Evolución sedimentaria de la llanura intermareal de A Ramallosa (Pontevedra)

[Resumen] La llanura intermareal de A Ramallosa o complejo mareal marismalagoon, presenta unas características sedimentarias propias dependientes de las condiciones hidrodinámicas existentes, pero modificadas por la acción de organismos, oleaje y corriente de los canales. En el curso de los tres últimos años se aprecia una notable evolución en lo que a la distribución de sus unidades sedimentarias se refiere. Este simple hecho incide de una forma importante en varios aspectos que determinarán el futuro de esta zona. Destacamos, después del reconocimiento, actual de las unidades y secuencias sedimentarias existentes, el papel que desempeña la intervención humana en el sentido de acelerar dicha evolución, hecho que repercute bajo un punto de vista económico, y de forma directa, en los planes de explotación de especies de invertebrados, al igual que su transformación hacia una marisma supramareal en un futuro más o menos próximo[Abstract] This paper deals with the petrographic and geochemical problem of zoned variations inside disharmonic granite batholiths. Some Europeans exemples( mainly variscan are presented and a more detailed study of zonation and criptozonation in Spanish variscan granites with emphasis on the igneous body of Cabeza de Araya is presented as model of early magmatic and later volatile differentiatio

Desplazamiento lateral de los canales de drenaje de las llanuras de marea: consideraciones sedimentológicas

[Resumen] Las LLanuras Mareales estan atravesadas por numerosos canales iniciados en la parte alta de las marismas, hasta alcanzar las cotas más próximas al nivel bajo de marea en las llanuras arenosas. Los movimientos son divagantes, ramificados, y su desplazamiento lateral, ocasiona un borde erosivo y otro de depósito, de caracteristicas totalmente diferenciadas; mientras que en el primero se cortan las estructuras originadas anteriormente por la dinámica del canal, en el segundo, se provoca un incremento de materia sedimentaria cuya secuencia refleja variaciones ascendentes en la naturaleza del sedimento y de las estructuras desarrolladas en el mismo[Resumé] Les Plaines Maréales sont traversées par de nombreux canaux s'iniciant dans la partie haute des marismes pour atteindre les cotes proches au niveau bas de la marée dans les plaines de sable. Les mouvements sont divagants, ~amifiés, et leur déplacement latéral, produit un bord érosif et un autre de dépot'a caractéristiques tout.a fait différenciées: tandis que dans le premier se coupent les structures originairement provoquées par le dynamique du canal, dans le deuxieme se produit une augmentation de matiére sédimentaire dont la séquence reflete des variations ascendentes dans la nature du sédiment et dans les structures qui s'y sont dévéloppée

Ejemplo de aplicación de un modelo sedimentológico en la evolución de un medio costero

[Resumen] El conocimiento de los mecanismos que intervienen en la formación de sistemas deposicionales de los medios costeros, y el estudio en detalle de cada caso concreto, permite establecer las características propias de ese área, y en consecuencia adquirir una idea bastante precisa de su tendencia evolutiva, dentro de los mecanismos de la dinámica litoral. Las obras civiles costeras, interfieren en las direcciones de las corrientes litorales, provocando frecuentemente modificaciones del entorno natural costero, tales como, y desde un punto de vista práctico, la obstaculización de vias de navegación o modificaciones de áreas por naturaleza productivas en gran número de recursos biológicos marinos. Se presenta un ejemplo costero en la bahía de Bayona, la laguna-llanura mareal de la Rarnallosa, en donde por aplicación de su modelo puede servir como método válido para predecir el grado de .evolución que sufriria por acción de una determinada obra civil.[Abstract] A coastal example of a lagoonintertidal flat complex located in Bayona Bay, in the southern part of Ria de Vigo, is presented from the point of view of coastal management. The model of a coastal system like this can be applied to foresee the eventual changes originated by an specific civil work

Sedimentary environments of the Baiona Basin (Pontevedra)

