Reliability Analysis of Spread Footing Over Circular Void

Presence of void beneath the footing affects the stability itself and causes severe damage to the structure. The stability of footing depends on condition of operating it and the properties of soil, voids. Existence of underground cavities for important and huge structures such as pipe lines and tunnels affects its serviceability. The factors affecting the Bearing capacity and settlement of footing are soil properties, operational conditions, void size, location of void, number of voids and depth of foundation. The performance of footing is analysed over void under different boundary conditions using finite element package PLAXIS 8.1 version. The data used in the present study is taken from available literature. On the other hand, though deterministic analysis gives basic idea, probability of failure of the structure is analysed using reliability method. For this purpose linear response surface model is generated using two-level full factorial design and limit state function is obtained. Reliability analysis is performed on the footing with voids by using first order reliability method (FORM). The probability of failure of structure under standard conditions is analysed and requirement of reliability is discussed

Study of induction of labour with vaginal misoprostol in a tertiary hospital in a rural area of Telangana, India

Background: The present study aims at the analysis of obstetric outcome of induction of labour with 25 µg of vaginal misoprostol in pregnancies beyond 36 weeks of gestation with unfavourable cervices.Methods: The present observational study was conducted at Bhaskar medical college & general Hospital, Yenkepally, Telangana from march 2014 to October 2014. 116 pregnant women were enrolled into the study based on appropriate indication for labour induction with 25 µg of vaginal misoprostol inserted fourth hourly till maximum of four doses or till the desired response was obtained.Results: Common indications for induction were postdatism (50.86%), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH-19.82%), premature rupture of membranes (PROM-14.66%) & oligohydramnios (14.66%). Poor Bishop score of less than 4 was seen in 66.38% of cases. Normal vaginal delivery occurred in 60 cases (51.72%) against Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) for various reasons in 56 cases (48.28%). Successful induction, measured as onset of active labour (3 contractions in 10 min with duration of 40 sec of each contraction) or cervical dilatation of 3 cm or successful vaginal delivery, was seen in 107 (92.24%) cases. Failed induction measured as no cervical changes or no onset of labour pains even after 4 doses of vaginal misoprostol was seen in 9 cases (7.76%). Out of 60 successful vaginal deliveries 2 doses of misoprostol was required in 27 cases (45%) & 1 dose was required in 29 cases (48.33%). Induction delivery interval of 7-12 hours was seen in 26 cases (43.33%). Maternal complications were seen in 27 cases (23.28%), common ones being postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) & PROM. No case of uterine hyperstimulation or rupture was seen. In 113 cases (97.41%), 5 min APGAR score was more than 7. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions in the newborn was 4 (3.45%).Conclusions: Hence labour induction with 25microgms of vaginal misoprostol in pregnancies with unfavourable cervices improves Bishop's score, reduces induction delivery interval, reduces caesarean section rates & does not affect fetal outcome

An experimental study of residual stress and direction-dependence of fatigue crack growth behaviour in as-built and stress-relieved selective-laser-melted Ti6Al4V

Selective-laser-melting (SLM) is a powder-bed fusion additive-manufacturing process that has the potential to deliver three-dimensional complex parts with mechanical properties comparable or superior to parts produced via traditional manufacturing using cast and wrought alloys. Concerns for metallic parts built via SLM are the process-induced residual stresses, and anisotropic mechanical properties. This paper investigates the effect of residual stresses on the fatigue crack growth rate of SLM Ti6Al4V in as-built and stress-relieved conditions. Neutron diffraction and the contour method are employed to measure residual stresses in compact-tension samples. Neutron diffraction results are in good agreement with the contour method. It was found that tensile stresses are present at the notch root and the free edge areas, and compressive stress is seen in the middle of the sample. The tensile stresses in the as-built condition resulted in a higher fatigue crack growth rate. After stress relieving by heat treatment, the tensile residual stress diminished by around 90%, resulting in decreased crack growth rate. The build direction was seen to affect the crack growth rate, although the trend was different between the as-built and stress-relieved conditions

Low birth weight: an observational study of maternal and neonatal factors in a rural tertiary care hospital, Telangana, India

Background: Poor maternal health among Indian women is of global significance because India is home to 1/5th of the world’s births. 27% of these newborn babies in India are low birth weight (LBW), an important cause of high infant mortality. This study was conducted among puerperal women who delivered LBW babies in our hospital to know the various factors pertaining to socio-demographic, obstetric and anthropometric characteristics.Methods: this observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Bhaskar medical college and hospital, Moinabad, Hyderabad from January 2016 to June 2017. The study sample were those who delivered LBW babies in our hospital and a set questionnaire was used to collect the relevant details.Results: 75% of these mothers were in the age group of 20-25 years, 73.5% had more than 10 years of schooling. About 64% of these women had their 1st antenatal visit in 1st trimester of pregnancy and 54% had their 1st ultrasound in 1st trimester. 36 babies had NICU admission, either at our hospital or at a level III NICU facility, and all had good neonatal outcome.Conclusions: The state must endeavor to make quality health free and easily accessible to pregnant women so that all can avail these services to better the maternal and neonatal outcomes. This will be helpful in improving the overall health of our population over the next few decades. 

