Design basis for development of offshore oil and gas fields in the Sea of Okhotsk

Much attention is now being paid to the development of offshore oil and gas fields. Fields located on the continental shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk are of great value as they contain significant volumes of oil and gas. In addition to maintaining production from existing offshore fields on the Russian continental shelf, it is important to engage in the development of unexplored or poorly explored areas. The Sakhalin 1 and Sakhalin 2 projects have been in production for some time. Oil and gas production from these projects continues to this day. The Sakhalin 3 project is developing the Yuzhno-Kirinskoye gas condensate field, which was discovered in 2010. In 2017 and 2018, exploration work led to the discovery of two oil fields, Neptun and Triton, with total reserves estimated at 500 million tonnes. The Triton field was among the top 3 largest fields discovered worldwide in 2018. Today, oil and gas companies strive to develop fields in the safest, most technologically efficient, and environmentally friendly way. Therefore, the assessment of the field potential, the proposal of the field development option and the preliminary version of the production profile calculation is an important task, which can later be used as the basis for selecting the field development option when specifying the field data. The purpose of this master's thesis is to identify a technical feasible option of developing the Triton field. In Chapter 1 a review of the different phases of an offshore field development is described. The master’s thesis includes in Chapter 2 a description and analysis of the natural, climatic, and geographical conditions in which the field is located. In addition, in Chapter 3, the geology of the Triton field reservoir is described. An estimate calculation using Python programming language of potential geological reserves are made in accordance with the data obtained seismic exploration was performed, and the first well was drilled. Based on data from neighbouring fields and relative phase permeability curves, an approximate value of the oil recovery factor that can be achieved by implementing existing technologies is hand-calculated in Chapter 4. Also, in this Chapter excel calculations were conducted to calculate and plot production profiles for V-0, V1-1, and V1-2 layers (production profiles for layers V1-2 and V-0 are provided in Appendix 2). Next, Chapter 5, screening of existing concepts for the development of offshore fields on the shelf of Sakhalin and Norway is carried out. A comparative analysis of different field development options is done, and each concept is evaluated. A subsea production system with pipeline fluid transfer to the Moliqpaq platform with further transportation to onshore processing facility is suggested as a result of the concept’s analysis. Finally, in Appendix 4 the maximum allowable wire tension during the lifting operations of subsea template is estimated. A summary is prepared, and an extensive list of references is enclosed. This master's thesis does not include an economic analysis due to the volatility of oil prices and the prevailing economic uncertainty. The absence of a specific investment date further hinders the ability to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis to estimate prices for oil products leading up to the investment date. The economic can be calculated once the approximate start date of the project has been established, in order to assess whether the project will be economically viable to implement

An Universal Image Attractiveness Ranking Framework

We propose a new framework to rank image attractiveness using a novel pairwise deep network trained with a large set of side-by-side multi-labeled image pairs from a web image index. The judges only provide relative ranking between two images without the need to directly assign an absolute score, or rate any predefined image attribute, thus making the rating more intuitive and accurate. We investigate a deep attractiveness rank net (DARN), a combination of deep convolutional neural network and rank net, to directly learn an attractiveness score mean and variance for each image and the underlying criteria the judges use to label each pair. The extension of this model (DARN-V2) is able to adapt to individual judge's personal preference. We also show the attractiveness of search results are significantly improved by using this attractiveness information in a real commercial search engine. We evaluate our model against other state-of-the-art models on our side-by-side web test data and another public aesthetic data set. With much less judgments (1M vs 50M), our model outperforms on side-by-side labeled data, and is comparable on data labeled by absolute score.Comment: Accepted by 2019 Winter Conference on Application of Computer Vision (WACV

The Content of the Future Legal Regulation of the Gas Relations between Russia, European Union and EU Member States

There are two types of relations between Russia and European countries in the sphere of gas cooperation. The first type is dominant; it includes long-term contractual relations of Gazprom with the European enterprises. The second type is just emerging and comprises opening up of the respective markets, that is, direct participation of the European companies on Russia’s market and vice versa. However, the actual legal regulation of gas relations does not permit to satisfy the numerous interests of Russia, EU and its members in the natural gas domain. For Russia it is the augmentation of the gas production, attraction of the investments in this sphere. The EU cannot guarantee the energy security, the diminution of the gas prices, the creation of the pan European market and of the conditions of the sustainable development, the reinforcement of the EU positions on the external markets etc. The resolution of the problem could be the development of the relations of the direct participation of the companies on the markets: of Gazprom and other Russian companies on the market of transport, retail, distribution of gas of the EU and of the participation of the European enterprises in the production of gas on the territory of the Russia. The basis of the legal regulation of this type of the relations could be fixed in the international treaties between Russia, EU and the member-states, which will contain the provisions on concurrence, investments and commerce in the gas sphere. The regulation of gas relations between Russia, the EU and its members described could help to solve numerous problems. In terms of investments, it would create the necessary conditions for foreign companies’ activity in Russia’s gas production sector and in the EU retail market. This will be possible largely due to the proclamation of efficient dispute resolution and other guarantees. In terms of competition, the right to submit claims to arbitration, foreseen in the agreement, will play a key role in countering the abuse by antitrust authorities or antitrust violations by enterprises. The rules of cooperation of the treaty will serve as the foundation for the common market. They will also promote the increase in the number of producers, retailers and consumers. The derogations from the competition rules will be important for ensuring energy security and for the attraction of investment

