A Study of the Role of Probiotics in Irritable Bowel syndrome

INTRODUCTION : Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), the prototypical functional GI disorder, is common throughout the world and often requires care from primary care and specialist physicians. Because no etiology is found with routine treatment testing, IBS is a symptom-based diagnosis, requiring chronic abdominal discomfort / pain and abnormal bowel function; other Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are also common. Though it is considered as a functional bowel disorder the burden of the disease to the patient is very high and the quality of life in patients with IBS is miserable. Once an IBS sufferer has told “some of my earliest memories are sitting in the back of a car in excruciating pain during family trips and not telling anyone” and such is the quality of life in patients with IBS. IBS appear to be part of a continuum of GI and CNS (Central nervous system) reactions to external and internal stimuli. At one end of this spectrum, many people have functional GI symptoms in response to emotional stress. Many such individuals do not seek health care for these symptoms, yet others have severe symptoms with or without stress that impair their quality of life. In the absence of a biological marker, defining abnormality on the spectrum ranging from occasional, stress related GI symptoms in people not seeking care to disabling symptoms in patients with refractory IBS is controversial. AIM : The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of probiotics in Irritable bowel syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Patients with Irritable bowel syndrome fulfilling the Rome III Criteria attending the outpatient department of the Department of Medical Gastroenterology were included in the study. Patients with red flag signs, those who are already on probiotics and those who are not willing for the study are excluded from the study .Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee. A written informed consent was obtained from all the patients entering the study. The study is a prospective single blind randomized controlled study. CONCLUSION : In patients with constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C), probiotics improves bloating and quality of life (QOL) when compared to placebo, however the improvement in abdominal pain and frequency of stools was not significant. In patients with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D), probiotics improves the frequency of stools when compared to placebo but the improvement in abdominal pain, bloating and quality of life was not significant. Hence from our study we conclude that probiotic treatment have a definitive role in the constipation predominant IBS patients with bloating and in reducing the stool frequency in diarrhea predominant IBS with high frequency of stool passage (>5 stools/day)

Antidiabetic potential of Lantana aculeata root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The present study investigates the antidiabetic potential of dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata, a weed belonging to verbenaceae family on biochemical profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effects of an ethanolic extract of the dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma insulin and liver glycogen were examined in control and experimental groups. Lantana aculeata root extract reduced the serum glucose concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours. To verify the activity sub-chronically, the extract administered orally in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg to diabetic rats for 30 days, that significantly reduced the level of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in insulin and glycogen concentration to near normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that roots of Lantana aculeata possess antidiabetic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The activity might be due to high concentration of oleanolic acid present in the roots.Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Lantana aculeata roots, Oleanolic aci

Implementation of Driver Software of Trailer Module Chip

The aim of the project is to develop a driver software for UJA1076A SBC in embedded C using IAR Embedded Workbench and integrate the driver software with application software of Trailer module. Currently MC33903 system basis chip from Freescale is used in Trailer Module. As an initiative to reduce the material cost for the Trailer module product, a lower price SBC NXP UJA1076A has been used. Also due to the fact that the newly proposed SBC has less number of operating modes and registers to configure, it helps in making the driver software much more simpler, thus reducing the risk of hidden issues in the otherwise complex design and code of the current SBC driver software

SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPLE TRIAL VECTORS IN CLASSICAL DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION FOR OPTIMIZING THE QUANTIZATION TABLE IN JPEG BASELINE ALGORITHM

Quantization Table is responsible for compression / quality trade-off in baseline Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm and therefore it is viewed as an optimization problem. In the literature, it has been found that Classical Differential Evolution (CDE) is a promising algorithm to generate the optimal quantization table. However, the searching capability of CDE could be limited due to generation of single trial vector in an iteration which in turn reduces the convergence speed. This paper studies the performance of CDE by employing multiple trial vectors in a single iteration. An extensive performance analysis has been made between CDE and CDE with multiple trial vectors in terms of Optimization process, accuracy, convergence speed and reliability. The analysis report reveals that CDE with multiple trial vectors improves the convergence speed of CDE and the same is confirmed using a statistical hypothesis test (t-test)

A Context-Responsive LSTM based IoT Enabled E- Healthcare Monitoring System for Arrhythmia Detection

Detecting Arrhythmia, a life-threatening cardiac condition, in real-time is crucial for timely intervention and improved healthcare outcomes. Traditional manual methods for Arrhythmia detection using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are error-prone and resource-intensive. To address these limitations, this paper presents an automated system based on the Context Responsive Long Short-Term Memory (CR-LSTM) model for real-time Arrhythmia classification. The system leverages IoT technology to continuously monitor vital signs and effectively combines contextual information with temporal sensor data to accurately discern different types of Arrhythmias. The CR-LSTM model achieves an impressive accuracy of 99.72% in multiclass classification of Arrhythmias, making it a promising solution for dynamic healthcare settings and proactive personalized care

