Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcoma condroblástico extraesquelético em um cão

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads to significant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such as abscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. They comprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion. The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones including ilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbs swelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periosteal reactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones; radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral side of the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscess in the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Another mass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3 cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterized by thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling and thickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic cultures from the masses samples sent to culture. Histopathological examination showed areas of chondroid differentiation, osteoidtissue formation and cell morphology suggestive of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in mediastinal region, with invasion and involvement of the diaphragm and lungs. The analyzed bone fragment had large foci of tissue compaction, peritrabecular bleeding and mineralization of osteoid tissue, permeated by plasma cells and typical lymphocytes.Discussion: Although hypertrophic osteopathy is often characterized as a disease which affects the diaphysis of distal long bones, this case presented a proximal progression of the disease. There was an unusual involvement of joints and ilium, which reinforces the importance of radiographic evaluation of these regions. Further studies on the pathogenesis of the syndrome are required, as its exact mechanisms remain obscure. It is suggested that the term hypertrophic osteoarthropathy should not be consider a misnomer since joint involvement is not exclusive of human form of the disease. Mediastinal masses are important cause of hypertrophic osteopathy. However, this is the first paper the authors are aware of that reports the occurrence of hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to mediastinal osteosarcoma. Finally, although rare, extra skeletal osteosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic masses in dogs with hypertrophic osteopathy. Timely diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy, whose signs of lameness and painful limbs draw the owner’s attention, may favor the diagnosis of severe concomitant diseases

Fundamentos sensoriais da arquitetura

Resumo simples produzido pelos alunos da Faculdade Araguaia no ano de 2018, em parceria com os professores, e aprovado pela Coordenação de cada curso

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Prevalência de Chlamydia trachomathis em amostras endocervicais de mulheres em São Paulo e Santa Catarina pela PCR Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical samples by PCR in São Paulo and Santa Catarina

INTRODUÇÃO: Nenhuma outra doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) tem mostrado frequência tão elevada quanto a infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). É frequente a detecção de mulheres portadoras de danos tubários causados por esse agente, determinando infertilidade permanente e as intervenções cirúrgicas não têm demonstrado sucesso em reparar esses danos. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) se mostrou mais sensível do que a cultura para a identificação de CT, principalmente em cervicite clamidiana nas mulheres. A PCR promove a detecção de sequências específicas de nucleotídeos para a CT. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de infecções causadas pela CT em mulheres nos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina utilizando amostras endocervicais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Utilizaram-se para o presente trabalho amostras enviadas pelos laboratórios conveniados ao Genolab, pertencentes aos estados de São Paulo e de Santa Catarina. Foram consultados os resultados dos laudos de exames para CT oriundos do banco de dados do Genolab no ano de 2010. Para a obtenção e o isolamento do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA), utilizou-se a técnica de fenol-clorofórmio e para a amplificação do material genético, a técnica de PCR. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se uma amostra de 287 indivíduos, e desse total 56,45% das mulheres eram positivas. A amostra que obteve o maior número de positivos foi o swab endocervical, com 75%. CONCLUSÃO: As amostras biológicas provenientes do endocérvix apresentaram detecção eficiente da CT na população feminina. A alta prevalência salienta a importância no emprego do diagnóstico molecular, principalmente por este trabalho apontar esse aspecto.<br>INTRODUCTION: No other sexually transmitted disease (STD) has been as frequent as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Tubal damage caused by this agent has been frequently detected among women. This infection causes permanent infertility. Furthermore, surgical interventions have not demonstrated success in repairing tubal damage. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved to be more sensitive than culture to the identification of CT mainly in women with chlamydial cervicitis.PCR promotes the detection of specific nucleotide sequences in CT. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of infections caused by CT in women in São Paulo and Santa Catarina states by use of endocervical samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study we used samples from laboratories in São Paulo and Santa Catarina states, which are associated with Genolab. CT examination result reports from 2010 obtained from Genolab database were analyzed. The phenol-chloroform protocol was used to obtain and isolate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the (PCR) method was used to amplify genetic material. RESULTS: We obtained a sample of 287 individuals, of which 56.45% were positive. Endocervical swab samples showed the highest positive results (75%). CONCLUSION: Endocervical samples constituted an accurate detection of CT. The high prevalence emphasizes the importance of molecular diagnosis, which is also corroborated by this study

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation and puncture simulation of the internal jugular vein by medical students

Abstract Objectives To show that medical students can evaluate the internal jugular vein (IJV) and its anatomical variations after rapid and focused training. We also aimed to evaluate the success rate of IJV puncture in simulation following traditional techniques (TTs) and monitored via ultrasound (US). Materials and methods Six medical students without experience with US were given 4 h of theoretical–practical training in US, and then evaluated the IJV and common carotid artery (CCA) of 105 patients. They also simulated a puncture of the IJV at a demarcated point, where a TT was theoretically performed. Results Adequate images were obtained from 95% of the patients; the IJV, on the right side, was more commonly found in the anterolateral position in relation to the CCA (38%). On the left side, the most commonly position observed was the anterior (36%). The caliber of the IJV relative to the CCA greatly varied. The success rate in the IJV puncture simulation, observed with US, by the TTs was 55%. Conclusion The training of medical students to recognize large neck vessels is a simple, quick, and feasible task and that can be integrated into the undergraduate medical curriculum

A framework for enhancing industrial soft sensor learning models

Refinery industrial processes are very complex with nonlinear dynamics resulting from varying feedstock characteristics and also from changes in product prioritization. Along these processes, there are key properties of intermediate compounds that must be monitored and controlled since they directly affect the quality of the end products commercialized by these manufacturers. However, most of these properties can only be measured through time-consuming and expensive laboratory analysis, which is impossible to obtain in high frequencies, as required to properly monitor them. In this sense, developing soft sensors is the most common way to obtain high-frequency estimations for these measurements, helping advanced control systems to establish the correct setpoints for temperatures, pressures, and other sensors along the refining process, controlling the quality of end products. Since the amount of labeled data is scarce, most academic research has focused on employing semi- supervised learning strategies to develop machine learning (ML) models as soft sensors. Our research, on the other hand, goes in another direction. We aim to elaborate a framework that leverages the knowledge of domain experts and employs data augmentation techniques to build an enhanced fully labeled dataset that could be fed to any supervised ML algorithm to generate a quality soft sensor. We applied our framework together with Automated ML to train a model capable of predicting a specific key property associated with the production of Naphtha compounds in a refinery: the ASTM 95% distillation temperature of the Heavy Naphtha. Although our framework is model agnostic, we opted by using Automated ML for the optimization strategy, since it applies a diverse set of models to the dataset, reducing the bias of utilizing a single optimization algorithm. We evaluated the proposed framework on a case study carried out in an industrial refinery in Brazil, where the previous model in production for estimating the ASTM 95% distillation temperature of the Heavy Naphtha was based entirely on the physicochemical knowledge of the process. By adopting our framework with Automated ML, we were capable of improving the R2 score by 120%. The resulting ML model is currently operating in real-time inside the refinery, leading to significant economic gains