La Ruta del Bacalao's legacy after 30 years

Treball Final de Grau en Publicitat i Relacions Públiques. Codi: PU0932. Curs acadèmic: 2022/2023El presente trabajo trata de devolver el valor cultural que se merece al movimiento llamado La Ruta del Bakalao que ocurrió en los años 80 y 90 en España, más concretamente en la zona costera valenciana. Se pretende recorrer toda la historia de la música como herramienta de comunicación y expresión de sentimientos. Así, llegar a entender porque los festivales de música son la actividad de ocio preferida por los jóvenes y cómo las marcas pueden aprovecharlos estos eventos para hacer una comunicación única e irrepetible, conectando así con su público objetivo de una manera menos agresiva invasiva pero más eficaz. En cuanto a la Ruta del Bakalao, se pretende demostrar que los años de excesos surgieron de una revolución social y cultural, el pueblo tenía que expresarse y lo hizo a través de la música. Este es el objetivo principal del trabajo, que se entienda que fue realmente la Ruta del Bakalao como movimiento cultural. Los medios de comunicación dieron pie a desmejorar la imagen de la Ruta del Bakalao, consiguiendo que se perdiese el espíritu de revolución de vanguardia, y que se quedase únicamente en que fue un movimiento para jóvenes que solo buscaban fiesta y el consumo de drogas y alcohol. En este sentido, la comunicación hizo mucho daño a la Ruta del Bakalao y la imagen que se ha proyectado de ella en los años posteriores. Así pues, el documento contiene la huella cultural que ha dejado la Ruta del Bakalao 30 años después.The thesis below tries to give back the cultural value that took place on the east Spanish shore during the 80s and 90s called “La Ruta del Bakalao”. Going through the history of music being used as a communication and emotional expression tool is what´s intended. Thereby understanding why music festivals are the number one choice among the youth and how brands can take advantage of these events to use a one of a kind, unique communication, connecting with its target audiences in a less invasive yet more effective manner. As for “La Ruta del Bakalao”, what is intended to demonstrate is, that the years of parties and substance abuse were due to a social and cultural revolution. People needed to express themselves and they did so through music. This is the main point of this document: what “La Ruta del Bakalao” actually represented as a cultural movement. The media was responsible for diminishing the public image of “La Ruta del Bakalao”, depicting the people inside the movement were only in it for the party and substance abuse. In that way, the media did significant damage to “La Ruta del Bakalao” and its projected image over the years. Therefore, this document contains the cultural footprint that ‘La Ruta del Bakalao’ has left behind after thirty years

Background to the principle of equality in ius adcrescendi in partem

En caso de omisión testamentaria de un sui heredes por el paterfamilias el ius civile declaraba la nulidad del testamento si el omitido era un varón, lo que no ocurría si era una hija, que recibía una parte de la herencia paterna, con diferente medida según los instituidos mediante el denominado ius adcrescendi in partem. Con la evolución del Derecho, el pretor favoreció el derecho de las hijas a la herencia de su padre concediéndoles la bonorum possessio contra tabulas, que podía ser más ventajoso patrimonial y procesalmente. Más tarde, la legislación de Justiniano dispuso que la mujer debía ser estimada al igual que el hombre, ordenando que la preterición de una hija tuviese el mismo efecto que la omisión de un filius suus. Esta evolución muestra una adaptación del derecho a la sociedad desde el espíritu de igualdad de trato de los hijos, sin distinción de sexo, lo que podemos considerar un antecedente del principio de igualdad de género.In the event of the omission of a sui heredes testamentary by the paterfamilias, the ius civile declared the nullity of the will if the omitted was a male, which was not the case if it was a daughter, who received a part of the paternal inheritance, with different measures according to those instituted by the so called ius adcrescendi in partem. With the evolution of the law, the praetor favored the right of daughters to their father's inheritance by granting them the bonorum possessio contra tabulas, which could be more advantageous patrimonially and procedurally. Later, Justinian's legislation provided that women were to be esteemed in the same way as men, ordaining that the preterition of a daughter should have the same effect as the omission of a filius suus. This evolution shows an adaptation of the law to society in the spirit of equal treatment of children, without distinction of sex, which can be considered a precedent of the principle of gender equality

Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4 in red deer, Spain

We studied the potential of red deer as bluetongue maintenance hosts and sentinels. Deer maintained detectable bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 4 RNA for 1 year after the virus was cleared from livestock. However, the virus was not transmitted to yearlings. BTV serotype 1 RNA was detected in red deer immediately after its first detection in cattle.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Natural, Rural and Marine Environment (RASVE 274/2007, and an agreement between Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN), Dirección General de Recursos Agricolas y Ganaderos (DGRAG), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC). F.R.-F. is supported by a postdoctoral contract of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of the Spanish government.Peer Reviewe

