27 research outputs found
Motivos para a evasão das meninas em Projetos de Inclusão Social por meio do esporte
This exploratory study aimed to verify the reasons of former students in Social Inclusion Projects (PIS) for evasion of activities. Twenty-three teachers (M age = 37.7 years) answered the semi-structured questionnaire and ten former students (M age = 17.1 years) were interviewed in two PIS located in the interior of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. The extracted information respected the narrative analysis criteria, being triangulated with the theoretical framework of the area. Reasons for social, pedagogical, psychological and management evasion were identified. The need to work and study were the main reasons given for evasion. The didactic procedures in the classes were also highlighted, in addition to the discontinuity of public policies for sport and leisure for the lower classes.Este estudio exploratorio buscó verificar los motivos de los exalumnos de Proyectos de Inclusión Social Deportiva (PIS) para abandonar las actividades. Veintitrés profesores (M edad = 37,7 años) respondieron el cuestionario semiestructurado y diez exalumnos (M edad = 17,1 años) fueron entrevistados en dos PIS ubicados en el interior de favelas de Río de Janeiro. La información extraída respetó los criterios de análisis narrativo, siendo triangulada con el marco teórico del área. Se identificaron las razones de la evasión social, pedagógica, psicológica y gerencial. La necesidad de trabajar y estudiar fueron las principales razones aducidas para la evasión. También se destacaron los procedimientos didácticos en las clases, además de la discontinuidad de las políticas públicas de deporte y ocio para las clases populares.Este estudo exploratório procurou verificar os motivos de ex-alunas em Projetos de Inclusão Social esportivos (PIS) para evasão das atividades. Responderam ao questionário semiestruturado 23 professores (M idade = 37,7 anos) e foram entrevistadas dez ex-alunas (M idade = 17,1 anos) em dois PIS situados no interior de favelas no Rio de Janeiro. As informações extraídas respeitaram os critérios de análise de narrativa, sendo triangulados com o referencial teórico da área. Foram identificados motivos para evasão de ordem social, pedagógico, psicológico e de gestão. A necessidade de trabalhar e estudar foram os principais motivos apontados para evasão. Os procedimentos didáticos nas aulas também foram citados com destaque, além da descontinuidade das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer para as camadas populares
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and comorbidities in isolated African descent communities (PREVRENAL): methodological design of a cohort study
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a serious public health problem, both in Brazil and worldwide, with an increasing number of cases observed inrecent years. Especially, CKD has been reported to be highly prevalent in those of African descent. However, Brazil lacks data from early-stage CKD population studies, and the prevalence of CKD is unknown for both the overall and African descent populations. Hence, the present study aims to estimate the prevalence of early-stage CKD and its associated risk factors in African-Brazilians from isolated African-descent communities. Herein, the detailed methodology design of the study is described. Methods: This population-based, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study (PREVRENAL) is performed in three stages: first, clinical, nutritional, and anthropometric evaluationsmeasurements of serum and urinary markersand examinations of comorbidities were performed. Second, repeated examinations of individuals with CKD, systemic arterial hypertension, and/or diabetes mellitusimage screeningand cardiac risk assessment were performed. Third, long-term monitoring of all selected individuals will be conducted (ongoing). Using probability sampling, 1539 individuals from 32 communities were selected. CKD was defined asaglomerular filtration rate (GFR) 30 mg/day. Discussion: This study proposes to identify and monitor individuals with and without reduced GFR and high albuminuria in isolated populations of African descendants in Brazil. As there are currently no specific recommendations for detecting CKD in African descendants, four equations for estimating the GFR based on serum creatinine and cystatin C were used and will be retrospectively compared. The present report describes the characteristics of the target population, selection of individuals, and detection of a population at risk, along with the imaging, clinical, and laboratory methodologies used. The first and second stages have been concluded and the results will be published in the near future. The subsequent (third) stage is the long-term, continuous monitoring of individuals diagnosed with renal abnormalities or with CKD risk factors. The entire study population will be re-evaluated five years after the study initiation. The expectation is to obtain information about CKD evolution among