Study of two MTA cements

Introduction: To determine and compare the pH, conductivity and calcium release of an experimental Portland cement (PE) consisting of trioxid mineral aggregate and a comercially available modified Portland cement (C.P.M.) after 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 15 and 30 days. Material and Methods: Cements were mixed following the manufacturer's instructions, with a powder: liquid ratio of 3:1. Each cement was placed in 12 PVC tubes 1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length and allowed to set. Four empty tubes were used as negative controls. Tubes were submerged in plastic flasks containing 10 ml deionized water and stored at 37ºC and 100% humidity. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 15 and 30 days tubes were removed from the flasks and these were refilled with deionized water. We measured pH, conductivity and calcium content of the recovered solution. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: pH was 0.3 units more alkaline with PE cement ( p =0.023). pH experienced a slight decrease with time ( p <0.001), independently of the cement type ( p >0.05). Conductivity of PE and CPM cements diminished at 4 days and almost recovered at 30 days ( p <0.001). PE cement had a higher conductivity ( p <0.001). Calcium release diminished from the first day and recovered at 30 days ( p <0.001) similarly for both cements ( p >0.05). Conclusions: PE cement raised pH slightly more and had higher conductivity than CPM. Calcium release diminished after the first day and recovered at 30 days, similarly for both cements

Laponite as carrier for controlled in vitro delivery of dexamethasone in vitreous humor models

Laponite clay is able to retain dexamethasone by simple physisorption, presumably accomplished by hydrogen bonding formation and/or complexation with sodium counterions, as shown by solid state NMR. The physisorption can be somehow modulated by changing the solvent in the adsorption process. This simple system is able to deliver dexamethasone in a controlled manner to solutions used as models for vitreous humor. The proven biocompatibility of laponite as well as its transparency in the gel state, together with the simplicity of the preparation method, makes this system suitable for future in vivo tests of ophthalmic treatment.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project PI12/02285) and authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from Diputación General de Aragón (E11 Group co-financed by the European Regional Development Funds).Peer Reviewe

Performance evaluation for 68Ga and 18F of the ARGUS small-animal PET scanner based on the NEMA NU-4 standard

Proceeding of: 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and 17th Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (IEEE), Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, October 30 - November 6, 201068Ga is one of the non-conventional nuclides that are being used in preclinical imaging. One disadvantage of 68Ga versus 18F is its larger positron range, which deteriorates the effective spatial resolution and the overall image quality. In this work we present a performance evaluation of the ARGUS smallanimal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner for two positron emitters, 68Ga and 18F. These experiments followed the procedure based on the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 4-2008 standard. We show how the use of 68Ga may affect the NEMA performance of the system in terms of image quality and spatial resolution. The recovery coefficients (RC) measured in the image-quality phantom ranged from 0.17 to 0.72 for 68Ga and from 0.28 to 0.92 for 18F, using iterative image reconstruction methods and applying all corrections. Under the same conditions the image noise (%STD) in a uniform region was 17.0% for 68Ga and 15.1% for 18F. The respective spillover ratios (SOR) were 0.13 and 0.09 in air, and 0.21 and 0.12 in water. Attenuation correction yielded an improvement of the SOR close to 50% for both radionuclides in the air-filled region. This work evaluates the image reconstruction methods and corrections available in the ARGUS PET for 68Ga and 18F to assess the influence of their physical properties on the NEMA parameters.Publicad

Viabilidad del uso de fotodetectores SiPM en sistemas PET/IRM

Actas de: XXVIII Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (CASEIB 2010). Madrid, 24-26 de noviembre de 2010.El fotomultiplicador de silicio (SiPM) es un detector compuesto por una matriz de fotodiodos funcionando en modo avalancha, también conocido como modo Geiger. Se trata de un dispositivo de alta eficiencia en la detección de fotones que, por tratarse de un semiconductor, es compacto, teóricamente insensible a campos magnéticos, y de bajo coste. Además, la electrónica asociada es sencilla y podría integrarse en el mismo dispositivo. Estas características hacen de este componente un buen candidato para construir detectores de rayos gamma para imagen médica nuclear (PET y SPECT). En este trabajo se evalúan las prestaciones de tres detectores diferentes de 1 x 1 mm2 y una matriz de 2 x 2 SiPMs (6 x 6 mm² área activa total). Se ha analizado la dependencia de los parámetros operacionales del dispositivo en presencia de campos magnéticos estáticos intensos y de los campos de radiofrecuencia generados por un sistema de IRM preclínico, en condiciones extremas de trabajo en cuanto a intensidad y frecuencia de conmutación de los gradientes de campo. Al mismo tiempo se ha verificado que la presencia de estos dispositivos en la zona de imagen de la RM no afecta a la calidad de la misma.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos TEC2007-64731, TEC 2008-06715-C02-1 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, por la RETIC-RECAVA del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, por el programa ARTEMIS S2009/DPI-1802 de la Comunidad de Madrid, por el proyecto europeo FMT-XCT FP7-201792, los programas FPA2007-62216, TEC2008-06715-C02-01, UCM (Grupos UCM; 910059), CPAN (Consolider-Ingenio 2010) y CSPD-2007-00042. Parte de los cálculos realizados en este trabajo se han hecho en el ‘‘High Capacity Cluster for Physical Techniques’’ de la UCM, financiados en parte por la UE bajo el programa FEDER, y en otra parte por la UCM.Publicad

Substitutions of fluorine atoms and phenoxy groups in the synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives.