[Resumen] Debido a las características de la ensenada de Baiona se consideró interesante la realización de un estudio de la distribución sedimentaria en relación a la dinámica litoral. En la actualidad se ha observado en este área una marcada zonación dinámica provocada, por la acción combinada de mareas y frentes de oleaje, por su propia configuración geográfica y por las construcciones portuarias realizadas en los últimos años. En función de las características, sedimentarias e hidrodinámicas observadas en la zona se han diferenciado tres ambientes sedimentarios: playas, conjunto deltaico de marea y zona submareal.[Abstract] Due to the special characteristics of the Baiona basin the study of the sedimentary distribution related to the litoral dynamic was considered to be interesting. At present a very well delined zonation was observed, caused by the action of the tides and waves fronts, by its particular physiographic configuration and by harbour constructions that took place lately. According to the sedimentary and hydrodynamic characteristics of the zone, three sedimentary environments have been diferentiated: beaches, delta tide and subtidal zone

Las zonas intermareales: algunos mercanismos sobre la formación de estructuras sedimentarias intermareales

[Resumen] Los procesos que afectan a los distintos dominios sedimentarios de las rías de la costa atlántica de Ga1icia, dan lugar al desarrollo de una amplia variedad de estructuras sedimentarias, muchas de las cuales son caracteríscas de cada unidad intertida1, por 10 que su reconocimiento aporta los elementos necesarios para entender el tipo de mecanismo que actuó durante su formación, el cual es específico de cada momento del ciclo mareal.[Resumé] Les processus qui modifient les différents domaines sédimentaires des rias de la cote atlantique de la Galice, prosuivent le développement d'une grande variété de structures sédimentaires dcnt beaucoup d'entre elles sont caractéristiques de chaque unité entre marée, cela une fois connu, nous avons les éléments nécessaires pour comprenrnre le type de mécanisme qui a agi pendant sa formation: ce qui est caractéristique de chaque moment du cyc1e des marée

Sedimentological study of Galicia coast: JI. Relation-ship between the distribution of grain size and the biogenic carbonate content in Pontevedra and Arousa beaches.

[Resumen] Dentro del estudio de los diferentes medios de depósitos sedimentarios de las Rías Gallegas, se presenta una distribución del contenido en carbonatos biogénicos así como las variaciones granulométricas del sector intermareal de las playas de Pontevedra y Arosa. Los puntos de muestreo fueron seleccionados en función del grado de exposición y condiciones de alta energía (zonas abiertas), y de baja energía (zonas interiores). Se levantaron perfiles topográficos en un total de 15 playas; en cada perfil se tomaron, como promedio, 3 muestras comprendidas entre los niveles de pleamar y bajamar, considerando puntos equivalentes para cada una de las playas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran en general una homogeneidad en cuanto a tamaño de grano, del orden de 2 a 0.25 mm, es decir, fracción media-gruesa. Es constante la presencia de los valores más finos hacia la parte alta de cada perfil. El contenido en carbonatos oscila entre un 20 y un 40 O/o para aquellas estaciones de muestreo situadas en zonas abiertas, mientras que en aquellas otras situadas hacia el interior su contenido no sobrepasa, en general, el 5 o/o. Estos valores pueden ser interpretados como resultado de la ubicación geográfica y su dinámica, actuando como indicador que puede ser extensible al resto del litoral gallego.[Abstract] A distribution of the biogenic carbonatic content and grain size for the intertidal zone of the beaches of the Ria de Pontevedra and Ria de Arosa is presented in this papero Sampling stations were chosen to reflect the different exposures and energy: high energy (open zones) and low energy (inner zones). Morphology of 15 beaches was determined by topographic profiling, with an average of 3 samples between high-water mark and low-water mark in each profile. This way, equivalent points in the different beaches can be compared. The results show a general grain-size homogneity with a predominance of the medium-coarse fraction, about 2-0.25 mm. A finer grain size is usually found in the upper part of each profile. The carbonatic content range is 20-40 O/o in open zones, whereas the content is less than 5 O/o in beaches towards the inner zones. This values are significant with respect to the geographical position of the beaches in each ria and the different dynamics. They are, then, an index that could be applied to the study of the whole Galician coast

REM technology to help fulfill the landing obligation in European fisheries towards more sustainable fishing

