Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Wood Adhesives From Eucalyptus Tar And Creosote [alcatrão Ou Creosoto De Eucalipto Na Produção De Adesivos Fenólicos Para Colagem De Madeira]

This study has shown that Eucalyptus tar and creosote can be used in phenolic adhesive formulations (resols) for wood products bonding. Some adhesives were prepared substituting 0; 17.7; 35.0 and 67.0% of the phenol by anhydrous tar and 0; 15.0 e 28.5% by creosote. In gluing Brazilian pine veneers, eucalypt tar and creosote based adhesives required longer pressing times for curing than conventional phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. By using 13C NMR, the number of carbons in side chains and hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and methoxyl groups related to 100 aromatic rings could be estimated in tar and creosote. In creosote, after reaction with excess formaldehyde in alkaline medium, only 0,28 hydroxymethyl groups was detected per phenolic ring. This low amount of hydroxymethylation explains the lack of reactivity in curing observed when creosote was introduced in a standard adhesive formulation.204365371Christiansen, A.W., Gollob, L., (1985) J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 30, p. 2279Keinert Jr., S., Wolf, F., (1984) Alternativas de Adesivos à Base de Taninos para Madeira, p. 25. , Curitiba, FUPEF, Série TécnicaLewis, N.G., Lantzy, T., (1989) Adhesives from Renewable Resources Washington, pp. 96-109. , American Chemical Society ACS symposium seriesDolenko, A.J., Clarke, M.R., (1978) Forest Products Journal, 28, p. 41Pizzi, A., (1994) Advanced Wood Adhesives Technology, , New York, Marcel DekkerChum, H., Diebold, J., Scahill, J., Thompson, D., Black, S., Sdhroeder, H., Kreibich, R.E., (1989) Adhesives from Renewable Resources, pp. 135-151. , American Chemical Society.ACS, Washington, ACS symposium seriesSantos, C.G., Laranjeira, A.D., Carazza, F., (1988) Quím. Nova, 11, p. 284Pasa, V.M.D., Otani, C., Carazza, F., (1993) Proceedings of the 3re Brazilian Symposium of Lignins and Other Wood Components, 4. , Belo HorizontePasa, V.M.D., (1994) Piche Do Alcatrão de Eucalyptus: Obtenção, Caracterização e Desenvolvimento de Aplicações, , Imprensa Universitária - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Tese de DoutoramentoCampbell, A.G., Walsh, A.R., (1985) J. Adhesion, 18, p. 301Elder, T.J.J., (1979) The Caracterization and Potential Utilization of the Phenolic Compounds Found in a Pyrolitic Oil, 91p. , Texas, A & M University, Tese de DoutoramentoMaciel, A.S., (1989) Produção de Adesivos a Partir de Derivados Fenólicos de Alcatrão Vegetal, 89p. , Viçosa, MG, UFV, Dissertação de MestradoWenzil, H.F.J., (1970) The Chemical Technology of Wood, , John Wiley e Sons, New YorkGillespie, R.H., (1989) Adhesives from Renewable Resources, pp. 135-151. , American Chemical Society. ACS, Washington, ACS symposium seriesPimenta, A.S., Vital, B.R., Brazilian Patent. INPI - PI 9502117-5, publicada 19/05/95(1994) Annual Book of Standards, , WashingtonMaarton, J., Marton, T., Falkehag, S.I., Adler, E., (1966) Adv. Chem. Ser., 59, p. 12