The unexpected substitution of fluorine atoms and phenoxy groups attached to quinoxaline or benzofuroxan rings is described. The synthesis of 2-benzyl- and 2-phenoxy- 3-methylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives was based on the classical Beirut reaction. The tendency of fluorine atoms linked to quinoxaline or benzofuroxan rings to be replaced by a methoxy group when dissolved in an ammonia saturated solution of methanol was clearly demonstrated. In addition, 2-phenoxyquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives became 2-aminoquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in the presence of gaseous ammonia

Tomato floral induction and flower development are orchestrated by the interplay between gibberellin and two unrelated microRNA-controlled modules

[EN] Age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and targets similarly control the competence to flower in diverse species. By contrast, the diterpene hormone gibberellin (GA) and the microRNA319-regulated TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors promote flowering in the facultative long-day Arabidopsis thaliana, but suppress it in the day-neutral tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We combined genetic and molecular studies and described a new interplay between GA and two unrelated miRNA-associated pathways that modulates tomato transition to flowering. Tomato PROCERA/DELLA activity is required to promote flowering along with the miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL/SBP) transcription factors by activating SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves and the MADS-Boxgene APETALA1(AP1)/MC at the shoot apex. Conversely, miR319-targeted LANCEOLATE represses floral transition by increasing GA concentrations and inactivating SFT in the leaves and AP1/MC at the shoot apex. Importantly, the combination of high GA concentrations/responses with the loss of SPL/SPB function impaired canonical meristem maturation and flower initiation in tomato. Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of tomato floral induction and flower development, integrating age cues (miR156 module) with GA responses and miR319-controlled pathways. Importantly, this study contributes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of GA in controlling flowering time in a day-neutral species.We thank Dr C. Schommer for kindly providing tcp4-soj8/+ seeds, and Carlos Rojas for Arabidopsis flowering time analyses. This work was supported by FAPESP (grant no. 15/17892-7 and fellowships nos 15/23826-7 and 13/16949-0). The authors declare no conflict of interest.Silva, G.; Silva, E.; Correa, J.; Vicente, M.; Jiang, N.; Notini, M.; Junior, A.... (2018). 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Experimental validation of gallium production and isotope-dependent positron range correction in PET

Abstract Positron range (PR) is one of the important factors that limit the spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) preclinical images. Its blurring effect can be corrected to a large extent if the appropriate method is used during the image reconstruction. Nevertheless, this correction requires an accurate modelling of the PR for the particular radionuclide and materials in the sample under study. In this work we investigate PET imaging with 68Ga and 66Ga radioisotopes, which have a large PR and are being used in many preclinical and clinical PET studies. We produced a 68Ga and 66Ga phantom on a natural zinc target through (p,n) reactions using the 9-MeV proton beam delivered by the 5-MV CMAM tandetron accelerator. The phantom was imaged in an ARGUS small animal PET/CT scanner and reconstructed with a fully 3D iterative algorithm, with and without PR corrections. The reconstructed images at different time frames show significant improvement in spatial resolution when the appropriate PR is applied for each frame, by taking into account the relative amount of each isotope in the sample. With these results we validate our previously proposed PR correction method for isotopes with large PR. Additionally, we explore the feasibility of PET imaging with 68Ga and 66Ga radioisotopes in proton therapy.We acknowledge support from the Spanish MINECO through projects FPA2010-17142, FPA2013-41267-P, CSD-2007-00042 (CPAN), and the RTC-2015-3772-1 grant. We also acknowledge support from Comunidad de Madrid via the TOPUS S2013/MIT-3024 project

Measurement of activity produced by low energy proton beam in metals using off-line PET imaging

Proceeding of: 2011 Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Valencia, España, 23-29 October, 2011In this work, we investigate PET imaging with 68Ga and 66Ga after proton irradiation on a natural zinc foil. The nuclides 68Ga and 66Ga are ideally suited for off line PET monitoring of proton radiotherapy due to their beta decay halflives of 67.71(9) minutes and 9.49(3) hours, respectively, and suitable fl end point energy. The purpose of this work is to explore the feasibility of PET monitoring in hadrontherapy treatments, and to study how the amount of activity and the positron range affect the PET image reconstruction. Profiting from the low energy reaction threshold for production via (p,n) reactions, both 68Ga and 66Ga gallium isotopes have been produced by activation on a natural zinc target by a proton pencil beam. In this way, it is possible to create detailed patterns, such as the Derenzo inspired one employed here. The proton beam was produced by the 5 MV tandetron accelerator at CMAM in Madrid. The energy of this beam (up to 10 MeV) is similar to the residual energy of the protons used for therapy at the distal edge of their path. The activated target was imaged in an ARGUS small animal PETtCT scanner and reconstructed with a fully 3D iterative algorithm, with and without positron range corrections.This work was supported in part by Comunidad de Madrid (ARTEMIS S2009/DPI 1802), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants FPA2010 17142 and ENTEPRASE, PSE 300000 2009 5), by European Regional Funds, by CDTI under the CENIT Programme (AMIT Project), UCM (grupos UCM, 910059) and by CPAN, CSPD 2007 [email protected]

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide and the Potential for Treating Tuberculosis

New drugs active against drug-resistant tuberculosis are urgently needed to extend the range of TB treatment options to cover drug resistant infections. Quinoxaline derivatives show very interesting biological properties (antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, antihelmintic, insecticidal) and evaluation of their medicinal chemistry is still in progress. In this review we report the properties and the recent developments of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. Specific agents are reviewed that have excellent antitubercular drug properties, are active on drug resistant strains and non-replicating mycobacteria. The properties of select analogs that have in vivo activity in the low dose aerosol infection model in mice will be reviewed