Characterization and evaluation ethyl acetate extract of melochia corchorifolia leaf- anticancer antibiological and molecular docking studies on breast cancer estrogen receptor

188-196The present work focused on Phytochemical screening, characterization, anticancer activity and antibiological activity of ethyl acetate extract of Melochia corchorifolia leaves followed by molecular docking studies have been carried out. The plant leaves have been collected, weighed, and extracted with the soxhlet apparatus by using ethyl acetate solvent and then extracted are subjected to phytochemical screening.  Antibiological activity of plant leaves ethyl acetate extract has been tested against six bacterial and two fungal strains using agar well diffusion methodology. The characterization of phytoconstituents compounds has been carried out using various spectroscopy method such as GC-MS (Gas chromatography Mass spectroscopy), UV-visible and Fourier-transform infrared. Auto dock tool (4.2.0) is used for molecular docking studies. The phytochemical analysis of Melochia corchorifolia ethyl acetate leaves, reveals the existence of carbohydrates, glycosides, triterpenes flavonoids and alkaloids. Antimicrobial activity is effective against gram-positive bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus (17 mm), Bacillus subtilis (16 mm), the gram-negative bacterial strains namely Salmonella typhi (15 mm) and E. coli (14 mm). Moreover, the extract is also found to be effective against Aspergillus Niger (18 mm) fungal species. The GC-MS and FT-IR analysis show bioactive compounds and their functional groups. UV-VIS analysis results reveal that the presence of phytoconstituents derivatives in the range between 206-350 nm. The cytotoxicity activity for the MCF-7 cell line shows that the drug efficacy IC50 value is 148.836 (μg/mL). Further, the predicted bioactive compounds are docked with the cancer estrogen protein receptor (PDB ID: 3s7s) with ligand martidin-15 one shows the highest binding affinity. The study reveals the potential of Melochia corchorifolia leaves ethyl acetate extract showed antibiological and anticancer activity

A STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PEDIATRIC UNIT AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

 Objectives: (1) To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in pediatrics, (2) to identify the pattern of empirical antibiotic usage, (3) to determine the cost analysis of generic antibiotic usage pattern, (4) to assess the different dosage forms of antibiotics.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out. The study population included the medical records of children aged day 1–15 years with bacterial infection who got admitted in the pediatric department of the hospital. The average cost for each generic dosage form of antibiotic was calculated.Result: Among the 176 cases taken for the study, sepsis (35.8%) was found to be the most common disease. Bacterial infection showed gender predominance in males (62.5%) and occurrence of sepsis was highly found in age groups of 0–1 years (55.68%). Among the 14 causative organisms, methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (61.93%) was predominant in Gram-positive and Escherichia coli (38.06%) for Gram-negative. Highly prescribed drug for empirical therapy was considered to be amikacin (39.20%). Widely prescribed antibiotics were amikacin (21%), ceftriaxone (15.1%), ampicillin (12.34%) and meropenem (9.57%), among which meropenem was found to be of high cost.Conclusion: It should be taken care that the drug should be given not only based on the sensitivity pattern but can also consider the economic affordability of the patient, with reference to existing brands from the formulary. This would help in reducing the burden of health-care cost for the patients

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE AND ATTITUDE ON MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL

Menstruation is a monthly occurring physiological process among women when she enters adolescence. Menstruation requires certain requirement and facilities, lacking of which restricts their health and self confidence. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among medical students. A pre formed Self-developed, pre-validated questionnaire was used. The protocol and purpose of the study was explained to students and requested to complete the questionnaire. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Out of 300 students, 270 gave completed response. Mean age of menarche was 12 years. The main source of information regarding the menstrual practice was found to be mother 79.25%. About 68.6% students were aware that menstruation is a physiological process, where as 20% thought that it was a curse of god. Majority of them 80% responded menstrual blood was impure and excessive bleeding will lead to anemia. 100% of the students followed proper sanitary habits. 97.03% of them used sanitary napkins instead of sanitary towels /cloth as menstrual absorbent. 74% girls had regular menses with moderate blood. Menstrual disturbance was seen among 74% of the girls. 60.6% girls were forced to follow different restrictions like not allowed to visit holy places. From our study we came to know that majority of the Medical students have proper knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene. Medical student being a health care professional in future will help in giving proper knowledge about menstrual hygiene and bring in a disease free and healthy society

Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats

Human consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems

Benchmark of Selected Digital Image Processing Algorithms Implemented in Python

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá digitálním zpracováním obrazu v Pythonu, popisem vybraných algoritmů, jejich implementací a použitou technologií. Porovnává rychlosti běhu vybraných algoritmů na zpracování obrazu v C++ a Pythonu, potom Pyhonu s využitím speciální knihovny Numpy a mezi překladači PyPy a Cython.This Bachelor thesis deals with the digital image processing in Python, description of selected algorithms their implementation and used technology. Specifically, it is focused on comparison of speed among selected algorithms, implemented in languages C++ and Python, Python with NumPy library and compilers PyPy and Cython.460 - Katedra informatikydobř