Self-management: utopia and disillusionment

Self-management: utopia and disillusionmen

L´autogestió: utopia i desengany

L´autogestió: utopia i desengan

Disseny del currículum de programació i robòtica per tots els cursos de l'educació obligatòria (Infantil, Primària i Secundària)

Curs 2014-2015Els darrers anys, l’educació està experimentant uns canvis molt important, amb la introducció de noves metodologies, i la utilització de noves eines a l’aula, com els ordinadors i les tauletes. Avui en dia, els alumnes són nadius digitals, i per tant, totes aquestes novetats no els incomoden gens, sinó tot el contrari. I en aquest context apareix la robòtica educativa, amb múltiples plataformes robòtiques i moltíssimes aplicacions informàtiques per aprendre programació i robòtica. L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball és dissenyar el currículum per introduir la robòtica i la programació a tots els cursos des de P3 fins a 4t d’ESO. I com a objectius secundaris, veure l’estat de la qüestió actual de les plataformes robòtiques, de les aplicacions per aprendre programació i dels principals llenguatges de programació utilitzats en la robòtica educativa. La metodologia seguida ha estat fer una recerca exhaustiva dels diferents materials, per així acabar dissenyant el mencionat currículum. I un cop seleccionats els principals criteris d’avaluació oficials que es poden treballar amb aquestes eines, proposar diferents activitats per dur a terme a l’aula. Les principals conclusions d’aquest treball són que la robòtica educativa ha arribat per quedar-se a les aules; que hi ha molts materials diferents, i que cada dia en van apareixent de nous; que la robòtica ha de ser transversal relacionant-se amb diferents matèries o àrees; i que no s’ha d’oblidar l’electrònica tradicional, amb components discrets per crear automatismes o robots, i que gràcies a les plaques Arduino, permeten la seva construcció i programació.Director/a: Juli Ordeix Rig

Assortative mating and fragmentation within dog breeds

Background There are around 400 internationally recognized dog breeds in the world today, with a remarkable diversity in size, shape, color and behavior. Breeds are considered to be uniform groups with similar physical characteristics, shaped by selection rooted in human preferences. This has led to a large genetic difference between breeds and a large extent of linkage disequilibrium within breeds. These characteristics are important for association mapping of candidate genes for diseases and therefore make dogs ideal models for gene mapping of human disorders. However, genetic uniformity within breeds may not always be the case. We studied patterns of genetic diversity within 164 poodles and compared it to 133 dogs from eight other breeds. Results Our analyses revealed strong population structure within poodles, with differences among some poodle groups as pronounced as those among other well-recognized breeds. Pedigree analysis going three generations back in time confirmed that subgroups within poodles result from assortative mating imposed by breed standards as well as breeder preferences. Matings have not taken place at random or within traditionally identified size classes in poodles. Instead, a novel set of five poodle groups was identified, defined by combinations of size and color, which is not officially recognized by the kennel clubs. Patterns of genetic diversity in other breeds suggest that assortative mating leading to fragmentation may be a common feature within many dog breeds. Conclusion The genetic structure observed in poodles is the result of local mating patterns, implying that breed fragmentation may be different in different countries. Such pronounced structuring within dog breeds can increase the power of association mapping studies, but also represents a serious problem if ignored. In dog breeding, individuals are selected on the basis of morphology, behaviour, working or show purposes, as well as geographic population structure. The same processes which have historically created dog breeds are still ongoing, and create further subdivision within current dog breeds

Study of the damage of an school building in Vilafranca del Penedès

Es tracta de dos trams d'edificis realitzats en èpoques diferents, amb problemes de danys i disfuncions a l'estructura, la cimentació i els subsitemes lligats a ambdós. El treball consisteix en: - Fer un catàleg de les lesions, - Agrupar-les per tipologies, -Analitzar les causes, - Proposar solucion

The role of humans in the diversification of a threatened island raptor

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anthropogenic habitat modifications have led to the extinction of many species and have favoured the expansion of others. Nonetheless, the possible role of humans as a diversifying force in vertebrate evolution has rarely been considered, especially for species with long generation times. We examine the influence that humans have had on the colonization and phenotypic and genetic differentiation of an insular population of a long-lived raptor species, the Egyptian vulture (<it>Neophron percnopterus</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The morphological comparison between the Canarian Egyptian vultures and the main and closest population in Western Europe (Iberia) indicated that insular vultures are significantly heavier (16%) and larger (about 3%) than those from Iberia. Bayesian and standard genetic analyses also showed differentiation (<it>F<smcaps>_ST</smcaps></it>= 0.11, <it>p </it>< 0.01). The inference of changes in the effective size of the Canarian deme, using two likelihood-based Bayesian approaches, suggested that the establishment of this insular population took place some 2500 years ago, matching the date of human colonization. This is consistent with the lack of earlier fossils.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Archaeological remains show that first colonizers were Berber people from northern Africa who imported goats. This new and abundant food source could have allowed vultures to colonize, expand and adapt to the island environment. Our results suggest that anthropogenic environmental change can induce diversification and that this process may take place on an ecological time scale (less than 200 generations), even in the case of a long-lived species.</p

Real incidence study of wolf depredation on herd comparing two differents methods

Cuando se estudia la alimentación del lobo por medio del análisis de excrementos y estómagos existe el problema de distinguir las presas consumidas como carroña de las atacadas en vida. En el caso de la incidencia de la depredación del lobo sobre la ganadería esto es especialmente importante. Para ello en el presente trabajo se han comparado los mismos datos obtenidos por dos métodos distintos, por una parte un estudio de alimentación clásico por medio de la recogida de excrementos y por otro un seguimiento exhaustivo durante cuatro años de los ataques a rebaños de doce municipios.When we study the wolf´s eating habits using excrement and stomach analysis, the problem of distinguishing between carrion (dead debris) and live prey comes to wind. We should specially consider the case of the wolf preying on herds. Considering this situation, for the following study, we have compared the same data obtained from two different methods. On the one hand, the traditional method of the collecting of excrements and on the other hand by a rigorous survelliance during four years of the wolf´s attack on herds in twelve municipalities

Selection for tameness modulates the expression of heme related genes in silver foxes

BACKGROUND: The genetic and molecular mechanisms of tameness are largely unknown. A line of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) selected for non-aggressive behavior has been used in Russia since the 1960's to study the effect of domestication. We have previously compared descendants of these selected (S) animals with a group of non-selected (NS) silver foxes kept under identical conditions, and showed that changes in the brain transcriptome between the two groups are small. Unexpectedly, many of the genes showing evidence of differential expression between groups were related to hemoproteins. RESULTS: In this study, we use quantitative RT-PCR to demonstrate that the activity of heme related genes differ between S and NS foxes in three regions of the brain. Furthermore, our analyses also indicate that changes in mRNA levels of heme related genes can be well described by an additive polygenic effect. We also show that the difference in genetic background between the two lines of foxes is limited, as estimated by mitochondrial DNA divergence. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that selection for tameness can modify the expression of heme related genes in canid brain regions known to modulate emotions and behavior. The possible involvement of heme related genes in behavior is surprising. It is possible that hemoglobin modulates the behavior of canids by interaction with CO and NO signaling. Another possibility is that hemorphins, known to be produced after enzymatic cleavage of hemoglobin, are responsible for behavioral alterations. Thus, we hypothesize that hemoglobin metabolism can be a functionally relevant aspect of the domestic phenotype in foxes selected for tameness