Are we neglecting earth while conquering space? Effects of aluminized solid rocket fuel combustion on the physiology of a tropical freshwater invertebrate

Space launchers often use aluminized-solid fuel ("propergol") as propellant and its combustion releases tons of Al2O3 and HCl that sink in terrestrial and aquatic environments, polluting and decreasing water pH. We studied the impact of these events on the biochemical/physiological performance of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii, with wild specimens collected from a non-impacted site in French Guiana. In the laboratory, shrimps were exposed for one week to: i) undisturbed conditions; ii) Al2O3 exposure (0.5 mg L-1) at normal pH (6.6); iii) decreased pH (4.5) (mimicking HCl release in the environment) with no Al2O3; or iv) Al2O3 0.5 mg L-1 and pH 4.5, representing the average conditions found in the water bodies around the Ariane 5 launch pad. Results showed that shrimps bioaccumulated aluminium (Al) regardless of water pH. The combined effect of Al2O3 and low pH caused the most impact: acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities decreased, indicating neurotoxicity and reduced detoxification capacity, respectively. Animal respiration was enhanced with Al2O3 and pH variations alone, but the synergic interaction of both stressors caused respiration to decrease, suggesting metabolic depression. Oxidative damage followed a similar pattern to respiration rates across conditions, suggesting free radical-mediation in Al toxicity. Antioxidant activities varied among enzymes, with glutathione reductase being the most impacted by Al2O3 exposure. This study shows the importance of addressing space ports' impact on the environment, setting the bases for selecting the most appropriate biomarkers for future monitoring programs using a widespread and sensitive crustacean in the context of an increasing space-oriented activity across the world.publishe

Are we neglecting Earth while conquering space? Effects of aluminized solid rocket fuel combustion on the physiology of a tropical freshwater invertebrate

Space launchers often use aluminized-solid fuel (“propergol”) as propellant and its combustion releases tons of Al2O3 and HCl that sink in terrestrial and aquatic environments, polluting and decreasing water pH. We studied the impact of these events on the biochemical/physiological performance of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii, with wild specimens collected from a non-impacted site in French Guiana. In the laboratory, shrimps were exposed for one week to: i) undisturbed conditions; ii) Al2O3 exposure (0.5 mg L-1) at normal pH (6.6); iii) decreased pH (4.5) (mimicking HCl release in the environment) with no Al2O3; or iv) Al2O3 0.5 mg L-1 and pH 4.5, representing the average conditions found in the water bodies around the Ariane 5 launch pad. Results showed that shrimps bioaccumulated Al regardless of water pH. The combined effect of Al2O3 and low pH caused the most impact: acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities decreased, indicating neurotoxicity and reduced detoxification capacity, respectively. Animal respiration was enhanced with Al2O3 and pH variations alone, but the synergic interaction of both stressors caused respiration to decrease, suggesting metabolic depression. Oxidative damage followed a similar pattern to respiration rates across conditions, suggesting free radical-mediation in Al toxicity. Antioxidant activities varied among enzymes, with glutathione reductase being the most impacted by Al2O3 exposure. This study shows the importance of addressing space ports’ impact on the environment, setting the bases for selecting the most appropriate biomarkers for future monitoring programs using a widespread and sensitive crustacean in the context of an increasing space-oriented activity across the world

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

BACKGROUND: In the era of eculizumab, identifying patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation is challenging. DESIGN AND METHODS: We describe the characteristics and overall survival of 211 patients transplanted for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in 83 EBMT centers from 1978 to 2007. Next, we conducted a comparison with a cohort of 402 non-transplanted patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed between 1950 and 2005 in 92 French centers. We compared the occurrence of complications (i.e. thromboembolism and aplastic anemia) using either an individual or a stratum-matching procedure. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 5 years, the 5-year overall survival rate ± standard error (%) was 68±3 in the transplanted group (54±7 in the case of thromboembolism, 69±5 in the case of aplastic anemia without thromboembolism and 86±6 in the case of recurrent hemolytic anemia without thromboembolism or aplastic anemia). Only thromboembolism as the indication for transplantation was associated with worse outcome (P=0.03). We identified 24 pairs of transplanted and non-transplanted patients with thromboembolism for the matched comparison, with worse overall survival for the transplanted patients (hazard ratio=10.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-78.1; P=0.007). This was confirmed by the global matching procedure (P=0.03). As regards aplastic anemia without thromboembolism, 30 pairs were identified for the matched comparison. It was not observed that transplanted patients had a significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio=4.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-18.9; P=0.06). A global matching procedure was not feasible. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is probably not a suitable treatment option for life-threatening thromboembolism in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Influence of Previous Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Matched-Pair Analysis