Assessment of functional recovery in patients with ACL injuries managed conservatively versus surgically: A comparative observational study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a leading cause of knee instability that compromises physical activity and quality of life. Although surgical reconstruction remains the gold standard for restoring knee stability in young and active individuals, conservative treatment continues to be employed in patients with lower activity levels or surgical contraindications. This study evaluated functional outcomes, return to activity, instability, and complications among ACL-injured patients managed conservatively or surgically.  Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted on 100 patients with ACL injuries, divided equally into conservative (n = 50) and surgical (n = 50) groups. Baseline demographics, injury characteristics, and management details were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores at baseline, six months, and 11 months. Return to pre-injury activity, instability episodes, and complications were analyzed. Statistical tests included Student’s t-test and Chi-square, with p < 0.05 considered significant.  Results: Baseline characteristics, including mean age (27.6 ± 5.4 vs. 26.9 ± 6.1 years) and gender distribution, were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). At 11 months, surgically managed patients demonstrated significantly higher IKDC (85.1 ± 7.6 vs. 70.4 ± 8.2) and Lysholm scores (88.6 ± 6.9 vs. 74.3 ± 8.4) (p < 0.001 for both). Return to pre-injury sports was achieved in 62% of surgical versus 34% of conservative cases (p = 0.01). Instability episodes were more frequent with conservative care (28% vs. 10%, p = 0.02). Minor complications included donor-site pain (10%) and superficial infection (4%) in the surgical group.  Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of ACL injuries yielded superior functional outcomes, greater return-to-sport rates, and fewer instability episodes compared with conservative management. Conservative treatment remains reasonable for patients with limited functional demands.  Recommendations: Multicentric studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up are warranted to strengthen evidence and refine individualized treatment strategies

PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PAEDIATRICS FOR RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS/ DISORDERS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

ABSTRACTObjectives: The main objective was to study the prescribing practice of antibiotic in hospital in-patient is to assess the prescribing patternsof antibiotics in children who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital regarding respiratory tract infections and to check out which category ofantibiotics are most prescribed.Methods: The study which includes a retrospective monitoring of pediatrics undergoing treatment with diff types of antibiotics were carried out fora period of 6 months both in-patient as well as outpatient.Results and Discussion: A total of 50 patients were screened. The most common category of antibiotic prescribed is aminoglycosides (48%),broad-spectrum antibiotics (29%), cephalosporins (14%), and fluoroquinolones (7%) macrolides (2%). 48% were admitted with common coughand cold accompanied by fever, 24% with bronchopneumonia, 14% with bronchial asthma, 12% with bronchitis, 2% with pneumonia. The numberof antibiotics per prescription ampicillin with garamycin were 51%, cefuroxime with garamycin were 21%, ciprofloxacin with garamycin were10%, cefotaxime with garamycin was 7%, ciprofloxacin with amoxicillin was 2%, single antibiotic prescribed are cefuroxime (2%), garamycin(4%), ciprofloxacin (4%). Adverse drug events were detected in sample size n=50 were 6% for drugs with ampicillin (rashes *4 days), ciprofloxacin(loose stools *2 days).Conclusion: In order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance of microbes, an antibiotic policy should be carefully instituted and implemented. Thedoses prescribed to the pediatrics should be calculated according to the weights in order to avoid adverse drug reactions.Keywords: Antibiotics, paediatrics, infection

The yeast Batten disease orthologue Btn1 controls endosome–Golgi retrograde transport via SNARE assembly

Btn1 controls endosome–Golgi retrograde sorting by regulating SNARE phosphorylation and assembly

Pitfalls in machine learning‐based assessment of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a report of the international immuno‐oncology biomarker working group

The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer (BC) has been well established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative) breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessment of TILs can complement manual TIL-assessment in trial- and daily practices is currently debated and still unclear. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) for the automated evaluation of TILs show promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TILs quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics; (i) technical slide issues, (ii) ML and image analysis aspects, (iii) data challenges, and (iv) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns, or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML in TILs assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial- and routine clinical management of patients with TNBC

Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer

Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues : translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer.Gilead Breast Cancer Research Grant; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Susan G Komen Leadership; Interne Fondsen KU Leuven/Internal Funds KU Leuven; Swedish Society for Medical Research; Swedish Breast Cancer Association; Cancer Research Program; US Department of Defense; Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer; Marie Sklodowska Curie; NHMRC; National Institutes of Health; Cancer Research UK; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Horizon 2020 European Union Research and Innovation Programme National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; VA Merit Review Award; US Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research Breast Cancer Research Program; Prostate Cancer Research Program; Lung Cancer Research Program; Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) Glue Grant; EPSRC; Melbourne Research Scholarship; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; KWF Kankerbestrijding; Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport the Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Q-Life; National Breast Cancer Foundation of Australia; National Health and Medical Council of Australia; All-Island Cancer Research Institute; Irish Cancer Society; Science Foundation Ireland Investigator Programme; Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnership Programme. Open access funding provided by IReL.https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896hj2024ImmunologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein