Penetración de Cefalotina en líquido tisular de músculo y tejido muscular

The aim ot fhe present work was to compare the penetration in muscle tissue fluid (MTF) and muscle tissue (MT) of cephalotin administered in rabbits. Animals were distributed in Trial 1 (n = 15) and Trial 2 ( n= 6). In the Trial 1 the animals were implanted in ischiotibial muscle with non reactive material cages. Animals recibed subcutaneously (sc) cephalotin (20 mg/kg) and blood, MTF and MT samples were recollected. In the Trial 2 the animals recibed cephalotin (20 mg/kg) intravenously (iv) and blood samples were recollected. Pharmacokinetic analysis were performed using a non-compartmental model. Results: terminal disposition rate constant (λz ) (serum iv) 1.43 ± 0.54, (serum sc) 1.90, (MTF) 0.57 and (MT) 1.80 h–1 ; elimination half-life (t1/2 ) (serum iv) 0.53 ± 0.13, (serum sc) 0.36, (MTF) 1.20 and (MT) 0.38 h; the area under the curve [AUC(0-6) ] (serum iv) 60.40 ± 38.20, (serum sc) 45.90, (MTF) 21.60 and (MT) 3.00 μg.ml–1 h. and the bioavailability (F) was 76%. The penetration of cephalotin in MTF and MT were. 47.70 and 6.43%, respectively. Cephalotin administered subcutaneously in rabbit presented higher bioavailability, distribution in extracelullar fluid and low penetration in muscle tissue.Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron comparar la penetración in líquido tisular de músculo (MTF) y tejido muscular (MT) de cefalotina administrada a conejos. Los animales fueron distribuidos en Experimento 1 (n = 15) y Experimento 2 (n = 6). En el Experimento 1 los conejos fueron implantados en tejido muscular con cajas confeccionadas con material no reactivo. Posteriormente recibieron subcutáneamente (sc) cefalotina (20 mg/kg) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre, MTF y MT. En el Experimento 2 los animales recibieron cefalotina (20 mg/kg) vía endovenosa (iv) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre. El análisis farmacocinético fue realizado utilizando un modelo no compartimental. Resultados: constante de velocidad de eliminación (λz ) (suero iv) 1,43 ± 0,54, (suero sc) 1,90, (MTF) 0,57 y (MT) 1,80 h–1 ; tiempo medio de eliminación (t1/2 ) (suero iv) 0,53 ± 0,13, (suero sc) 0,36, (MTF) 1,20 y (MT) 0,38 h; área bajo la curva [AUC(0-6) ] (suero iv) 60,40 ± 38,20, (suero sc) 45,90, (MTF) 21,60 y (MT) 3,00 μg.ml–1 h y biodisponibilidad (F) 76%. La penetración de cefalotina en MTF y MT fue de 47,70 y. 6,43%, respectivamente. La cefalotina administrada subcutáneamente en conejos presentó alta biodisponibilidad, distribución en líquido extracelular y baja penetración en tejido muscular

Intranasal drug delivery: an alternative for the administration of central acting drugs in horses

La vía intranasal es reconocida en medicina humana como una vía muy promisoria para la administración sistémica y cerebral de fármacos. Es una vía de administración indolora, incruenta, económica, y práctica. Por sus características, es muy útil para la aplicación de fármacos en pacientes con alteraciones orales, con diarrea o que no cooperen. Además, es una potencial vía directa al sistema nervioso central (SNC). Su uso en medicina veterinaria es muy raro, salvo para la administración de tratamientos locales. En la especie equina, aun cuando no hay estudios completos y profundos sobre las características anatomofisiológicas de la cavidad nasal, su gran superficie e irrigación (área potencial de absorción) permiten inferir su viabilidad para la administración sistémica de fármacos. En el presente artículo se discuten las características de la cavidad nasal de los equinos en relación a las diversas vías de absorción sistémica y del transporte nariz-cerebro de fármacos, así como las potenciales aplicaciones de esta vía de administración.The intranasal route is recognized as a very promising route for the systemic and cerebral administration of drugs in human medicine. It is a painless, non­invasive, economical, and practical administration route. Due to its characteristics, it is very useful for the application of drugs in non­cooperative patients, as well as those with oral alterations or diarrhoea or, being a potential direct route to the central nervous system (CNS). However, its use in veterinary medicine is very rare, except for the administration of local treatments. Even though there are no complete and thorough studies on the anatomophysiological characteristics of the nasal cavity in the equine species, its large surface area and irrigation and consequent potential absorption area suggest a promising alternative for the systemic administration of drugs. In the present article, the characteristics of the nasal cavity of horses in relation to the various routes of systemic absorption and nose­brain passage of drugs are discussed, as well as the potential applications of this route of administration.Fil: Ferreira, Violeta. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela; ArgentinaFil: Velloso, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vita, Mariangeles. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Landoni, Maria Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Cephalotin penetration into muscle tissue fluid and muscle tissue

