BERTIN: Efficient Pre-Training of a Spanish Language Model using Perplexity Sampling

The pre-training of large language models usually requires massive amounts of resources, both in terms of computation and data. Frequently used web sources such as Common Crawl might contain enough noise to make this pre-training sub-optimal. In this work, we experiment with different sampling methods from the Spanish version of mC4, and present a novel data-centric technique which we name $\textit{perplexity sampling}$ that enables the pre-training of language models in roughly half the amount of steps and using one fifth of the data. The resulting models are comparable to the current state-of-the-art, and even achieve better results for certain tasks. Our work is proof of the versatility of Transformers, and paves the way for small teams to train their models on a limited budget. Our models are available at this $\href{https://huggingface.co/bertin-project}{URL}$.Comment: Published at Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natura

Módulo Granja Fueguina. Suplementación de luz, alimentación y aislación del gallinero

Los equipos técnicos de las Agencias de Extensión Rural de Río Grande y Ushuaia realizaron una cartilla integrada para impulsar la producción avícola. El documento es resultado de una encuesta realizada a principios de año a los y las beneficiarios/as del Componente Granja del Programa ProHuerta (MSDS INTA).AER Río GrandeFil: Villegas, Raquel Graciela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Sur. Agencia De Extensión Rural Río Grande; ArgentinaFil: Boyeras, Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Sur. Agencia De Extensión Rural Ushuaia; ArgentinaFil: Pohjola, Kati Susanna. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Sur. Agencia De Extensión Rural Ushuaia; Argentina.Fil: Gea, Paulo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Sur. Agencia De Extensión Rural Río Grande; Argentin

A model for adapting 3D graphics based on scalable coding, real-time simplification and remote rendering

Most current multiplayer 3D games can only be played on dedicated platforms, requiring specifically designed content and communication over a predefined network. To overcome these limitations, the OLGA (On-Line GAming) consortium has devised a framework to develop distributive, multiplayer 3D games. Scalability at the level of content, platforms and networks is exploited to achieve the best trade-offs between complexity and quality

Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus from an Outbreak in 2021 among Domestic Pigs in Pangasinan, Philippines

We report a coding-complete genome sequence of an African swine fever virus from an outbreak in 2021 among domestic pigs in Pangasinan, Philippines using Oxford Nanopore Technologies minION. The linear genome assembly is a single contig with 192,377 bp

In Vitro Susceptibility to Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Comparators in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacterales from Five Latin American Countries

Background: High rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in Enterobacterales have been reported in Latin America. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is the combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, which hasshown activity against isolates producing class A, C and D β-lactamases. Herein, we evaluated the activity of CZA and comparators against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales in Latin America. Methods: The activity of CZA and comparators was evaluated against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico that were collected between January 2016 andOctober 2017. One specific phenotypic subset was evaluated. A carbapenem non-susceptible (CNS) phenotype was defined as any isolate displaying a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥1 mg/L for ertapenem. Results: CZA was active against 95.8% of all isolates and 77.5% of CNS isolates. Fosfomycin (FOS) and tigecycline (TGC) were the second most active antibiotics with 93.4% ofEnterobacterales being susceptible. Conclusions: The results of this study underline the potential therapeutic role of CZA in Latin AmericaFil: Appel, Tobias Manuel. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Mojica, Maria Fernanda. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: De La Cadena, Elsa. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Pallares, Cristian. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Radice, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castañeda Méndez, Paulo. Hospital Médica Sur; MéxicoFil: Jaime-Villalón, Diego. Hospital San Angel; MéxicoFil: Gales, Ana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Munita, Jose. No especifíca;Fil: Villegas, Maria. Universidad El Bosque; Colombi

Enabling always on service discovery: WI-FI neighbor awareness networking (NAN)

2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”There is untapped potential in the WiFi radios embedded in our smartphone and tablet devices. In this article we introduce the WiFi Neighbor Awareness Networking technology being standardized in the WiFi Alliance (R), which leverages this potential by allowing handheld devices to continuously discover other interesting services and devices while operating in the background in an energy-efficient way. In addition, we present a thorough performance evaluation based on packet-level simulations that illustrates the performance of WiFi NAN to be expected in realistic scenarios.Postprint (author's final draft

Condiciones psicosociales y económicas laborales de los médicos generales en Medellín, marzo de 1998

ABSTRACT: In the present decade the Colombia legislation has suffered transformations that have permitted the change of labor relations materializing the worldwide tendencies of the flexibility of work, and the section of health in general has not been foreign to these changes. Specifically the Law number 100, of 1993, changed the labor relations of doctors upon separating the rendering of health services from the resources of the administration, however, the present study suggested the question in reference to the economic and psychosocial conditions of the general practioners in Medellín. A descrptive study was performed of the make up of the population, that showed how the practice of general medicine in Medellín is consolidated as a practice of a fix salaries or wages, and it is performed less than a liberal practice. According to the results of the study, 60% of the general practioners labored in public institutions, 70% had some link to public institutios and 66% had at least one non-fixed-term contract; no unsatisfaction with their job was found in 53% and 54% said they are always selfdeterminated in taking decisions.RESUMEN: En la presente década, la legislación colombiana ha sufrido significativos cambios mundiales de la flexibilización del trabajo, y el sector de la salud no ha sido ajeno a ellos. Específicamente, la aplicaron de la ley 100 de 1993 transformo las condiciones laborales de los médicos al separar la prestación de los servicios de salud de la administración de los recursos. El presente estudio aborda la pregunta sobre dichas condiciones laborales en los ámbitos económico y psicosocial entre los médicos generales de Medellin. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de carácter poblacional, que mostró como el ejercicio de la medicina general en esta ciudad se consolida como una practica asalariada y se ejerce menos como una practica liberal. Según los hallazgos, en marzo de 1998 el 60% de los médicos generales de Medellin laboraba en una institución, el 70% tenia vinculación con el sector publico y el 66% tenia al menos una contratación a termino indefinido; el 53% manifestó poca insatisfacción con su quehacer medico y el 54% respondió que siempre tenia autonomía en la toma de decisiones