International audienceThe idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with increased risk of hematologic malignancies. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could be a curative strategy in this setting, but has been thought to be associated with increased nonrelapse mortality (NRM). We conducted a national French retrospective analysis of patients with IBD who underwent allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancies and were matched with 3 controls according to recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics. Between 2004 and 2015, 18 patients with IBD underwent allogeneic HSCT. With a median follow-up of 33 months for the patients with IBD and 57 months for controls, the cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 39% for the patients with IBD and 40% for controls (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; P = .82). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 48 months was 52% for the patients with IBD and 43% for controls (HR, 0.92; P = .89). Nonrelapse mortality at 48 months was 19% for the patients with IBD and 11% for controls (HR, 4.93; P = .067). Overall survival at 48 months was 59% for the patients with IBD and 60% for matched controls (HR, 1.35; P = .56). In conclusion, IBD should not be considered a contraindication for transplantation, and its impact on comorbidity indexes should be reduced

FG_fish_species_Genotypes

This file contains the individual genotypes table for each of 18 species from French Guiana; and the 111 to 156 SNP markers that were validated through MassARRAY procedure. The molecular resources provided here were developed from samples collected in collaboration with the National Amazonian Park in French Guiana, under the contract R&D_2003_06 and with ethical consideration defined in the convention APA-973-7

Data from: A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: a support for community genetics

1.Multi‐species population genetics is an emerging field that provides insight relevant to conservation biology and community ecology. However, to date, this approach is limited to species with available genetic resources. The use of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed from recent genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technologies is a roadmap for the study of non‐model species, but remains cost prohibitive when several, distantly related species are involved. 2.We aimed to overcome this issue by using a single HiSeq3000 run of restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) to retrieve SNP markers for 40 diverse species including plants, invertebrates, fish and mammals. We developed a Python‐based pipeline to isolate ~100‐500 high‐quality SNP markers for each species that could be genotyped through classical PCR amplification methods. To assess the quality of these markers, we validated our approach on ~160 of the characterized SNPs for each of 18 Neotropical fish species from the river Maroni (French Guiana, South America), using the MassARRAY iPLEX platform from Agena Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). 3.A run of the pipeline applying stringent filtering parameters enabled the successful design of between 130 and 3492 SNP markers for 30 of the 40 study species. Relaxing pipeline parameters allows for an increase in the number of detected SNPs. Across the 18 species from French Guiana, an average of 85% of markers were successfully amplified, polymorphic, and scored in ≥90% of individuals (~200 individuals per species). The great majority (>98%) of these markers were at Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium in each sampling site from the river Maroni. 4.This SNP discovery was performed at the cost of ~$US110 for each of the 40 species. Genotyping was performed at the cost of ~$US6000 for each of the 18 fish species with an average of 200 individuals per species. This strategy was found cost‐and‐time efficient to develop hundreds of SNP markers for a large range of non‐model species, which can be used to investigate ecological and evolutionary questions that do not require whole‐genome coverage

Data from: A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: a support for community genetics

1.Multi‐species population genetics is an emerging field that provides insight relevant to conservation biology and community ecology. However, to date, this approach is limited to species with available genetic resources. The use of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed from recent genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technologies is a roadmap for the study of non‐model species, but remains cost prohibitive when several, distantly related species are involved. 2.We aimed to overcome this issue by using a single HiSeq3000 run of restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) to retrieve SNP markers for 40 diverse species including plants, invertebrates, fish and mammals. We developed a Python‐based pipeline to isolate ~100‐500 high‐quality SNP markers for each species that could be genotyped through classical PCR amplification methods. To assess the quality of these markers, we validated our approach on ~160 of the characterized SNPs for each of 18 Neotropical fish species from the river Maroni (French Guiana, South America), using the MassARRAY iPLEX platform from Agena Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). 3.A run of the pipeline applying stringent filtering parameters enabled the successful design of between 130 and 3492 SNP markers for 30 of the 40 study species. Relaxing pipeline parameters allows for an increase in the number of detected SNPs. Across the 18 species from French Guiana, an average of 85% of markers were successfully amplified, polymorphic, and scored in ≥90% of individuals (~200 individuals per species). The great majority (>98%) of these markers were at Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium in each sampling site from the river Maroni. 4.This SNP discovery was performed at the cost of ~$US110 for each of the 40 species. Genotyping was performed at the cost of ~$US6000 for each of the 18 fish species with an average of 200 individuals per species. This strategy was found cost‐and‐time efficient to develop hundreds of SNP markers for a large range of non‐model species, which can be used to investigate ecological and evolutionary questions that do not require whole‐genome coverage

Triage Scoring System Based on Early Post-Transplant Complications for Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome Requiring ICU after Allo-HCT: An SFGM-TC Study

58th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH), San Diego, CA, DEC 03-06, 2016International audienc