Genetska studija lipljana (thymallus thymallus) na severu evropskog dela Rusije

U ovom radu je izložen komercijalni i akvakulturni značaj porodice lipljana (Thymallidae) na teritoriji Rusije. Posebna pažnja je poklonjena genetičkim studijama ove familije, uzimajući u obzir da populacije evropskog lipljana u Rusiji još uvek nisu u dovoljnoj meri istražene. Rad zapravo predstavlja polaznu genetičku studiju evropskog lipljana u svrhu konzervacije ove vrste. Studija uključuje prikupljene uzorke od 5 jedinki evropskog lipljana (T. thymallus) iz slivova reka Severna Dvina i Kuloj, 2 sibirska lipljana (T. arcticus) iz sliva reke Ob i jednog uzorka lipljana iz gornjeg toka reke Jenisej. Analiza MtDNA je urađena koristeći 3 fragmenta gena ATP6, CR i COI. Po prvi put su dobijeni genetički podaci riba iz reke Kuloj. Od uzoraka svih riba, jedino su identifikovani haplotipovi evropskog lipljana

COMPARISON OF THE PARAMETERS OF SIGNALS WITH EXTERNAL ILLUMINATION FOR SUPERVISION OF THE AREA FOR THE PROTECTION OF IMPORTANT STATE OBJECTS

In modern conditions, it becomes necessary to create security systems, surveillance systems, anti-terrorist systems that carry out covert detection and surveillance of small-sized ground objects, including biological ones. Traditionally used single-position radars are ineffective in conditions of a large number of reflections that interfere with and low speed of movement of detected objects (people). The use of several such radars is impractical due to their rather high complexity and cost. In addition, it is impossible to ensure the secrecy of such systems. The construction of radar surveillance systems in the form of semi-active bistatic, including educational, radar systems is promising for the described conditions. One of the important issues in the construction of semi-active bistatic systems is the substantiation of the parameters of external illumination signals and the assessment of the attainable characteristics of such systems when using them. The analysis and definition of the requirements for the characteristics of the illumination signals is carried out. In addition, consider the features of using signals from modern emitting systems in semi-active radars. The basic parameters of the signals are given – the bandwidth, the pulse duration (spectrum width), the power at the transmitter output, the frequency range in which the system operates. The advantages and disadvantages of semi-active radar stations (SA RS), which use such signals, are described. Variants of semi-active bistatic systems with external illumination are determined. The widespread use of modern digital language and telecommunication systems provides the SA RS with effective illumination signals with good correlation properties, which makes it possible to obtain the necessary technical characteristics in a variety of application condition

The prospects of gold mineralization of the Precambrian complexes of the Subpolar Urals

Precambrian strata - the most important source of many types of mineral raw materials. Within their boundaries are the largest deposits of iron, gold, chromium, diamonds, platinoids, nickel, copper, polymetals, vanadium and uranium. Consequently, they can be considered as the most promising provinces for the discovery of new large deposits. The authors briefly described the gold mineralization of the Urals, which are distributed unevenly and mainly among Paleozoic formations. It is noted that common features to all these objects is their location to the east of the Main Ural Foult (GUR - in Russian), and in the North, Subpolar and PolarUrals Mountains, west of the GUR, on the Precambrian development area of the Cent­ral Ural Uplift, manifestations of indigenous gold are still rare. The authors cite the results of geological exploration for ore gold within the Khobeiz “dome”, at a very promising Halmerinsky ore-placer site, where the Sosnovoye, Talayiz and Vorgavozh deposits were discovered. These deposits are confined to the Omras'shorian fault system, which is traced more than 25 km along a strike across the whole area, and the width of the development of individual structures is 4 km. At the Sosnovoe deposit, ore bodies are located within a block about 140 m wide and 240-250 m long, bounded by the West and East faults of the north-eastern strike, steeply falling to the west, and the shallow zones of melanocratic blastomylonites. Inside this block the ore bodies are confined to systems of synthetic cracks of the cleavage of the northeastern orientation, made with quartz with pyrite impregnation.The Talayz deposit is a gently sloping mineralized zone (on average 30 m thick) in the horizon of melanocratic schists, beneath a screen of metavolcanics of acidic composition. Gold-bearing ones are: quartz-carbonate veins, lenses, veins, with extremely uneven distribution of sulphides and attached to zalband parts of quartz veins with the development of vein-disseminated sulfide mineralization. The position of the ore-bearing zones of the Vorga­vozh deposit is determined by the confinement to blastomylonites along the contact with the overlapping horizon of metavolcanics of acidic composition complicated by a series of northeastern tectonic disturbances. Ore-bearing zones (thickness 2-18 m) are represented by chlorite-muscovite-albite schists containing quartz, quartz-carbonate veins and veins, with vari­ous aggregates of pyrite and dissemination of chalcopyrite, and rarely, galena. From the given data the conclusion about high prospects of Precambrian structures of the Subpolar Urals on opening of new deposits of gold is made