Póster.-- Iberian Symposium on Modeling and Assessment of Fishery Resources, 19-22 October, Vigo, SpainThe main control measures used in EU fisheries are the use of logbooks, monitoring of vessel geographic positions and the inspections of the vessels at sea (patrol vessel surveillance) and at the ports (inspection of the landings). Many studies indicate that this traditional control measures are not effective within the current Landing Obligation rules. The Remote Electronic Monitoring (REM) is currently considered as one of the best future alternatives for the control of fishing activity. In fact, many fleets have already incorporated this technology into their activity to respond to the requirements of regional fishing organizations and control authorities in many countries of the world. The aim of this work was to test the implementation of innovative technologies based on artificial vision devices for catch composition determination and data management technologies installed on board. A study case including onboard observer trials and an automatic device was carried out to characterize discards and record unwanted species occurrence in commercial vessels. The “iObserver system” was implemented to improve the quality and availability of data and consequently to deepen knowledge on the status of the fisheries resources. This technology is aimed to be able to identify and quantify the catch (targeted and discarded) without interfering with the activity of fishermen. Once the data (species and biomass estimation) is acquired by iObserver, information is pre-processed and transmitted to land (to management servers). This system will allow real-time decision making for the fishing activity in order to eventually perform a more selective fishing. Automatic estimates of discards by species allow to take real-time decisions, avoid areas/times with high discards rates and potentially to comply with landing obligationN

QUIJOTE scientific results - VIII. Diffuse polarized foregrounds from component separation with QUIJOTE-MFI

We derive linearly polarized astrophysical component maps in the Northern Sky from the QUIJOTE-MFI data at 11 and 13?GHz in combination with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe K and Ka bands (23 and 33?GHz) and all Planck polarized channels (30-353-GHz), using the parametric component separation method B-SeCRET. The addition of QUIJOTE-MFI data significantly improves the parameter estimation of the low-frequency foregrounds, especially the estimation of the synchrotron spectral index, [beta]s. We present the first detailed ?s map of the Northern Celestial Hemisphere at a smoothing scale of 2°. We find statistically significant spatial variability across the sky. We obtain an average value of ?3.08 and a dispersion of 0.13, considering only pixels with reliable goodness of fit. The power-law model of the synchrotron emission provides a good fit to the data outside the Galactic plane but fails to track the complexity within this region. Moreover, when we assume a synchrotron model with uniform curvature, cs, we find a value of cs = ?0.0797 ± 0.0012. However, there is insufficient statistical significance to determine which model is favoured, either the power law or the power law with uniform curvature. Furthermore, we estimate the thermal dust spectral parameters in polarization. Our cosmic microwave background, synchrotron, and thermal dust maps are highly correlated with the corresponding products of the PR4 Planck release, although some large-scale differences are observed in the synchrotron emission. Finally, we find that the ?s estimation in the high signal-to-noise synchrotron emission areas is prior-independent, while, outside these regions, the prior governs the [beta]s estimation.We thank the staff of the Teide Observatory for invaluable assistance in the commissioning and operation of QUIJOTE. The QUIJOTE experiment is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), the Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), and the Universities of Cantabria, Manchester, and Cambridge. Partial financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2007- 68058-C03-02, AYA2010-21766-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2014-60438-P, ESP2015-70646-C2-1-R, AYA2017-84185-P, ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R, AYA2017-90675-REDC (co-funded with EU FEDER funds), PGC2018-101814-B-I00, PID2019-110610RBC21, PID2020-120514GB-I00, IACA13-3E-2336, IACA15-BE3707, EQC2018-004918-P, the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015- 0548 and CEX2019-000920-S, the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM2017-0765, and by the Consolider-Ingenio project CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation). We acknowledge support from the ACIISI, Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant with reference ProID2020010108. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 687312 (RADIOFOREGROUNDS). EdlH acknowledges financial support from the Concepcion´ Arenal Programme of the Universidad de Cantabria. DT acknowledges the support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) with grant no. 2020PM0042. FP acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant number PID2019-105552RB-C43. The authors acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise, and assistance provided by the Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) node at Universidad de Cantabria. Some of the presented results are based on observations obtained with Planck (http://www.esa.int/Planck), an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States, NASA, and Canada. We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) and the Planck Legacy Archive (PLA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPIX package (Gorski ´ et al. 2005), and the HEALPY (Zonca et al. 2019), NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), EMCEE (ForemanMackey et al. 2013), and MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007) PYTHON packages

