Razonando acerca de programas funcionales

Una de las grandes ventajas de los lenguajes funcionales puros es que permiten ser razonados ecuacionalmente, de esta forma, se facilita su depuración, vericación de la corrección, reducción, etc. Pero esta pureza impide los efectos computacionales necesarios para que este tipo de programas tengan interacción alguna, es por esto que las funciones monádicas, que se encargan de encapsular estos efectos y así conservar la pureza, representan una estructura importante dentro de los lenguajes funcionales tales como Haskell. Sin embargo, debido a que las mónadas poseen una estructura imperativa, no se ha podido establecer una manera de poder razonar ecuacionalmente sobre éstas, el lograrlo supondría un avance significativo en lo que a verificación de programas se refiere. Por tanto, se presentan los conceptos básicos que permitan comprender cómo se razona sobre los programas y se muestra mediante un ejemplo la posibilidad de razonar ecuacionalmente sobre funciones monádicas

La ciencia ficción como herramienta pedagógica en un curso de Estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad: descripción de una experiencia docente

Science fiction can be used as a pedagogical aid for the teaching, popularizing, critical reflection and promotion of science and technology. A teaching experience is described in which science fiction stories (novels, short stories, movies and short films) were used exclusively to impart a Science, Technology and Society Studies Course for undergraduate students of the Library Science program, in the Interamerican School of Library Science, Antioquia University, during the first semester of 2014. The course was structured as a reading and writing workshop, supplemented with thematical discussions and exercises. The results were satisfactory, showcasing the students creativity and critical thinking. Several recommendations and resources are presented for other teachers who wish to emulate or adapt the experience

Hacia la formalización del razonamiento ecuacional sobre mónadas

Una de las grandes ventajas de los lenguajes funcionales puros es que permiten ser razonados ecuacionalmente, de esta forma, se facilita la verificación de su corrección. Pero esta pureza impide los efectos computacionales necesarios para que este tipo de programas tengan interacción alguna, es por esto que las funciones monádicas, que se encargan de encapsular estos efectos y así conservar la pureza, representan una estructura importante dentro de los lenguajes funcionales. Sin embargo, debido a que las mónadas poseen una estructura imperativa, no se ha podido establecer un enfoque aceptado para razonar ecuacionalmente sobre éstas. Por tanto, se pretende formalizar (desde un punto de vista computacional) en Agda la propuesta realizada por Gibbons y Hinze en [7] minimizando así los errores en los pasos de cada una de las demostraciones. Así pues, se presentan los conceptos básicos que permitan comprender cómo se razona sobre los programas y se muestra mediante un ejemplo la posibilidad de formalizar este razonamiento

El Síndrome de Burnout en los profesionales de enfermería

Introducción: El estrés es un fenómeno que adquiere cada día más importancia, llegando a considerarse la enfermedad del siglo XXI. En el ámbito de la salud, el profesional de enfermería se enfrenta diariamente a situaciones que propician el desarrollo de niveles de estrés. Cuando no se atiende a tiempo se puede convertir en el síndrome de Burnout produciendo un desgaste físico y emocional. Es un proceso paulatino de pérdida del interés en el trabajo, pérdida del sentido de la responsabilidad, irritabilidad y profundas depresiones. Es el principal originador de bajas laborales. Burnout,proviene del inglés; literalmente “quemado” Objetivos: Explicar las características que definen y determinan el síndrome de Burnout en los profesionales de enfermería, así como la prevención y actuación frente a dicho síndrome. Realizar una comparación de cómo afecta el síndrome de Burnout en otras profesiones. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en varias bases de datos: google académico,Dialnet, Scielo y Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, seleccionando aquellos artículos adecuados para la realización de este trabajo. Resultados: De los resultados obtenidos podemos deducir que existen niveles altos del síndrome de Burnout entre los profesionales de enfermería, afectando más a mujeres y con varios años de experiencia. Siendo la unidad de oncología, la que presenta estadísticamente niveles más altos de profesionales de enfermería con Burnout. Conclusiones: Se puede prevenir o reducir el número de casos del Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de enfermería, con una correcta evaluación y desarrollando planes de actuación, teniendo en cuenta que las mujeres son más vulnerables.Grado en Enfermerí

Formalization of Programs with Positive Inductive Types

Proof assistants are computer systems that allows a user to do mathematics on a computer helping with the development of formal proof by human-machine collaboration, however most of them only work with strictly positive types, this restriction limits the number of problem that can be formalized. This is perhaps the reason why verification of programs that use positive (and negative) types is uncommon. Hence, we use the programming logic created by Bove, Dybjer and Sicard- Ram´ırez that accept positive types to formalize the termination of a breadth-first search in a binary tree using continuations data type which is positive

An evaluation of the structural integrity of HSLA steels exposed in simulated flue-gases under dynamic conditions for anthropogenic CO2 transport.

