Designing a Belief Function-Based Accessibility Indicator to Improve Web Browsing for Disabled People

The purpose of this study is to provide an accessibility measure of web-pages, in order to draw disabled users to the pages that have been designed to be ac-cessible to them. Our approach is based on the theory of belief functions, using data which are supplied by reports produced by automatic web content assessors that test the validity of criteria defined by the WCAG 2.0 guidelines proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) organization. These tools detect errors with gradual degrees of certainty and their results do not always converge. For these reasons, to fuse information coming from the reports, we choose to use an information fusion framework which can take into account the uncertainty and imprecision of infor-mation as well as divergences between sources. Our accessibility indicator covers four categories of deficiencies. To validate the theoretical approach in this context, we propose an evaluation completed on a corpus of 100 most visited French news websites, and 2 evaluation tools. The results obtained illustrate the interest of our accessibility indicator

gOntt: a Tool for Scheduling Ontology Development Projects

The Ontology Engineering field lacks tools that guide ontology developers to plan and schedule their ontology development projects. gOntt helps ontology developers in two ways: (a) to schedule ontology projects; and (b) to execute such projects based on the schedule and using the NeOn Methodology

gOntt, a Tool for Scheduling and Executing Ontology Development Projects

Nowadays the ontology engineering field does not have any method that guides ontology practitioners when planning and scheduling their ontology development projects. The field also lacks the tools that help ontology practitioners to plan, schedule, and execute such projects. This paper tries to contribute to the solution of these problems by proposing the identification of two ontology life cycle models, the definition of the methodological basis for scheduling ontology projects, and a tool called gOntt that (1) supports the scheduling of ontology developments and (2) helps to execute such development projects

Does descriptive text change how people look at art? A novel analysis of eye-movements using data-driven Units of Interest

Does reading a description of an artwork affect how a person subsequently views it? In a controlled study, we show that in most cases, textual description does not influence how people subsequently view paintings, contrary to participants’ self-report that they believed it did. To examine whether the description affected transition behaviour, we devised a novel analysis method that systematically determines Units of Interest (UOIs), and calculates transitions between these, to quantify the effect of an external factor (a descriptive text) on the viewing pattern of a naturalistic stimulus (a painting). UOIs are defined using a grid-based system, where the cell-size is determined by a clustering algorithm (DBSCAN). The Hellinger distance is computed for the distance between two Markov chains using a permutation test, constructed from the transition matrices (visual shifts between UOIs) of the two groups for each painting. Results show that the description does not affect the way in which people transition between UOIs for all but one of the paintings -- an abstract work -- suggesting that description may play more of a role in determining transition behaviour when a lack of semantic cues means it is unclear how the painting should be interpreted. The contribution is twofold: to the domain of art/curation, we provide evidence that descriptive texts do not effect how people view paintings, with the possible exception of some abstract paintings; to the domain of eye-movement research, we provide a method with the potential to answer questions across multiple research areas, where the goal is to determine whether a particular factor or condition consistently affects viewing behaviour of naturalistic stimuli

El Criminal Compliance en las personas jurídicas como prevención y detección de industrias criminales

La presente tesis surge por el aumento de casos emblemáticos de las personas jurídicas para cometer delitos contra el Estado, convirtiéndolos en industrias criminales. Se tuvo como objetivo general: Desarrollar la necesidad de la incorporación de la figura jurídica del criminal compliance como prevención y detección de industrias criminales en el Perú; y como objetivos específicos: i) Analizar el tratamiento normativo, doctrinario y jurisprudencial a nivel nacional e internacional de la figura jurídica del criminal compliance en las personas jurídicas como prevención y detección de industrias criminales en el Perú, ii) Determinar la viabilidad de la aplicación de la figura jurídica del criminal compliance en las personas jurídicas como prevención y detección de industrias criminales en la normativa peruana y iii) Plantear a través de un proyecto de ley, la incorporación de la figura jurídica del criminal compliance en las personas jurídicas como prevención y detección de industrias criminales en el Perú. La metodología que se empleó fue de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, empleando corpus documental de fuentes confiables; obteniendo como resultado que es necesario implementar un programa de cumplimiento criminal en el Perú. Concluyendo que, es viable la implementación de la figura jurídica mencionada, en el ordenamiento nacional

Calidad de servicio y satisfacción del cliente de un restaurante, Pacasmayo - 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad del servicio y la satisfacción del cliente de un restaurante Pacasmayo 2022. Considerando las dimensiones de la variable calidad del servicio: confiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, empatía, tangibilidad y para la segunda variable satisfacción del cliente, sus dimensiones son Calidad de producto, Expectativas. La metodología usada correspondió a un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, correlacional – transversal, se usó una población finita y se aplicó a una muestra de 90 clientes, donde se empleó la técnica de la encuesta para recoger la información importante de nuestro cuestionario estructurado. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvo la validación de la hipótesis logrando determinar el nivel de correlación que existen entre ambas variables de estudio. La correlación fue de 0.707 positiva moderada y el nivel de significancia es 0,000; al ser p<0,005 se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alternativa. Como conclusión se determinó la correlación que existe entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción del cliente de un restaurante Pacasmayo 2022, con un (r= ,707), afirmando que ambas variables guardan relación

Sleep and quality of life in urban poverty : the effect of a slum housing upgrading program

Study Objectives : To evaluate the effect of a housing transition on sleep quality and quality of life in slum dwellers, participating in a slum housing upgrading program. Design : Observational before-and-after study with a convergent-parallel mixed method design. Setting : Five slums located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants : A total of 150 slum dwellers benefited by a housing program of the nonprofit organization TECHO (spanish word for “roof”). Interventions : Participants moved from their very low-quality house to a basic prefabricated 18 m2 modular house provided by TECHO. Measurements and Results : The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered before and after housing upgrading. Data about housing conditions, income, education, sleeping conditions, and cardiovascular risk were also collected. Semistructured interviews were used to expand and nuance quantitative data obtained from a poorly educated sample. Results showed that sleep quality significantly increased after the housing program (z = -6.57, P < 0.001). Overall quality of life (z = -6.85, P < 0.001), physical health domain (z = -4.35, P < 0.001), psychological well-being domain (z = -3.72, P < 0.001) and environmental domain (z = -7.10, P < 0.001) of WHOQOL-BREF were also improved. Interviews demonstrated the importance of serenity for improving quality of life. Conclusions : A minimal improvement in the quality of basic housing can significantly increase sleep quality and quality of life among slum dwellers. Understanding sleep and daily life conditions in informal urban settlements could help to define what kind of low-cost intervention may improve sleep quality, quality of life, and reduce existent sleep disparity

Human Computation and Convergence

Humans are the most effective integrators and producers of information, directly and through the use of information-processing inventions. As these inventions become increasingly sophisticated, the substantive role of humans in processing information will tend toward capabilities that derive from our most complex cognitive processes, e.g., abstraction, creativity, and applied world knowledge. Through the advancement of human computation - methods that leverage the respective strengths of humans and machines in distributed information-processing systems - formerly discrete processes will combine synergistically into increasingly integrated and complex information processing systems. These new, collective systems will exhibit an unprecedented degree of predictive accuracy in modeling physical and techno-social processes, and may ultimately coalesce into a single unified predictive organism, with the capacity to address societies most wicked problems and achieve planetary homeostasis.Comment: Pre-publication draft of chapter. 24 pages, 3 figures; added references to page 1 and 3, and corrected typ

Operational Research: Methods and Applications

Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first aims to summarise the up-to-date knowledge and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-port-of-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order