Implementasi Profesionalisme Guru Dalam Memotivasi Belajar Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar

Professionalism seems to develop at all sectors in Indonesia today. Many efforts have been undertaken by the decision makers of education to pursue it. Among other efforts done by the authorities is the professional teacher certification. The implementation of professional teacher certification has basically referred to the Law No. 19, year 2005, on the National Education Standard; and the Governmental Regulation No. 74 year 2008 on Teachers, which suggest that teachers are obliged to have relevant academic qualification, competence and certification of educator. The objective of those regulations is only very prestigious i.e. to make them enhance qualified working experience within a certain interval of time. Hopefully, after they are certified professionally, they are able to encourage students to learn, especially for elementary student

Knowledge, attitude and use of labour pain relief methods among women attending antenatal clinic in Nairobi

Background: Labour analgesia has rapidly gained popularity in obstetric practice. Low usage in the developing world has raised concern. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and use of labour pain relief methods in women attending antenatal clinic in Nairobi. Design: A prospective study. Setting: Aga Khan University Hospital, a teaching and referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects: Two hundred and two consecutive expectant mothers attending antenatal clinic at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Results: Fifty-six per cent of the participants had knowledge about labour pain relief methods. Friends, the antenatal clinic and books/leaflets were the major source on information. Ninety per cent indicated they would intend to have some form of labour pain relief at their next delivery. Eighteen percent had been offered some form of pain relief at their last delivery with 82% of those offered having effective pain relief (P \u3c 0.001). Conclusions: While most of our participants were well educated, level of knowledge of labour analgesia is still low. Use of labour analgesia is also still quite low in comparison to the western World. It is recommended that obstetricians and anaesthetists participate in knowledge dissemination and setup of dedicated labour analgesia services in this regio

Spectroscopy as a rapid detecting paprika powder adulteration

Paprika powder, a spice known for imparting flavour, colour and aroma in foods has recently become compromised by fraudulent activities involving diverse adulterants such as corn flour and has prompted quality assurance (QA) measures. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive method gaining grounds in QA applications. The study applied NIRS to detect paprika powder adulterated with corn flour. Chemometric evaluation spectra showed that NIRS could discriminate cornflour adulteration with 100% classification accuracy. Adulteration was also predicted with high accuracies coefficient of determination (R2CV) between 0.97 and 0.99 and low errors (0.72 g/100g), proving the future QA applications of NIRS

Pharmacy workers' knowledge and provision of medication for termination of pregnancy in Kenya.

OBJECTIVE: To assess pharmacy workers' knowledge and provision of abortion information and methods in Kenya. METHODS: In 2013 we interviewed 235 pharmacy workers in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu about the medical abortion services they provide. We also used mystery clients, who made 401 visits to pharmacies to collect first-hand information on abortion practices. RESULTS: The majority (87.5%) of pharmacy workers had heard of misoprostol but only 39.2% had heard of mifepristone. We found that pharmacy workers had limited knowledge of correct medical abortion regimens, side effects and complications and the legal status of abortion drugs. 49.8% of pharmacy workers reported providing abortion information to clients and 4.3% reported providing abortion methods. 75.2% of pharmacies referred mystery clients to another provider, though 64.2% of pharmacies advised mystery clients to continue with their pregnancy. Pharmacy workers reported that they were experiencing demand for abortion services from clients. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy workers are important providers of information and referrals for women seeking abortion, however their medical abortion knowledge is limited. Training pharmacy workers on medical abortion may improve the quality of information provided and access to safe abortion

MannDB – A microbial database of automated protein sequence analyses and evidence integration for protein characterization

BACKGROUND: MannDB was created to meet a need for rapid, comprehensive automated protein sequence analyses to support selection of proteins suitable as targets for driving the development of reagents for pathogen or protein toxin detection. Because a large number of open-source tools were needed, it was necessary to produce a software system to scale the computations for whole-proteome analysis. Thus, we built a fully automated system for executing software tools and for storage, integration, and display of automated protein sequence analysis and annotation data. DESCRIPTION: MannDB is a relational database that organizes data resulting from fully automated, high-throughput protein-sequence analyses using open-source tools. Types of analyses provided include predictions of cleavage, chemical properties, classification, features, functional assignment, post-translational modifications, motifs, antigenicity, and secondary structure. Proteomes (lists of hypothetical and known proteins) are downloaded and parsed from Genbank and then inserted into MannDB, and annotations from SwissProt are downloaded when identifiers are found in the Genbank entry or when identical sequences are identified. Currently 36 open-source tools are run against MannDB protein sequences either on local systems or by means of batch submission to external servers. In addition, BLAST against protein entries in MvirDB, our database of microbial virulence factors, is performed. A web client browser enables viewing of computational results and downloaded annotations, and a query tool enables structured and free-text search capabilities. When available, links to external databases, including MvirDB, are provided. MannDB contains whole-proteome analyses for at least one representative organism from each category of biological threat organism listed by APHIS, CDC, HHS, NIAID, USDA, USFDA, and WHO. CONCLUSION: MannDB comprises a large number of genomes and comprehensive protein sequence analyses representing organisms listed as high-priority agents on the websites of several governmental organizations concerned with bio-terrorism. MannDB provides the user with a BLAST interface for comparison of native and non-native sequences and a query tool for conveniently selecting proteins of interest. In addition, the user has access to a web-based browser that compiles comprehensive and extensive reports. Access to MannDB is freely available at

