O bilinguismo na comunidade autónoma da Catalunha

Existe um provérbio checo que diz “Por cada idioma que se fala vive-se uma vida diferente. Se só se sabe apenas um idioma, só se vive uma vez”. A língua representa diversidade, património cultural, comunicação e cooperação, valores importantes e até imprescindíveis para viver e conviver em sociedade. É dentro desta perspectiva que a autora deste trabalho pretende apresentar e descrever a realidade social, educativa e pessoal, própria de alguém que nasceu e viveu na Catalunha durante 26 anos, sendo bilingue ― em casa sempre falou catalão, língua de gerações passadas e, na escola, teve toda a escolaridade obrigatória em castelhano. Naquela altura (anos 60-70), a escola ainda não era bilingue, devido à situação política que se vivia no Estado Espanhol: a ditadura do General Franco. O ponto de partida é assim o próprio interesse da autora, pela questão do bilinguismo individual, social ou educativo que, para além da realidade social já referida, se traduz na vontade de exprimir as vantagens que, um tema tão rico e diverso, pode proporcionar isoladamente a um indivíduo ou, num sentido mais amplo, à própria sociedade. Numa primeira parte, faz-se uma breve exposição das diferentes definições do bilinguismo e introduz-se uma pequena abordagem histórica das duas línguas em contacto, concretamente o castelhano e o catalão. Nunca poderemos entender realidades tão complexas, se não conhecermos um pouco da história dessas línguas e da forma como se foram desenvolvendo e adaptando até aos nossos dias. Numa segunda parte, apresenta-se um estudo linguístico do catalão na comunidade catalã, através das leis e planificações linguísticas relevantes dos últimos anos e da forma como esta sociedade as assimilou politicamente, educativamente e socialmente ao longo do tempo. Por último, pretendeu-se fazer uma análise no terreno relativamente à implementação e funcionamento destas políticas linguísticas, observando fenómenos sociológicos importantes, que influenciam a comunidade também do ponto de vista linguístico, designadamente a imigração que, actualmente, provém maioritariamente dos países sul-americanos (ao contrário da imigração dos anos 60-70, que era essencialmente interna). Este aspecto confirma a existência, de uma forma continuada no tempo, de grandes transformações no que se refere à aprendizagem do catalão e às características sociológicas de quem reside, estuda e trabalha numa comunidade essencialmente bilingue

A window to the sea: environmental indicators for coastal risk management under the RAIA observatory (NW-Iberian Peninsula)

Poster.-- International Ocean Data Conference 2022, Sopot, Poland, 14-16 February 2022Environmental indicators are fundamental tools for the evaluation and mitigation of environmental risks, showing the current state and helping to predict future changes on ecosystem health regarding environmental risks The framework of the RAIA observatory www marnaraia org identified 38 environmental indicators, in which 12 key risks affecting the ecosystem services of the Euroregion Galicia Northern Portugal have been evaluated The objective of this initiative is to optimize and analyze the environmental indicators identified for the Euroregion and make them available through a Web service that allows users to get information on the current state and evolution of the ecosystem healthThis contribution has been funded by the European Union MarRISK project Adaptación costera ante el Cambio Climático conocer los riesgos y aumentar la resiliencia (0262_MarRISK1_E) through EP-INTERREG V A España-Portugal (POCTEP) programN

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

NMR Spectrocopic Characterization and DFT Calculations of Zirconium(IV)-3,3 -Br-2-BINOLate and Related Complexes Used in an Enantioselective Friedel Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with alpha, beta-Unsaturated Ketones

