Jamais sans ma voiture ? Les banlieusards des franges de Québec

Le rapport à l’automobile de 70 résidents de secteurs périphériques de l’agglomération de Québec, non desservis par le transport en commun, est analysé à travers leurs comportements de mobilité, ainsi que leurs discours sur l’environnement et l’automobile. Leurs déplacements quotidiens varient beaucoup et tous les actifs ne se déplacent pas quotidiennement vers le centre-ville. Des différences selon l’âge et le sexe caractérisent non tant les comportements en tant que tels, mais plutôt le rapport affectif ou fonctionnel entretenu envers la voiture. Si les femmes aiment conduire leur voiture dans la même proportion que les hommes, ce n’est pas pour les mêmes raisons. Diminuer le recours à la voiture individuelle, ce serait transformer en profondeur tout un mode de vie ; comprendre ce mode de vie et ce pour quoi plusieurs personnes l’apprécient est essentiel dans l’atteinte de cet objectif.In terms of their relationship to the automobile, 70 residents of outlying districts of the Québec City area that are not served by public transit are analysed according to their mobility behaviours, and through their discourse on the environment and on the automobile. Their daily trips vary greatly, and not all employed individuals travel downtown on a daily basis. Differences according to age and gender come to light not so much in terms of their actual behaviours, but rather in terms of their emotional or functional relationships toward cars. While the same proportion of women enjoy driving their cars as men, it is not for the same reasons. Reducing the use of personal cars would deeply transform an entire way of life; an understanding of this way of life and why many appreciate it is essential to the achievement of this objective

L’évolution de la mobilité des femmes à Québec entre 1977 et 1996

D'importants changements sociaux et économiques ont transformé les agglomérations canadiennes au cours des vingt dernières années et ont affecté les comportements de déplacements de leurs résidant(e)s. Cet article décrit l'évolution de la mobilité des femmes demeurant dans l'agglomération urbaine de Québec durant cette période de changements. Les données sur la mobilité sont issues des grandes enquêtes Origine-Destination réalisées par la STCUQ en 1977 et en 1996. La durée et la longueur des déplacements sont obtenues par modélisation dans un système d'information géographique (SIG) en transport. Les résultats montrent que les femmes ont davantage accès à l'automobile, qu'elles se déplacent plus fréquemment, qu'elles parcourent de plus grandes distances pour se rendre au travail et que la durée de leurs déplacements-travail a diminué entre 1977 et 1996. Toutefois, en 1996, les femmes parcourent encore de plus courtes distances que les hommes pour se rendre au travail, particulièrement lorsqu'elles résident en banlieue. Elles se déplacent moins fréquemment que les hommes et ces derniers demeurent les principaux utilisateurs du véhicule familial.Canadian cities have seen important socio-economic changes in the last twenty years. These changes have also transformed the inhabitants' daily travels. The aim of this paper is to describe the mobility changes of women living in the Québec urban area during this period. We used an extensive data base from two origin-destination surveys produced by the STCUQ in 1977 and 1996. Travel distances and travel times are simulated using GIS-transportation software. Our results show that women have better access to cars, that they move more frequently, that their work trips are longer and their travel times are shorter in 1996 than in 1977. Notwithstanding these improvements, 1996 work travel of women is still shorter than that of men, especially if they are living in the suburbs. Also, they travel less frequently than men, who still are the principal users of family car

Homeworking, telecommuting and journey to workplaces - Are differences among genders and professions varying over space?

The aim of this paper is to assess differences on homeworking and teleworking behaviour among genders considering age groups, professional statuses, household structures and car access. The analysis is based on a sample of more than 30,000 workers responding to the 2001 origin-destination (O-D) survey data in Quebec City (Canada). Moreover, this paper puts specific emphasis on linking those differences in behaviour to the location of workplaces related to living places of the respondents. During the O-D survey, every worker was asked to disclose the frequency of homeworking and teleworking he/she was experiencing during the preceding weeks. Answers were later aggregated into six categories: never working at home (88.4% of respondents), working at home 1 day per two weeks or less (4.8%), 1 day per week (1.7%), 2 or 3 days per week (1.2%), 4 days or more per week (0.7%), always working at home (3.2% – homeworkers). However, those patterns show significant differences among genders (higher proportion of females are working entirely at home; higher proportion of males are occasionally working at home), age groups (younger workers seldom work at home and the proportion of teleworker increases with age – about 16% among the 55-64 years old and 27% among the elderly) and professional status (proportion of teleworkers is strongly related to qualifications and decisional status of the person, yielding higher levels of teleworking for managers, self-employed persons, professors and lawyers than for office clerks, technicians and non-qualified workers). This last relationship is very strong suggesting that job empowerment (especially ability to control time schedule) is of paramount importance for the development of teleworking. However, having higher family constraints, lone parents are seeking more flexibility on their work agenda: 12% are experiencing some level of teleworking on top of 3% of them which are homeworkers. Again, the difference appears more significant among male than among female workers, suggesting again a better control of the first group on their work schedule. Moreover, owning a driver license or holding a bus pass does not have the expected effect on teleworking: car drivers are working at home more frequently than other people; conversely 92% of bus users are going to their work place every weekday, leaving a mere 8% to teleworking and homeworking. Significant differences appear when considering workplaces and home locations within the city. People working near the city centre are more willing than others to consider teleworking, people living in the suburban areas show higher levels of homeworking. Finally, significant differences of travel time from home to work were found among various categories of teleworkers and homeworkers. Preliminary results suggest that the development of teleworking could be highly rooted to labour market and household structures as well as to the urban form. Urban sprawl is probably impeding development of teleworking, at least for Quebec City.

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Problèmes d'insomnie et d'intimité dans le cas d'un trouble de stress post-traumatique

1) Personne contact: Marianne Piché-Villeneuve piche.marianne (a) gmail.com 3) Partenaire: Clinique BSOTravail réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHA2415Vidéo sur l'impact de l'insomnie dans le cas d'un trouble de stress post-traumatique.Vidéo sur les problèmes d'intimité dans le cas d'un trouble de stress post-traumatiqueCahier de suivi par rapport aux troubles d'intimité dans le cas d'un trouble de stress post-traumatiqueCahier de suivi par rapport aux troubles du sommeil dans le cas d'un trouble de stress post-traumatiqueRésumé du cours: Conception, réalisation, implantation et évaluation d’un projet d’envergure autour d’une problématique sociale complexe afin de rendre un service à la communauté

Agrosystèmes légumiers : les plantes de service contre les bioagresseurs

National audienc

Restored immune cell functions upon clearance of senescence in the irradiated splenic environment

Some studies show eliminating senescent cells rejuvenate aged mice and attenuate deleterious effects of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether senescence affects immune cell function. We provide evidence that exposure of mice to ionizing radiation (IR) promotes the senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and expression of p16(INK4a) in splenic cell populations. We observe splenic T cells exhibit a reduced proliferative response when cultured with allogenic cells in vitro and following viral infection in vivo. Using p16-3MR mice that allow elimination of p16(INK4a)-positive cells with exposure to ganciclovir, we show that impaired T-cell proliferation is partially reversed, mechanistically dependent on p16(INK4a) expression and the SASP. Moreover, we found macrophages isolated from irradiated spleens to have a reduced phagocytosis activity in vitro, a defect also restored by the elimination of p16(INK4a) expression. Our results provide molecular insight on how senescence-inducing IR promotes loss of immune cell fitness, which suggest senolytic drugs may improve immune cell function in aged and patients undergoing cancer treatment

Epileptic and nonepileptic features in patients with early onset epileptic encephalopathy and STXBP1 mutations

International audienc