Physical activity awareness and preferences in rheumatic diseases: a qualitative study

Background: Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death (1) and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs), especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), report low cardiorespiratory fitness levels (2), placing them at an increased risk of premature mortality and CVD.Published versio

Adolescent girls’ and young mothers’ knowledge and use of antenatal care in the Ahafo Region, Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial to reducing maternal and neonatal deaths, but few studies examined adolescent girls’ and young women’s ANC utilisation and knowledge in Ghana. Aim: To assess adolescents’ and young mothers’ knowledge of ANC, utilisation and factors influencing its use in Ghana. Setting: Tano North Municipality, Ahafo Region. Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study involved 440 adolescent and young mothers (between 10 and 24 years). A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data face-to-face. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed, and p  0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 440 respondents, most were aged 20–24 years (61.2%), married (30.0%), Christians (78.2%), completed junior high school (JHS) (47.8%) and traders (38.9%). Postnatal mothers were 71.6% (315), and all had utilised ANC services. Antenatal care knowledge was good among 75% (330) respondents, with no significant variation by age. Religion influenced knowledge, with Muslims having lower knowledge. Antenatal care utilisation was high ( 50%) among those aged 15–19 years, married, Christians, JHS graduates and traders. Age, marital status and employment type significantly influenced ANC utilisation. Individuals in the age group 15–19 years and married women demonstrated higher odds of utilising ANC services. Casual workers and unemployed respondents were found to have lower odds of utilising ANC services compared to traders. Conclusion: Age, marital status, and employment type influenced ANC utilisation in the Ahafo Region. Adolescent mothers under 15 years had lower rates, requiring targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes. Contribution: This study highlights the knowledge and factors influencing ANC use in Ahafo Region and adds to the existing research evidence on ANC

The Population Structure of Glossina palpalis gambiensis from Island and Continental Locations in Coastal Guinea

Guinea is the country with the highest prevalence of sleeping sickness in West Africa, and we undertook a population genetics analysis there of the most dangerous tsetse fly species of West Africa, Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Our aims were to estimate effective population size and the degree of isolation between coastal sites on the mainland of Guinea (including Dubréka, a highly prevalent sleeping sickness focus) and Loos Islands in order to get the most possible accurate vision of feasibility and sustainability of anti-tsetse strategies of these sites. We found very low migration rates of tsetse between sites except between those situated in the Dubréka area, which seems to contain a widely distributed panmictic tsetse population (i.e. a population where mating occurs at random). Effective population sizes on Loos islands estimated with various techniques all converged to surprisingly small values. These values might be explained by a recent decrease in tsetse numbers on Kassa Island due to bauxite mining activities. But on the other sites, other explanations have to be found, including possible variance in reproductive success. Our genetic results suggest that different control strategies should be advised on the mainland (reduction in tsetse densities, no elimination) compared to the islands (total elimination feasible). This approach could be extended to many areas where vector control of Human and Animal Trypanosomoses is contemplated

New evidence for habitat specific selection in Wadden Sea Zostera marina populations revealed by genome scanning using SNP and microsatellite markers

Eelgrass Zostera marina is an ecosystem-engineering species of outstanding importance for coastal soft sediment habitats that lives in widely diverging habitats. Our first goal was to detect divergent selection and habitat adaptation at the molecular genetic level; hence, we compared three pairs of permanently submerged versus intertidal populations using genome scans, a genetic marker-based approach. Three different statistical approaches for outlier identification revealed divergent selection at 6 loci among 46 markers (6 SNPs, 29 EST microsatellites and 11 anonymous microsatellites). These outlier loci were repeatedly detected in parallel habitat comparisons, suggesting the influence of habitat-specific selection. A second goal was to test the consistency of the general genome scan approach by doubling the number of gene-linked microsatellites and adding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, a novel marker type for seagrasses, compared to a previous study. Reassuringly, results with respect to selection were consistent among most marker loci. Functionally interesting marker loci were linked to genes involved in osmoregulation and water balance, suggesting different osmotic stress, and reproductive processes (seed maturation), pointing to different life history strategies. The identified outlier loci are valuable candidates for further investigation into the genetic basis of natural selection

Increased activation of blood neutrophils after cigarette smoking in young individuals susceptible to COPD

Background: Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Only a subgroup of smokers develops COPD and it is unclear why these individuals are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking. The risk to develop COPD is known to be higher in individuals with familial aggregation of COPD. This study aimed to investigate if acute systemic and local immune responses to cigarette smoke differentiate between individuals susceptible or non-susceptible to develop COPD, both at young (18-40 years) and old (40-75 years) age. Methods: All participants smoked three cigarettes in one hour. Changes in inflammatory markers in peripheral blood (at 0 and 3 hours) and in bronchial biopsies (at 0 and 24 hours) were investigated. Acute effects of smoking were analyzed within and between susceptible and non-susceptible individuals, and by multiple regression analysis. Results: Young susceptible individuals showed significantly higher increases in the expression of Fc gamma RII (CD32) in its active forms (A17 and A27) on neutrophils after smoking (p = 0.016 and 0.028 respectively), independently of age, smoking status and expression of the respective markers at baseline. Smoking had no significant effect on mediators in blood or inflammatory cell counts in bronchial biopsies. In the old group, acute effects of smoking were comparable between healthy controls and COPD patients. Conclusions: We show for the first time that COPD susceptibility at young age associates with an increased systemic innate immune response to cigarette smoking. This suggests a role of systemic inflammation in the early induction phase of COPD