Stochastic analysis of three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity upscaling in a heterogeneous tropical soil

[EN] Hydraulic conductivity (K) heterogeneity is seldom considered in geotechnical practice for the impossibility of sampling the entire area of interest and for the difficulty of accounting for scale effects. Stochastic three-dimensional K upscaling can tackle these two problems, and a workflow is described with an application in a tropical soil. The application shows that K heterogeneity can be incorporated in the daily practice of the geotechnical modeler while discussing the aspects to consider when performing the upscaling so that the upscaled models reproduce the average fluxes at the fine scale.The authors thank the financial support by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Project 401441/2014-8). The doctoral fellowship award to the first author by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) is gratefully acknowledged. The first author thanks the International Mobility Grant awarded by CNPq (200597/2015-9) and Santander mobility. The authors also thank DHI-WASI for providing a FEFLOW Software license.Almeida De-Godoy, V.; Zuquette, L.; Gómez-Hernández, JJ. (2018). Stochastic analysis of three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity upscaling in a heterogeneous tropical soil. Computers and Geotechnics. 100:174-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.03.004S17418710

To solve the unsolved: managing destructive conflicts : A qualitative study about HRs challenges in handling destructive conflicts in the workplace

Syftet: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och utveckla förståelse för hur HR-personal hanterar destruktiva konflikter mellan personer på arbetsplatser. Fokus är på de utmaningar HR-personal upplever i konflikthanteringsprocessen. Metod: Studien har utförts genom en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv forskningsansats. Studien har tillämpat en undersökningsdesign likt en tvärsnittsstudie och datainsamlingen har skett genom ostrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att HR har ett antal utmaningar i sitt arbete för att hantera destruktiva konflikter på arbetsplatsen. HRs hanteringsprocess behöver vara situationsanpassad, därigenom använder HR olika tillvägagångssätt i sitt hanteringsarbete där HR-kollegors stöd beskrivs vara väsentligt. Vi konstaterar att många av utmaningarna grundar sig i att HRs arbete kopplat till konflikthantering handlar om människor. Komplexitet finns i att HR kommer in sent i processen, att hanteringen beror på mottagandet samt att det är svårt att veta vilka avväganden som krävs. Det påvisas däremot vara ytterst relevant att faktiskt hantera konflikten.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and develop an understanding of how HR-personnel handle destructive conflicts between people in workplaces. The focus is on the challenges HR-personnel experience in the conflict management process. Method: The study is conducted through a qualitative study with an inductive research approach. The study applied a survey design similar to a cross-sectional study and the data collection was carried out through unstructured interviews. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study shows that HR are facing a number of challenges in their work with handling destructive conflicts in the workplace. HRs managing process needs to adjust to the specific situation, therefore HR uses different approaches in their work and the support of HR-colleagues is described as essential. We have acknowledged that many of the challenges are based on the fact that their work concerns humans. Complexity is found in that HR are involved late in the handling process, their conflict management is depending on how the involved individuals receive HRs work and that it is difficult to know which choices to make. On the other hand, it is shown to be important to actually handle the conflict

To solve the unsolved: managing destructive conflicts : A qualitative study about HRs challenges in handling destructive conflicts in the workplace

Syftet: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och utveckla förståelse för hur HR-personal hanterar destruktiva konflikter mellan personer på arbetsplatser. Fokus är på de utmaningar HR-personal upplever i konflikthanteringsprocessen. Metod: Studien har utförts genom en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv forskningsansats. Studien har tillämpat en undersökningsdesign likt en tvärsnittsstudie och datainsamlingen har skett genom ostrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att HR har ett antal utmaningar i sitt arbete för att hantera destruktiva konflikter på arbetsplatsen. HRs hanteringsprocess behöver vara situationsanpassad, därigenom använder HR olika tillvägagångssätt i sitt hanteringsarbete där HR-kollegors stöd beskrivs vara väsentligt. Vi konstaterar att många av utmaningarna grundar sig i att HRs arbete kopplat till konflikthantering handlar om människor. Komplexitet finns i att HR kommer in sent i processen, att hanteringen beror på mottagandet samt att det är svårt att veta vilka avväganden som krävs. Det påvisas däremot vara ytterst relevant att faktiskt hantera konflikten.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and develop an understanding of how HR-personnel handle destructive conflicts between people in workplaces. The focus is on the challenges HR-personnel experience in the conflict management process. Method: The study is conducted through a qualitative study with an inductive research approach. The study applied a survey design similar to a cross-sectional study and the data collection was carried out through unstructured interviews. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study shows that HR are facing a number of challenges in their work with handling destructive conflicts in the workplace. HRs managing process needs to adjust to the specific situation, therefore HR uses different approaches in their work and the support of HR-colleagues is described as essential. We have acknowledged that many of the challenges are based on the fact that their work concerns humans. Complexity is found in that HR are involved late in the handling process, their conflict management is depending on how the involved individuals receive HRs work and that it is difficult to know which choices to make. On the other hand, it is shown to be important to actually handle the conflict

Numerical modeling of grout spread and leakage into a tunnel in hard rock – a case study

SYNOPSISDuring tunnel construction in fractured rock, a detailed hydrogeological description of the rock is of importance for successful grouting design and estimating leakage. A common simplification has been to assume the fractures as independent parallel plates; a 2D stacked model. However, analytical inflow predictions based on this model have not been sufficiently accurate. The aim of this work is to study whether a more realistic 3D fracture model, viewing the fracture system as a network of connected fractures, could better explain the sealing effects of grout compared to the 2D model.Inflow into a tunnel and grout penetration have been studied in a three-fracture network model, using the numerical groundwater flow code DarcyTools, version 3.1.Ideas developed from this study were then applied to a real case tunnel. Deviations from the analytical prediction of inflow into the grouted tunnel can be understood, in part at least, by taking the connectivity of the rock volume into account.The results further enhance the importance of firm geological and hydrogeological characterization of the rock mass that needs to be sealed with grout to reach a tolerable inflow of groundwater

Approach to estimating the maximum depth for glacially induced hydraulic jacking in fractured crystalline rock at Forsmark, Sweden

Hydraulic jacking is a significant dilation of a fracture that occurs when the pore pressure within it exceeds the sum of the fracture\u27s normal stress and tensile strength. This phenomenon may occur during a glacial period because of changes in hydraulic and mechanical boundary conditions. Since hydraulic jacking may alter flow patterns and the transport capacity of the rock mass, its possible effects on the long-term performance of a nuclear waste repository should be considered. We develop an approach to assess glacially induced hydraulic jacking in fractured crystalline rock and establish bounding estimates of the maximum jacking depth for the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company\u27s (SKB) repository site at Forsmark. The pore pressure is estimated using mechanically uncoupled two-dimensional poroelastic continuum models with hydraulic and mechanical conditions based on SKB\u27s reconstruction of the Weichselian glaciation at this site (120-0kaB.P.). For warm-based conditions, the water pressure at the ice/bed interface is set at 98% of the mechanical load, whereas for glacial conditions with extensive proglacial permafrost, the corresponding water pressure is set at a (lower) annual average value. We demonstrate that the pore pressure within the uppermost kilometer of rock is mainly governed by the water pressure at the ice/bed interface and that the mechanical impact of the ice load on the pore pressure is sufficiently small to be ignored. Given the current and estimated future stress conditions at Forsmark, hydraulic jacking is mainly of concern for subhorizontal fractures, i.e., it is sufficient to consider situations when the pore pressure exceeds the vertical stress. We conclude that hydraulic jacking at Forsmark will be confined to the uppermost 200m of the rock mass