Carbon capture and storage (CCTS) is a transitional technology offering a nearterm method of mitigating climate change. Pipelines are considered to be the most suitable systems for CCTS; however, structural integrity of pipeline has to be guaranteed in order for this technology to become a practical technical solution. The investigation detailed here is based on a systematic experimental approach to investigate the structural integrity of API X100, X60 and X70 steels exposed in simulated flue-gas under dynamic conditions. A core of the structured experiments through some methods such as aging test, tensile properties, fracture toughness, residual stress and engineering critical assessment was accomplished in parent material and exposed samples on flue-gas. The temperature range of evaluation for tensile test covers -70C to 21C while fracture toughness was over the range -196C to 21C. Tensile properties of virgin material show that steels meet standard specification while aging samples do not show significant scatter compared with parent steels. Ovalisation of the fracture surface and splitting phenomenon was observed which is related with steel anisotropy. Fracture toughness obtained from experiment was compared with that calculate by two existing correlations. However both correlations did not predict the level of fracture toughness expected indicating the methods used in this work has limited applicability under the test conditions used here. Residual stress (RS) induced in API X100 steel by cold rolling method was characterised using two complementary techniques known as Neutron Diffraction (ND) and Incremental Hole Drilling (IHD). The RS distribution shows good agreement for both techniques used but reproducibility of them depends on their own inaccuracies. An Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) was performed based in Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) approach using all the experimental data obtained by a leak-before-break method under three operational pressures. The results showed the effect on the integrity of material under the presence of a flaw length assessed. Overall, the thesis presents a combined engineering critical assessment which involved the examination of materials used to transport flue-gas and established a methodology to determine fracture toughness alongside with the FAD to assess the integrity of pipelines

Tanztheater, Pina Bausch and the ongoing influence of her legacy

Pina Bausch y ThanztheaterWuppertal han sido fundamentales en la difusión internacional del Tanztheater/Danza-Teatro, como un nuevo e independiente genero de danza, con evidente y substancial impacto en el actual escenario de la danza contemporánea. Para remarcar dicha importancia, señalo en primer lugar, el recorrido de la danza contemporánea en Alemania, desde Rudolf Laban y el movimiento de danza expresiva alemana de los años 1920; hasta las creaciones de KurtJoos, y finalizo con la creación de TanztheaterWuppertal en 1973. A continuación, presento la vida y obra de Bausch, para revelar lo esencial y las características primordiales de su estilo. Concluyo con la notoria influencia ininterrumpida de su legado, señalando una de las piezas finalistas del concurso de coreógrafos The Place Prize, que tuvo lugar en Londres en el año2013.; Pina Bausch and the Tanztheater Wuppertal have been fundamental in the international establishment of Tanztheater as a new and independent dance genre, and their impact is evident and vibrant in the current contemporary dance scene. To support this statement I will first unfold the history of modern dance in Germany, from Rudolf Laban and the German expressive dance movement of the 1920’s, to the creations of Kurt Jooss and finally the formation of Tanztheater Wuppertal in 1973. I will then study Bausch’s life and work, and reveal the essential and unique characteristics of her style, to ultimately prove the ongoing influence of her legacy, looking at one of the final pieces of the 2013 London based choreographic competition The Place Prize

A Programming Language for Data Privacy with Accuracy Estimations

Differential privacy offers a formal framework for reasoning about the privacy and accuracy of computations on private data. It also offers a rich set of building blocks for constructing private data analyses. When carefully calibrated, these analyses simultaneously guarantee the privacy of the individuals contributing their data, and the accuracy of the data analyses results, inferring useful properties about the population. The compositional nature of differential privacy has motivated the design and implementation of several programming languages aimed at helping a data analyst in programming differentially private analyses. However, most of the programming languages for differential privacy proposed so far provide support for reasoning about privacy but not for reasoning about the accuracy of data analyses. To overcome this limitation, in this work we present DPella, a programming framework providing data analysts with support for reasoning about privacy, accuracy, and trade-offs. The distinguishing feature of DPella is a novel component that statically tracks the accuracy of different data analyses. In order to make tighter accuracy estimations, this component leverages taint analysis for automatically inferring statistical independence of the different noise quantities added for guaranteeing privacy. We evaluate our approach by implementing several classical queries from the literature and showing how data analysts can figure out the best manner to calibrate privacy to meet the accuracy requirements

Language-Based Differential Privacy with Accuracy Estimations and Sensitivity Analyses

This thesis focuses on the development of programming frameworks to enforce, by construction, desirable properties of software systems. Particularly, we are interested in enforcing differential privacy -- a mathematical notion of data privacy -- while statically reasoning about the accuracy of computations, along with deriving the sensitivity of arbitrary functions to further strengthen the expressiveness of these systems. To this end, we first introduce DPella, a programming framework for differentially-private queries that allows reasoning about the privacy and accuracy of data analyses. DPella provides a novel component that statically tracks the accuracy of different queries. This component leverages taint analysis to infer statistical independence of the different noises that were added to ensure the privacy of the overall computation. As a result, DPella allows analysts to implement privacy-preserving queries and adjust the privacy parameters to meet accuracy targets or vice-versa.In the context of differentially-private systems, the sensitivity of a function determines the amount of noise needed to achieve a desired level of privacy. However, establishing the sensitivity of arbitrary functions is non-trivial. Consequently, systems such as DPella provided a limited set of functions -- whose sensitivity is known -- to apply over sensitive data, thus hindering the expressiveness of the language. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach to derive proofs of sensitivity in programming languages with support for polymorphism. Our approach enriches base types with information about the metric relation between values and applies parametricity to derive proof of a function\u27s sensitivity. These ideas are formalized in a sound calculus and implemented as a Haskell library called Spar, enabling programmers to prove the sensitivity of their functions through type-checking alone.Overall, this thesis contributes to the development of expressive programming frameworks for data analysis with privacy and accuracy guarantees. The proposed approaches are feasible and effective, as demonstrated through the implementation of DPella and Spar