Antimicrobial stewardship programs in seven Latin American countries: facing the challenges

Antecedentes: Diversos estudios han demostrado que más del 50% de los antibióticos utilizados en los hospitales son innecesarios o inadecuados y que la resistencia a los antimicrobianos puede suponer cada año hasta 20.000 millones de dólares de sobrecostes médicos. Por otro lado, los programas de administración de antimicrobianos (PEA) reducen significativamente el uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, la aparición de resistencias a los antimicrobianos, las infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria y los costes en el ámbito hospitalario. Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo de ASP y el ahorro de antibióticos en 7 hospitales latinoamericanos utilizando indicadores cuantitativos estandarizados en todas las instituciones de salud participantes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención, donde se realizaron evaluaciones pre y post utilizando una herramienta de puntuación estandarizada adaptada de los estándares de acreditación de la Joint Commission International y, del Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación. Se evaluó ASP de 7 hospitales latinoamericanos entre 2019 y 2020. Se realizó una evaluación pre-intervención en cada hospital para cuantificar el grado de desarrollo de la ASP (ASP Development score). Con base en estos resultados, se implementó una capacitación in situ adaptada en cada hospital, seguida de una evaluación posterior a la intervención para cuantificar la mejora de los indicadores de desarrollo de ASP. Además, se estimó el ahorro monetario en antimicrobianos derivado de la intervención del PEA. Resultados: En la evaluación previa a la intervención, la puntuación media de desarrollo del PEA en las 7 instituciones fue del 65,8% (40-94,3%). Los puntos con la puntuación más baja fueron los relacionados con el seguimiento y la comunicación de los progresos y el éxito del PEA. Para la evaluación posterior a la intervención, 2 instituciones no pudieron participar debido a la presión impuesta por la pandemia COVID-19. Para los 5/7 hospitales restantes, la puntuación media del desarrollo del PEA fue del 82,3%, con un aumento del 12,0% en comparación con la medición previa a la intervención de las mismas instituciones (puntuación media previa a la intervención 70,3% (48,2%-94,3%) Los puntos con un aumento significativo fueron los indicadores clave de rendimiento, la educación de los AMS y la formación de los prescriptores. Tres de los siete (3/7) hospitales informaron de ahorros monetarios en antibióticos asociados a la intervención ASP. Conclusiones: El uso de la herramienta descrita demostró ser útil para evaluar áreas específicas del desarrollo del PEA que eran deficientes y adaptar las intervenciones para los hospitales participantes, en consecuencia, ayudó a mejorar el desarrollo del PEA en las instituciones que se sometieron al análisis previo y posterior a la intervención. Además, las estrategias mostraron ahorros monetarios en los costes antimicrobianos cuando se midieron. © 2023, Los autores.Background: Studies have shown that more than 50% of the antibiotics used in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate and, that antimicrobial resistance may cost up to 20 billion USD in excess medical costs each year. On the other hand, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) significantly reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, healthcare associated infections, and costs in hospital settings. Objective: To evaluate the development of ASP and antibiotic savings in 7 Latin American hospitals using standardized quantitative indicators in all the participating health care institutions. Methods: An interventional study was conducted, where pre- and post- evaluations were performed using a standardized score tool adapted from the Joint Commission International accreditation standards and, the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards and Certification. We evaluated ASP from 7 Latin American hospitals between 2019 and 2020. A pre-intervention evaluation was done in each hospital to quantify the degree of development of the ASP (ASP Development score). Based on these results, tailored on-site training was implemented in each hospital, followed by a post-intervention evaluation to quantify improvement of ASP-development indicators. In addition, monetary savings in antimicrobials derived from the ASP intervention were estimated. Results: In the pre-intervention evaluation, the average ASP development score for the 7 institutions was 65.8% (40-94.3%). The items with the lowest development score were those related to monitoring and communicating the ASP progress and success. For the post-intervention evaluation, 2 institutions couldn’t participate due to the pressure imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. For the remaining 5/7 hospitals, the average ASP development score was 82.3% with an increase of 12.0% when compared to the pre-intervention measurement of the same institutions (average pre-intervention score 70.3% (48.2%-94.3%) The items with a significant increase were key performance indicators, AMS education and training of the prescribers. Three of the seven (3/7) hospitals reported antibiotic monetary savings associated to the ASP intervention. Conclusions: The use of the tool described shown to be useful to evaluate specific areas of ASP-development that were lacking and tailor interventions for the participating hospitals, consequently, it helped improve ASP-development in the institutions that underwent pre- intervention and post-intervention analysis. In addition, the strategies showed monetary savings on antimicrobial costs when measured. © 2023, The Author(s)

Abstracts

Tradução, para a língua inglesa, dos resumos dos artigos publicados nesta edição.Tradução, para a língua inglesa, dos resumos dos artigos publicados nesta edição