immediately prior (within 7 days) and during the study. Tracings were retrospectively analyzed; Impedance and pH variables were evaluated with respect to age and pulmonary function. Results:Twenty-eight patients were enrolled; 16 children (3.1-17.7 years) and 12 adults (18.2-48.9 years). Among pH probe parameters, correlation analysis showed DeMeester score (P=0.011) and number of acid reflux events lasting >5 minutes (P=0.047) to be significantly correlated with age. Age was not significantly correlated with any of the impedance parameters. Age was negatively correlated with baseline impedance (BI) in the distal esophagus (r=-0.424, P=0.023) and BI was negatively correlated with several pH parameters, including reflux index (r=-0.553, P=0.002), number of total acid reflux events (r=-0.576, P=0.001), number of acid reflux events lasting >5 minutes (r=-0.534, P=0.003), and DeMeester score (r=-0.510, P=0.006). Pulmonary function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one minute; ppFEV1) was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.494, P=0.0007). The interaction of age and ppFEV1 and any of the reflux parameters, however, was not significant (P>0.05); the strongest evidence for an interaction was found for the number of acid reflux events reaching the proximal esophagus, but this interaction still did not reach statistical significance (P=0.070). Conclusions:In a small cohort, we found evidence that age may be associated with increased acid exposure and that both age and increased acid exposure are associated with reduced BI in the distal esophagus. The negative relationship between pulmonary function and age in our cohort is not related to GER. This pilot study supports the need for esophageal assessment and treatment of GER as standard components of clinical care for an aging CF population

Root hair-endophyte stacking (RHESt) in an ancient Afro-Indian crop creates an unusual physico-chemical barrier to trap pathogen(s)

WKM was supported by generous scholarships from the Government of Egypt and the University of Guelph (International Graduate Student Scholarships, 2012, 2014). This research was supported by grants to MNR by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Grain Farmers of Ontario (GFO), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the CIFSRF program funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Ottawa) and Canadian Department of Global Affairs.The objectives of this study were to isolate bacterial endophytes from finger millet, assay for anti-Fusarium activity and characterize the underlying cellular, molecular and biochemical mechanisms. We report an unusual symbiosis between the host and a root-inhabiting bacterial endophyte

An upper limit on hypertriton production in collisions of Ar(1.76 AGeV)+KCl

A high-statistic data sample of Ar(1.76 AGeV)+KCl events recorded with HADES is used to search for a hypertriton signal. An upper production limit per centrality-triggered event of $1.04$ x $10^{-3}$ on the $3\sigma$ level is derived. Comparing this value with the number of successfully reconstructed $\Lambda$ hyperons allows to determine an upper limit on the ratio $N_{_{\Lambda}^3H}/N_{\Lambda}$, which is confronted with statistical and coalescence-type model calculations