this population, including the progression rate, complication development, and cardiovascular events.Research Support Foundation of Maranhao (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Maranhao - FAPEMA)Univ Fed Maranhao, Kidney Dis Prevent Ctr, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Dept Med 1, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Dept Publ Hlth, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Kidney Dis Prevent Ctr, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Dept Physiol Sci, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Radiol, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estado Rio De Janeiro, Dept Internal Med, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Discipline Nephrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Discipline Nephrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system: when to ask, what to ask, what to expect
Comparative evaluation of the pH of calcium hydroxide powder in contact with carbon dioxide (CO2)
Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt
Desvalorização da aprendizagem técnica na educação física: evidências e críticas
The main intention of this field study is to know the aspirations of students who participated in an education through sports project, in relation to the benefits of its practice and to observe if there are expectation differences between the boys (37) and the girls (40), whose average of age are of 11.5 years. The results indicated that the professional formation (to develop as athlete or instructor) populates the imagination within both sexes. We take advantage of the evidences of the study to discuss the lack of evidences of the said "anti-hegemonic or transforming" pedagogies and probable effects brought about by the abandonment of the teaching of the technical aspects of the sport gesture, born from the critic to the "technicism". We emphasize that the abandonment of teaching-learning of the technique seems to be in opposition to the aspirations and expectations of the participants.El propósito principal de este estudio empírico fue el de conocer las aspiraciones de alumnos participantes en un proyecto socio educacional a través del deporte,en relación con la práctica orientada de deportes y observar si existen diferencias entre los varones (37) y las mujeres (40), cuja media de edad es de 11,5 años. Los resultados indicaron que la formación profesional (desenvolverse como atleta o profesor) puebla la imaginación de ambos os sexos. Las observaciones del estudio fueron utilizadas para discutir la falta de evidencias de las pedagogías dichas contra-hegemónicas o transformadoras y los probables efectos provocados por el abandono de la enseñanza de los aspectos técnicos del gesto deportivo, realizada a partir de la crítica al “tecnicismo”. Enfatizamos que el abandono del enseñar y aprender de la técnica parece ser contrario a las aspiraciones y expectativas de los participantes.Propõe-se neste estudo conhecer as aspirações dos alunos participantes em um projeto sócio educacional mediante o esporte, quanto aos benefícios da prática, e observar se existem diferenças nas expectativas de 37 meninos e 40 meninas, com média de idade de 11,5 anos. Os resultados indicaram que a formação profissional (tornar-se atleta ou professor) povoa a imaginação dos meninos e meninas estudados. As observações da pesquisa o foram aproveitadas para discutir a falta de evidências das pedagogias ditas contra-hegemônicas ou transformadoras e os prováveis efeitos provocados pelo abandono do ensino dos aspectos técnicos do gesto esportivo a partir da crítica ao “tecnicismo”. Enfatiza-se a evidência empírica de que o abandono do ensino-aprendizagem da técnica parece ser contrário as aspirações e expectativas dos participantes
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system: when to ask, what to ask, what to expect
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis very frequently makes the difference to the diagnosis, not only in relation to infections but also in other diseases of the nervous system such as inflammatory, demyelinating, neoplastic and degenerative diseases. The authors review some practical and important features of CSF analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system, with regard to acute bacterial meningitis, herpetic meningoencephalitis, neurotuberculosis, neurocryptococcosis, neurocysticercosis and neurosyphilis
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system: when to ask, what to ask, what to expect
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis very frequently makes the difference to the diagnosis, not only in relation to infections but also in other diseases of the nervous system such as inflammatory, demyelinating, neoplastic and degenerative diseases. The authors review some practical and important features of CSF analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system, with regard to acute bacterial meningitis, herpetic meningoencephalitis, neurotuberculosis, neurocryptococcosis, neurocysticercosis and neurosyphilis