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron comparar la penetración in líquido tisular de músculo (MTF) y tejido muscular (MT) de cefalotina administrada a conejos. Los animales fueron distribuidos en Experimento 1 (n = 15) y Experimento 2 (n = 6). En el Experimento 1 los conejos fueron implantados en tejido muscular con cajas confeccionadas con material no reactivo. Posteriormente recibieron subcutáneamente (sc) cefalotina (20 mg/kg) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre, MTF y MT. En el Experimento 2 los animales recibieron cefalotina (20 mg/kg) vía endovenosa (iv) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre. El análisis farmacocinético fue realizado utilizando un modelo no compartimental. Resultados: constante de velocidad de eliminación (λz ) (suero iv) 1,43 ± 0,54, (suero sc) 1,90, (MTF) 0,57 y (MT) 1,80 h–1 ; tiempo medio de eliminación (t1/2 ) (suero iv) 0,53 ± 0,13, (suero sc) 0,36, (MTF) 1,20 y (MT) 0,38 h; área bajo la curva [AUC(0-6) ] (suero iv) 60,40 ± 38,20, (suero sc) 45,90, (MTF) 21,60 y (MT) 3,00 μg.ml–1 h y biodisponibilidad (F) 76%. La penetración de cefalotina en MTF y MT fue de 47,70 y. 6,43%, respectivamente. La cefalotina administrada subcutáneamente en conejos presentó alta biodisponibilidad, distribución en líquido extracelular y baja penetración en tejido muscular.The aim ot fhe present work was to compare the penetration in muscle tissue fluid (MTF) and muscle tissue (MT) of cephalotin administered in rabbits. Animals were distributed in Trial 1 (n = 15) and Trial 2 ( n= 6). In the Trial 1 the animals were implanted in ischiotibial muscle with non reactive material cages. Animals recibed subcutaneously (sc) cephalotin (20 mg/kg) and blood, MTF and MT samples were recollected. In the Trial 2 the animals recibed cephalotin (20 mg/kg) intravenously (iv) and blood samples were recollected. Pharmacokinetic analysis were performed using a non-compartmental model. Results: terminal disposition rate constant (λz ) (serum iv) 1.43 ± 0.54, (serum sc) 1.90, (MTF) 0.57 and (MT) 1.80 h–1 ; elimination half-life (t1/2 ) (serum iv) 0.53 ± 0.13, (serum sc) 0.36, (MTF) 1.20 and (MT) 0.38 h; the area under the curve [AUC(0-6) ] (serum iv) 60.40 ± 38.20, (serum sc) 45.90, (MTF) 21.60 and (MT) 3.00 μg.ml–1 h. and the bioavailability (F) was 76%. The penetration of cephalotin in MTF and MT were. 47.70 and 6.43%, respectively. Cephalotin administered subcutaneously in rabbit presented higher bioavailability, distribution in extracelullar fluid and low penetration in muscle tissue.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Cephalotin penetration into muscle tissue fluid and muscle tissue

