Directe en indirecte werknemersparticipatie in Europa

Contains fulltext : 162920.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)In dit onderzoek bestuderen we de verschijningsvormen van directe en indirecte werknemersparticipatie in de Europese Unie. De onderzoeksvragen luiden: (1) welke vormen van directe en indirecte werknemersparticipatie kunnen onderscheiden worden?, (2) in hoeverre gaan deze vormen van indirecte en directe werknemersparticipatie samen binnen organisaties?, en (3) in hoeverre hangen vormen van (in)directe werknemersparticipatie samen met (a) werknemerswelzijn en (b) (economische) prestaties van de organisatie? Gebruikmakend van de ECS-2013 analyseren we 24.251 bedrijven in de 28 EU-lidstaten. Op basis van latente klassen analyse onderscheiden we vier typen indirecte werknemersparticipatie en vijf typen directe werknemersparticipatie, die zich onderscheiden in de mate waarin deze participatie wordt gefaciliteerd. We vinden weinig ondersteuning voor de hypothese dat directe werknemersparticipatie ingezet wordt om indirecte participatie te vervangen: de combinatie van uitgebreide directe en indirecte participatie blijkt het meest gangbaar. Uit de multilevel analyses blijkt dat uitgebreidere vormen van directe en indirecte participatie samengaan met positieve uitkomsten voor de organisatie (bedrijfsprestaties) en haar werknemers (werknemerswelzijn)

Working time patterns for sustainable work

Working time is a recurrent topic of study because the nature of work, its content, the conditions under which it is performed and the labour market itself keep changing. This report provides an overview of the recent evolution of working time duration and organisation in the EU and highlights the most important trends and differences between Member States. Through an in-depth analysis of data from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015, it examines– from a gender and life course perspective –the links between working time patterns, work–life balance and working time preferences, on the one hand, and workers’ health and well-being on the other. Finally, the report explores the extent to which prevailing working conditions and working time patterns in EU Member States are sustainable in the long term

Psychosocial work exposures among European employees: explanations for occupational inequalities in mental health

International audienceBACKGROUND: Social inequalities in mental health have been demonstrated but understanding the mechanisms remains unclear. This study aims at exploring the role of psychosocial work factors in explaining occupational inequalities in mental health among European employees.METHODS: The study sample covered 33,443 employees coming from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010. Mental health was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index and socioeconomic position by occupation. Twenty-five psychosocial work factors were constructed including job demands, job influence and development, role stressors, social support, quality of leadership, discrimination, violence at work, working hours, job promotion, job insecurity and work-life imbalance. Multilevel linear regressions and bootstrap analyses were performed.RESULTS: Occupational differences were observed for poor mental health and almost all psychosocial work factors. Factors related to job demands, influence and development at work, social relationships and leadership, working hours and other factors contributed to explain the occupational inequalities in mental health. In particular, factors related to influence and development contributed substantially. Among men, workplace violences were found to contribute little whereas among women these factors did not play a role.CONCLUSIONS: Future prevention interventions should have a broad and comprehensive focus in order to reduce social inequalities in mental health

Exposure to psychosocial work factors in 31 European countries

International audienceAlthough psychosocial work factors are recognized as major occupational risk factors, little information is available regarding the prevalence of exposure to these factors and the differences in exposure between countries.To explore the differences in various psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries.The study was based on a sample of 14 881 male and 14 799 female workers from the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey. Eighteen psychosocial work factors were studied: low decision latitude (skill discretion and decision authority), high psychological demands, job strain, low social support, iso-strain, physical violence, sexual harassment, bullying, discrimination, work-family imbalance, long working hours, high effort, job insecurity, low job promotion, low reward and effort-reward imbalance. Covariates were age, number of workers in household, occupation, economic activity, self-employed/employee, public/private sector and part/full time work. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression analysis.Significant differences in all psychosocial work factors were observed between countries. The rank of the countries varied according to the exposure considered. However, some countries, especially Denmark, Netherlands and Norway, displayed a significantly lower prevalence of exposure to four factors or more, while some Southern and Eastern countries, especially Czech Republic, Greece, Lithuania and Turkey, had a higher prevalence.Differences in psychosocial work exposures were found between countries. This study is the first to compare a large set of psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries. These findings may be useful to guide prevention policies at European level