Study of the secondary characteristics of the bistatic scattering of a combined object in a covert radar surveillance system

The emergence of new means of attack, reconnaissance and methods of sabotage imposes special requirements on the technical means of protecting important state facilities (ISF). Modern trends in the construction of ISF physical protection systems are the integration of engineering barriers, perimeter signaling and detection tools. Detection tools should provide covert receipt of information about the approach of the intruder in "distant" intrigues. To do this, it is possible to use technical means built on the principle of semi-active bistatic radar with an external illumination source. However, in order to identify intruders in the ISF protection zone, it is necessary to have a priori information about the radar visibility of the combined location objects. The combined object is typically a complex object having both metallic and dielectric elements. To this end, a technique has been developed for estimating the radar cross-section (RCS) of combined objects in the field of external illumination. The electromagnetic field (EMF) scattered by a combined object in the meter and decimeter wavelength ranges is calculated as a coherent sum of fields, taking into account their phase, scattered by its metal and dielectric elements. This made it possible to take into account the electromagnetic interaction of the elements of the combined object. The method of integral equations (IE) was used to find the current density and magnetic field strength. The scatter diagrams of the person-intruder, the person-intruder in personal armor protection (PAP) under different conditions of irradiation and reception and illumination frequencies are obtained and analyzed. This made it possible to evaluate the effect of metallic elements on the scatter diagram of the combined object. The obtained a priori information is of significant practical importance at the stage of optimizing signal processing algorithms and designing new means of covert detectio

Neuropsychological Disorders Indicative of Postresuscitation Encephalopaty in Rats

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de una muerte clínica de 12 minutos de duración sobre el comportamiento innato y adquirido, la concentración amino biogénica, y la composición y cantidad de las poblaciones neuronales en regiones específicas en ratas blancas. El estudio muestra que durante el período con restauración formal del estatus neurológico, hay cambios en los animales en la reactividad emocional, las reacciones de orientación-exploración, trastornos de aprendizaje y memoria, reducción de la tolerancia al ejercicio y la sensibilidad al dolor. Estos procesos se acompañan de alteraciones en los niveles de serotonina y norepinefrina en la corteza cerebral frontal, en los niveles de dopamina y serotonina en el cuerpo estriado, ciertos índices bioquímicos en el plasma sanguíneo y pérdida neuronal en el sector CA1 del hipocampo y en porciones laterales del cerebelo.The aim of this research was to study the effect of 12-minute clinical death on innate and acquired behavior, biogenic amine concentration, and the composition and quantity of neural populations in specific brain regions of white rats. The study shows that in animals during the postresuscitation period with formal restoration of neurological status, there are changes in emotional reactivity, orientation-exploration reactions, impairment of learning and memory, decrease in exercise tolerance and pain sensitivity. These processes are accompanied by alterations in serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the frontal cerebral cortex, dopamine and serotonin levels in the striatum, certain biochemical indices in blood plasma and neural loss in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus and lateral portions of the cerebellum

СТЕПЕНЬ КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ ПАТОГЕННЫМИ И УСЛОВНО-ПАТОГЕННЫМИ МИКРООРГАНИЗМАМИ КАК ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ СЕПСИСА

The development of sepsis in newborns with congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period depends on the colonization of various biotopes. The starting etiological factors are: the presence of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora in certain biotopes, as well as a quantitative content of microorganisms (the “degree of microbial load”). It has been established that colonization of biotopes with a quantitative assessment of CFU of 104 /g (colony forming unit) and more is one of the factors of the sepsis development in newborns with this pathology. Развитие сепсиса у новорожденных с врожденными пороками развития желудочно-кишечного тракта в послеоперационном периоде зависит от колонизации различных биотопов. Пусковыми этиологическими факторами являются наличие в определенных биотопах условно-патогенной и патогенной микрофлоры, а также количественное содержание микроорганизмов («степень микробной нагрузки»). Установлено, что колонизация биотопов с количественной оценкой КОЕ 104 /г (колоний образующая единица) и более является одним из факторов развития сепсиса у новорожденных с данной патологией.