Planck early results. V. The low frequency instrument data processing

We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ??10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane.Planck is too large a project to allow full acknowledgement of all contributions by individuals, institutions, industries, and funding agencies. The main entities involved in the mission operations are as follows. The European Space Agency operates the satellite via its Mission Operations Centre located at ESOC (Darmstadt, Germany) and coordinates scientific operations via the Planck Science Office located at ESAC (Madrid, Spain). Two Consortia, comprising around 50 scientific institutes within Europe, the USA, and Canada, and funded by agencies from the participating countries, developed the scientific instruments LFI and HFI, and continue to operate them via Instrument Operations Teams located in Trieste (Italy) and Orsay (France). The Consortia are also responsible for scientific processing of the acquired data. The Consortia are led by the Principal Investigators: J.L. Puget in France for HFI (funded principally by CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3) and N. Mandolesi in Italy for LFI(funded principally via ASI). NASA US Planck Project, based at J.P.L. and involving scientists at many US institutions, contributes significantly to the efforts of these two Consortia. The author list for this paper has been selected by the Planck Science Team, and is composed of individuals from all of the above entities who have made multi-year contributions to the development of the mission. It does not pretend to be inclusive of all contributions. The Planck-LFI project is developed by an International Consortium lead by Italy and involving Canada, Finland, Germany, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, UK, USA. The Italian contribution to Planck is supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and INAF. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland grants 121703 and 121962. We thank the DEISA Consortium (http://www.deisa.eu), co-funded through the EU FP6 project RI-031513 and the FP7 project RI-222919, for support within the DEISA Virtual Community Support Initiative. We thank CSC – IT Center for Science Ltd (Finland) for computational resources. We acknowledge financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciõn through the Plan Nacional del Espacio y Plan Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica. We acknowledge The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Planck Analysis Centre (MPAC) is funded by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) under grant 50OP0901 with resources of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, and by the Max Planck Society. This work has made use of the Planck satellite simulation package (Level-S), which is assembled by the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Planck Analysis Centre (MPAC) Reinecke et al. (2006). We acknowledge financial support provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package Górski et al. (2005). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, indicating which technical or scientific activities they have been involved in, can be found at http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Collaboration

Phlebotomine sand fly survey in the focus of leishmaniasis in Madrid, Spain (2012-2014): seasonal dynamics, Leishmania infantum infection rates and blood meal preferences

BACKGROUND: An unusual increase of human leishmaniasis cases due to Leishmania infantum is occurring in an urban area of southwestern Madrid, Spain, since 2010. Entomological surveys have shown that Phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. Direct xenodiagnosis in hares (Lepus granatensis) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in the focus area proved that they can transmit parasites to colonized P. perniciosus. Isolates were characterized as L. infantum. The aim of the present work was to conduct a comprehensive study of sand flies in the outbreak area, with special emphasis on P. perniciosus. METHODS: Entomological surveys were done from June to October 2012-2014 in 4 stations located close to the affected area. Twenty sticky traps (ST) and two CDC light traps (LT) were monthly placed during two consecutive days in every station. LT were replaced every morning. Sand fly infection rates were determined by dissecting females collected with LT. Molecular procedures applied to study blood meal preferences and to detect L. infantum were performed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of the outbreak. RESULTS: A total of 45,127 specimens belonging to 4 sand fly species were collected: P. perniciosus (75.34%), Sergentomyia minuta (24.65%), Phlebotomus sergenti (0.005%) and Phlebotomus papatasi (0.005%). No Phlebotomus ariasi were captured. From 3203 P. perniciosus female dissected, 117 were infected with flagellates (3.7%). Furthermore, 13.31% and 7.78% of blood-fed and unfed female sand flies, respectively, were found infected with L. infantum by PCR. The highest rates of infected P. perniciosus were detected at the end of the transmission periods. Regarding to blood meal preferences, hares and rabbits were preferred, although human, cat and dog blood were also found. CONCLUSIONS: This entomological study highlights the exceptional nature of the Leishmania outbreak occurring in southwestern Madrid, Spain. It is confirmed that P. perniciosus is the only vector in the affected area, with high densities and infection rates. Rabbits and hares were the main blood meal sources of this species. These results reinforce the need for an extensive and permanent surveillance in this region, and others of similar characteristics, in order to control the vector and regulate the populations of wild reservoirs.This study was partially sponsored and funded by: Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid; Colegio de Veterinarios de Madrid; Colegio de Biólogos de Madrid and EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext (http://www.edenext.eu).S