Psychosocial work factors and sickness absence in 31 countries in Europe

International audienceBackground: The studies on the associations between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence have rarely included a large number of factors and European data. The objective was to examine the associations between a large set of psychosocial work factors following well-known and emergent concepts and sickness absence in Europe. Methods: The study population consisted of 14 881 male and 14 799 female workers in 31 countries from the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey. Psychosocial work factors included the following: decision latitude, psychological demands, social support, physical violence, sexual harassment, discrimination, bullying, long working hours, shift and night work, job insecurity, job promotion and work-life imbalance. Covariates were as follows: age, occupation, economic activity, employee/self-employed status and physical, chemical, biological and biomechanical exposures. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel negative binomial hurdle models to study the occurrence and duration of sickness absence. Results: In the models, including all psychosocial work factors together and adjustment for covariates, high psychological demands, discrimination, bullying, low-job promotion and work-life imbalance for both genders and physical violence for women were observed as risk factors of the occurrence of sickness absence. Bullying and shift work increased the duration of absence among women. Bullying had the strongest association with sickness absence. Conclusion: Various psychosocial work factors were found to be associated with sickness absence. A less conservative analysis exploring each factor separately provided a still higher number of risk factors. Preventive measures should take psychosocial work environment more comprehensively into account to reduce sickness absence and improve health at work at European level

Fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work exposures in 31 countries in Europe

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Response to the letter to the editor by Latza et al.: Indirect evaluation of attributable fractions for psychosocial work exposures: a difficult research area

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Contribution of material, occupational, and psychosocial factors in the explanation of social inequalities in health in 28 countries in Europe.

International audienceOBJECTIVES: To analyse the associations between socio-economic status (SES), measured using occupation, and self-reported health, and to examine the contribution of various material, occupational and psychosocial factors to social inequalities in health in Europe. METHODS: This study was based on data from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) carried out in 2003. The total sample consisted of 6038 and 6383 working men and women in 28 countries in Europe (response rates: 30.3-91.2%). Each set of potential material, occupational and psychosocial mediators included between eight and 11 variables. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant social differences were observed for self-reported health, manual workers being more likely to be in poor health (OR=1.89, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.46 for men, OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.77 for women). Strong social gradients were found for almost all potential mediating factors, and almost all displayed significant associations with self-reported health. Social differences in health were substantially reduced after adjustment for material, occupational and psychosocial factors, with material factors playing a major role. The four strongest contributions to reducing these differences were found for material deprivation, social exclusion, financial problems and job reward. Taking all mediators into account led to an explanation of the social differences in health by 78-100% for men and women. CONCLUSION: The association between SES and poor health may be attributed to differential distributions of several dimensions of material, occupational and psychosocial conditions across occupational groups. Interventions targeting different dimensions might result in a reduction in social inequalities in health

Is Job Quality Becoming More Unequal?

The authors examine trends in nonwage aspects of job quality in Europe. They focus on both the level and the dispersion of job quality. Theories differ in their predictions for these trends and for whether national patterns will converge. Data from the Fifth European Working Conditions Survey are used, in conjunction with earlier waves, to construct four indices of nonwage job quality: Work Quality, Work Intensity, Good Physical Environment, and Working Time Quality. Jobs are tracked from 1995 to 2010, across and within 15 European Union countries. The social corporatist countries had the highest Work Quality and lowest dispersion for all four indices. Work Quality and Work Intensity each rose in several countries, and Working Time Quality rose in most. The dispersion of Working Time Quality, Work Intensity, and Good Physical Environment each fell in many countries, and there was little sign of national divergence