Gene expression analysis of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum in the presence of tomato plants, chitin, or glucose using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has recently been shown that the <it>Trichoderma </it>fungal species used for biocontrol of plant diseases are capable of interacting with plant roots directly, behaving as symbiotic microorganisms. With a view to providing further information at transcriptomic level about the early response of <it>Trichoderma </it>to a host plant, we developed a high-density oligonucleotide (HDO) microarray encompassing 14,081 Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-based transcripts from eight <it>Trichoderma </it>spp. and 9,121 genome-derived transcripts of <it>T. reesei</it>, and we have used this microarray to examine the gene expression of <it>T. harzianum </it>either alone or in the presence of tomato plants, chitin, or glucose.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Global microarray analysis revealed 1,617 probe sets showing differential expression in <it>T. harzianum </it>mycelia under at least one of the culture conditions tested as compared with one another. Hierarchical clustering and heat map representation showed that the expression patterns obtained in glucose medium clustered separately from the expression patterns observed in the presence of tomato plants and chitin. Annotations using the Blast2GO suite identified 85 of the 257 transcripts whose probe sets afforded up-regulated expression in response to tomato plants. Some of these transcripts were predicted to encode proteins related to <it>Trichoderma</it>-host (fungus or plant) associations, such as Sm1/Elp1 protein, proteases P6281 and PRA1, enchochitinase CHIT42, or QID74 protein, although previously uncharacterized genes were also identified, including those responsible for the possible biosynthesis of nitric oxide, xenobiotic detoxification, mycelium development, or those related to the formation of infection structures in plant tissues.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The effectiveness of the <it>Trichoderma </it>HDO microarray to detect different gene responses under different growth conditions in the fungus <it>T. harzianum </it>strongly indicates that this tool should be useful for further assays that include different stages of plant colonization, as well as for expression studies in other <it>Trichoderma </it>spp. represented on it. Using this microarray, we have been able to define a number of genes probably involved in the transcriptional response of <it>T. harzianum </it>within the first hours of contact with tomato plant roots, which may provide new insights into the mechanisms and roles of this fungus in the <it>Trichoderma</it>-plant interaction.</p

Cell Microencapsulation Technologies for Sustained Drug Delivery: Latest Advances in Efficacy and Biosafety

The development of cell microencapsulation systems began several decades ago. However, today few systems have been tested in clinical trials. For this reason, in the last years, researchers have directed efforts towards trying to solve some of the key aspects that still limit efficacy and biosafety, the two major criteria that must be satisfied to reach the clinical practice. Regarding the efficacy, which is closely related to biocompatibility, substantial improvements have been made, such as the purification or chemical modification of the alginates that normally form the microspheres. Each of the components that make up the microcapsules has been carefully selected to avoid toxicities that can damage the encapsulated cells or generate an immune response leading to pericapsular fibrosis. As for the biosafety, researchers have developed biological circuits capable of actively responding to the needs of the patients to precisely and accurately release the demanded drug dose. Furthermore, the structure of the devices has been subject of study to adequately protect the encapsulated cells and prevent their spread in the body. The objective of this review is to describe the latest advances made by scientist to improve the efficacy and biosafety of cell microencapsulation systems for sustained drug delivery, also highlighting those points that still need to be optimized

Combinatorial formulas for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials with respect to W-graph ideals

In \cite{y1} Yin generalized the definition of $W$-graph ideal $E_J$ in weighted Coxeter groups and introduced the weighted Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials $\left \{ P_{x,y} \mid x,y\in E_J\right \}$, where $J$ is a subset of simple generators $S$. In this paper, we study the combinatorial formulas for those polynomials, which extend the results of Deodhar \cite{v3} and Tagawa \cite{h1}.Comment: 16 page

First Detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern in an Asymptomatic Dog in Spain

Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets has been widely documented during the last year. Although the majority of reports suggested that dogs’ susceptibility to the infection is low, little is known about viral pathogenicity and transmissibility in the case of variants of concern, such as B.1.1.7 in this species. Here, as part of a large-scale study on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in pets in Spain, we have detected the B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) in a dog whose owners were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The animal did not present any symptoms, but viral loads were high in the nasal and rectal swabs. In addition, viral isolation was possible from both swabs, demonstrating that the dog was shedding infectious virus. Seroconversion occurred 23 days after the first sampling. This study documents the first detection of B.1.1.7 VOC in a dog in Spain and emphasizes the importance of performing active surveillance and genomic investigation on infected animals

Evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central Spain

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is known about the sharing of BVDV infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is important for designing eradication campaigns and preventing outbreaks, especially on hunting estates with high animal densities

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

BACKGROUND Herpesvirus and poxvirus can infect a wide range of species: herpesvirus genetic material has been detected and amplified in five species of the superfamily Pinnipedia; poxvirus genetic material, in eight species of Pinnipedia. To date, however, genetic material of these viruses has not been detected in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), another marine mammal of the Pinnipedia clade, even though anti-herpesvirus antibodies have been detected in these animals. CASE PRESENTATION In February 2013, a 9-year-old healthy captive female Pacific walrus died unexpectedly at L'Oceanografic (Valencia, Spain). Herpesvirus was detected in pharyngeal tonsil tissue by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Poxvirus was also detected by PCR in skin, pre-scapular and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and tonsils. Gross lesions were not detected in any tissue, but histopathological analyses of pharyngeal tonsils and lymph nodes revealed remarkable lymphoid depletion and lymphocytolysis. Similar histopathological lesions have been previously described in bovine calves infected with an alphaherpesvirus, and in northern elephant seals infected with a gammaherpesvirus that is closely related to the herpesvirus found in this case. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with poxviral infection, were also observed in the epithelium of the tonsilar mucosa. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a walrus. Neither virus was likely to have contributed directly to the death of our animal