Experimental and theoretical studies on the structure of several complexes based on (R)-3,3'-Br-2-BINOL ligand and group (IV) metals used as catalysts in an enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones have been carried out. NMR spectroscopic studies of these catalysts have been performed, which suggested that at room temperature the catalysts would form a monomeric structure in the case of Ti-IV and a dimeric structure in the cases of Zr-IV and Hf-IV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations clearly corroborate the conclusions of these experimental spectroscopic studies. The dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr-2(IV)(mu-(R)-3,3'-Br-2-BINOL)(2)] where each binaphthol ligand acts as bridge between the metal centers (Novak's model) is more stable than the dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr-2(IV)(mu-(OBu)-Bu-t)(2)] where the tert-butoxide groups act as bridging ligands (Kobayashi's model). The scope of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation with regard to the indole structure has been studied. Finally a plausible mechanism for the Friedel-Crafts reaction and a stereomodel for the mode of action of the catalyst that explain the observed stereochemistry of the reaction products have been proposed.Financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Gobierno de Espana and FEDER, European Union (Grant CTQ 2009-13083) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Grants ACOMP/2012/212 and ISIC 2012/001) is acknowledged. C.V. thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for a predoctoral grantBlay, G.; Cano, J.; Cardona, L.; Fernandez, I.; Muñoz Roca, MDC.; Pedro, J.; Vila, C. (2012). NMR Spectrocopic Characterization and DFT Calculations of Zirconium(IV)-3,3 -Br-2-BINOLate and Related Complexes Used in an Enantioselective Friedel Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with alpha, beta-Unsaturated Ketones. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 77(23):10545-10556. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo3013594S1054510556772

NMR Spectroscopic Characterization and DFT Calculations of Zirconium(IV)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOLate and Related Complexes Used in an Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Experimental and theoretical studies on the structure of several complexes based on (<i>R</i>)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOL ligand and group (IV) metals used as catalysts in an enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β-unsaturated ketones have been carried out. NMR spectroscopic studies of these catalysts have been performed, which suggested that at room temperature the catalysts would form a monomeric structure in the case of Ti^IV and a dimeric structure in the cases of Zr^IV and Hf^IV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations clearly corroborate the conclusions of these experimental spectroscopic studies. The dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr^IV₂(μ-(<i>R</i>)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOL)₂] where each binaphthol ligand acts as bridge between the metal centers (Novak’s model) is more stable than the dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr^IV₂(μ-O^<i>t</i>Bu)₂] where the <i>tert</i>-butoxide groups act as bridging ligands (Kobayashi’s model). The scope of the Friedel–Crafts alkylation with regard to the indole structure has been studied. Finally a plausible mechanism for the Friedel–Crafts reaction and a stereomodel for the mode of action of the catalyst that explain the observed stereochemistry of the reaction products have been proposed

NMR Spectroscopic Characterization and DFT Calculations of Zirconium(IV)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOLate and Related Complexes Used in an Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Experimental and theoretical studies on the structure of several complexes based on (<i>R</i>)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOL ligand and group (IV) metals used as catalysts in an enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β-unsaturated ketones have been carried out. NMR spectroscopic studies of these catalysts have been performed, which suggested that at room temperature the catalysts would form a monomeric structure in the case of Ti^IV and a dimeric structure in the cases of Zr^IV and Hf^IV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations clearly corroborate the conclusions of these experimental spectroscopic studies. The dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr^IV₂(μ-(<i>R</i>)-3,3′-Br₂–BINOL)₂] where each binaphthol ligand acts as bridge between the metal centers (Novak’s model) is more stable than the dimeric structure with a doubly bridged motif [Zr^IV₂(μ-O^<i>t</i>Bu)₂] where the <i>tert</i>-butoxide groups act as bridging ligands (Kobayashi’s model). The scope of the Friedel–Crafts alkylation with regard to the indole structure has been studied. Finally a plausible mechanism for the Friedel–Crafts reaction and a stereomodel for the mode of action of the catalyst that explain the observed stereochemistry of the reaction products have been proposed

Actas del IV congreso sobre la enseñanza del español en Portugal : Universidade de Évora 2, 3 y 4 de junio de 2011

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.Se recogen las comunicaciones y talleres presentados durante el IV Congreso sobre la enseñanza del español en Portugal que se celebró en las instalaciones de la Universidade de Évora los días 2, 3 y 4 de junio de 2011. Se presentaron un total de once comunicaciones y catorce talleres a cargo de profesores de español de todos los niveles educativos y de representantes de editoriales españolas. Durante el congreso fue posible asistir tanto a ponencias de contenido académico como a talleres y presentaciones de experiencias de aula por lo que el evento generó bastante interés y contó con una asistencia de 200 profesionales.ES