On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō

the exception of several words (see, e.g. Austerlitz 1976), the contact discussed was that between Nivx and Ainu of Sakhalin (Austerlitz 1991). In this article I will try to demonstrate that there was an even earlier contact between speakers of Nivx and speakers of Ainu that was quite profound, and that it took place on Hokkaidō, involving therefore not only Sakhalin Ainu, but also Hokkaidō Ainu.Давно известно, что айнские и нивхские языки имели взаимные контакты, однако, за исключением нескольких отдельных слов (см., например, Austerlitz 1976), изучены только контакты между нивхским и языком сахалинских айнов (Austerlitz 1991). Данная статья имеет целью показать, что был и более древний языковой контакт между нивхами и айнами, и что этот контакт имел место на Хоккайдо и охватывал айнские говоры не только Сахалина, но и Хоккайдо

ONCE AGAIN ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE TITLE qaγan

ONCE AGAIN ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE TITLE qaγa

Fabrication of Turkic böz ‘fabric’ in Japan and Korea

This paper represents a long-needed criticism of Miller (2005) which carried over the famous discussion of Turkic böz ‘fabric’ in the micro-‘Altaic’ context even further East to Japan and Korea. I demonstrate that Miller’s arguments fail on historical linguistics and philological grounds for all five putative ‘Altaic’ families due in large extent to the faulty nature of either his argumentation or data, or both

Koreanic loanwords in Khitan and their importance in the decipherment of the latter

In this article I am surveying several possible loanwords from Koreanic languages (probably Koguryǒ and/or Bo-hai) into the Khitan language. Apart from explaining the origin of some of the Khitan words that have no Mongolic, other Central Asian, or Chinese etymologies, I will demonstrate that these loanwords can shed light on the decipherment of Khitan characters with unknown readings, and therefore advance the reconstruction and reading of the Khitan language itself

〈客員教員の研究紹介〉 萬葉集5・904 のアザリ「未詳」の意味と語源について

ハワイ大学この論文では萬葉集「5・904」に現れる孤語であるアザリの意味と起源を明らかにする。「5・904」の長歌のテキスト分析の結果として,アザリには「座る」という意味があったことが分かる。勿論,日琉諸言語にはその動詞がないから,借用語にちがいない。そのアザリは上代朝鮮語の借用語だという結論に至る。I discuss the meaning and origins of the hapax legomenon anzari that occurs in MYS 5.904. As a result of textual analysis it becomes apparent that anzari means \u27to sit.\u27 Since there is no such a verb in the Japonic languages, I argue that it represents a borrowing from Old Korean

Revising the Language Map of Korea

As linguists develop a deeper understanding of the properties of individual varieties of speech, they often find it necessary to reclassify dialects as independent languages, based on the criterion of intelligibility. This criterion is applied here to Jejueo, the traditional variety of speech used on Jeju Island, a province of the Republic of Korea. Although Jejueo has long been classified as a nonstandard dialect of Korean, evidence from an intelligibility experiment shows that it is not comprehensible to monolingual speakers of Korean and therefore should be treated as a separate language, in accordance with the usual practice within linguistics. This finding calls for a revision to the standard language map of Kore

Long vowels in Proto-Japanese

The goal of this article is to provide internal and partial external evidence that Proto-Japanese had both vowel length and pitch accent. The author examines the evidence from Ryukyuan dialects of Japanese and from prehistoric Japanese loanwords in the Ainu language. This combined evidence demonstrates that the majority of Pre-Proto-Japanese words with initial vowel length may be associated with an initial low pitch. However, there are also certain words which combine initial high pitch and initial vowel length. Comparative data from Tungusic and Korean are also used.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42999/1/10831_2005_Article_BF01732501.pd

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С КАРЦИНОМАТОЗОМ БРЮШИНЫ

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common manifestation of progression in peritoneal and gynecologic malignancies. Current primary strategy in treatment of PC is the concept of regional influence by the way of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, which has proven the efficiency in treatment of common appendicitis tumors, peritoneum mesothelioma, advanced colorectal cancer, ovarian and gastric cancers. However, in spite of the existing unified criteria for performing cytoreductive surgeries, we observe a lack of a standardized approach for intra-peritoneal chemotherapy, which is used in various variants and regimens in modern clinical practice. Further studies of effectiveness of various intra-peritoneal chemotherapy methods and their combinations are necessary for the development of modern algorithms in treatment of PC.Карциноматоз брюшины (КБ) – частое проявление прогрессирования злокачественных заболеваний органов брюшной полости и малого таза. В основе современной стратегии лечения КБ лежит концепция регионарного воздействия в виде циторедуктивных операций и внутрибрюшной химиотерапии, доказавшая свою эффективность при лечении распространенных новообразований аппендикса, мезотелиомы брюшины, распространенного колоректального рака, рака яичников и желудка. Однако при существующих четких критериях выполнения циторедуктивных операций мы наблюдаем отсутствие стандартизованного подхода для внутрибрюшной химиотерапии, которая используется в различных вариантах и режимах в современной практике.Дальнейшие исследования эффективности различных методик внутрибрюшной химиотерапии и различных вариантов комбинаций их применения необходимы для разработки современных алгоритмов лечения КБ

Formal Syntax and Deep History

We show that, contrary to long-standing assumptions, syntactic traits, modeled here within the generative biolinguistic framework, provide insights into deep-time language history. To support this claim, we have encoded the diversity of nominal structures using 94 universally definable binary parameters, set in 69 languages spanning across up to 13 traditionally irreducible Eurasian families. We found a phylogenetic signal that distinguishes all such families and matches the family-internal tree topologies that are safely established through classical etymological methods and datasets. We have retrieved “near-perfect” phylogenies, which are essentially immune to homoplastic disruption and only moderately influenced by horizontal convergence, two factors that instead severely affect more externalized linguistic features, like sound inventories. This result allows us to draw some preliminary inferences about plausible/implausible cross-family classifications; it also provides a new source of evidence for testing the representation of diversity in syntactic theories