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron comparar la penetración in líquido tisular de músculo (MTF) y tejido muscular (MT) de cefalotina administrada a conejos. Los animales fueron distribuidos en Experimento 1 (n = 15) y Experimento 2 (n = 6). En el Experimento 1 los conejos fueron implantados en tejido muscular con cajas confeccionadas con material no reactivo. Posteriormente recibieron subcutáneamente (sc) cefalotina (20 mg/kg) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre, MTF y MT. En el Experimento 2 los animales recibieron cefalotina (20 mg/kg) vía endovenosa (iv) y se recolectaron muestras de sangre. El análisis farmacocinético fue realizado utilizando un modelo no compartimental. Resultados: constante de velocidad de eliminación (λz ) (suero iv) 1,43 ± 0,54, (suero sc) 1,90, (MTF) 0,57 y (MT) 1,80 h–1 ; tiempo medio de eliminación (t1/2 ) (suero iv) 0,53 ± 0,13, (suero sc) 0,36, (MTF) 1,20 y (MT) 0,38 h; área bajo la curva [AUC(0-6) ] (suero iv) 60,40 ± 38,20, (suero sc) 45,90, (MTF) 21,60 y (MT) 3,00 μg.ml–1 h y biodisponibilidad (F) 76%. La penetración de cefalotina en MTF y MT fue de 47,70 y. 6,43%, respectivamente. La cefalotina administrada subcutáneamente en conejos presentó alta biodisponibilidad, distribución en líquido extracelular y baja penetración en tejido muscular.The aim ot fhe present work was to compare the penetration in muscle tissue fluid (MTF) and muscle tissue (MT) of cephalotin administered in rabbits. Animals were distributed in Trial 1 (n = 15) and Trial 2 ( n= 6). In the Trial 1 the animals were implanted in ischiotibial muscle with non reactive material cages. Animals recibed subcutaneously (sc) cephalotin (20 mg/kg) and blood, MTF and MT samples were recollected. In the Trial 2 the animals recibed cephalotin (20 mg/kg) intravenously (iv) and blood samples were recollected. Pharmacokinetic analysis were performed using a non-compartmental model. Results: terminal disposition rate constant (λz ) (serum iv) 1.43 ± 0.54, (serum sc) 1.90, (MTF) 0.57 and (MT) 1.80 h–1 ; elimination half-life (t1/2 ) (serum iv) 0.53 ± 0.13, (serum sc) 0.36, (MTF) 1.20 and (MT) 0.38 h; the area under the curve [AUC(0-6) ] (serum iv) 60.40 ± 38.20, (serum sc) 45.90, (MTF) 21.60 and (MT) 3.00 μg.ml–1 h. and the bioavailability (F) was 76%. The penetration of cephalotin in MTF and MT were. 47.70 and 6.43%, respectively. Cephalotin administered subcutaneously in rabbit presented higher bioavailability, distribution in extracelullar fluid and low penetration in muscle tissue.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Vía intranasal: una alternativa para la administración de fármacos de acción central en equinos

The intranasal route is recognized as a very promising route for the systemic and cerebral administration of drugs in human medicine. It is a painless, noninvasive, economical, and practical administration route. Due to its characteristics, it is very useful for the application of drugs in noncooperative patients, as well as those with oral alterations or diarrhoea or, being a potential direct route to the central nervous system (CNS). However, its use in veterinary medicine is very rare, except for the administration of local treatments. Even though there are no complete and thorough studies on the anatomophysiological characteristics of the nasal cavity in the equine species, its large surface area and irrigation and consequent potential absorption area suggest a promising alternative for the systemic administration of drugs. In the present article, the characteristics of the nasal cavity of horses in relation to the various routes of systemic absorption and nose-brain passage of drugs are discussed, as well as the potential applications of this route of administration.La vía intranasal es reconocida en medicina humana como una vía muy promisoria para la administración sistémica y cerebral de fármacos. Es una vía de administración indolora, incruenta, económica y práctica. Por sus características, es muy útil para la aplicación de fármacos en pacientes con alteraciones orales, con diarrea o que no cooperen. Además, es una potencial vía directa al sistema nervioso central (SNC). Su uso en medicina veterinaria es muy raro, salvo para la administración de tratamientos locales. En la especie equina, aun cuando no hay estudios completos y profundos sobre las características anatomofisiológicas de la cavidad nasal, su gran superficie e irrigación (área potencial de absorción) permiten inferir su viabilidad para la administración sistémica de fármacos. En el presente artículo se discuten las características de la cavidad nasal de los equinos en relación a las diversas vías de absorción sistémica y del transporte nariz-cerebrode fármacos, así como las potenciales aplicaciones de esta vía de administración