Early cinephilia. Reflections starting on María Wiesse´s and León Klimovsky's columns

Indexación: Revista UNAB.Este texto explora los orígenes de la crítica de cine latinoamericana, rastreando hitos y luego, analizando dos columnas de cine publicadas a fines de la década del veinte. En primer lugar, se revisa la columna “Cinema. Notas sobre algunos films” firmada por la escritora peruana María Wiesse y difundida enla revista Amauta entre octubre de 1928 y octubre de 1929. En segundo lugar, se analiza “Cinedramas”, columna del director de cine argentino León Klimovsky que fue publicada en la revista Claridad entre julio de 1927 hasta fines de 1928. En ambos casos, se propone que la crítica de cine, les permite no solo comentar películas específicas, sino también, pensar el cine como fenómeno estético, social y político.This essay explores the origins of latinamerica’s film critic, tracing landmarks and then, analyzing two cinema columns of the late twenties. First, the column “Cinema. Notes on some films” signed by the Peruvian writer Maria Wiesse and published in Amauta magazine between October 1928 and October 1929. Secondly, we analyze a column called “Cinedramas”, written by the Argentinian film director León Klimovsky, published at Claridad magazine between July 1927 and late 1928. In both cases, we propose that film criticism allows them not only to comment on specific films, but also to think of cinema as an aesthetic, social and political phenomenon.http://revistahumanidades.unab.cl//wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Art.-Dossier.-Cinefilia-temprana.-Vergara.pd

Race/ethnicity and the risk of childhood leukaemia: a case-control study in California.

BackgroundWe conducted a large registry-based study in California to investigate the association between race/ethnicity and childhood leukaemia focusing on two subtypes: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).MethodsWe obtained information on 5788 cases and 5788 controls by linking California cancer and birth registries. We evaluated relative risk of childhood leukaemia by race and ethnicity of the child and their parents using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsCompared with Whites, Black children had lower risk of ALL (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.66) as well as children of Black/Asian parents (OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.94). Asian race was associated with increased risk of AML with OR=1.643, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.46 for Asian vs Whites; and OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.70 for Asian/Asian vs White/White. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased risk of ALL (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.52). A gradient in risk of ALL was observed while comparing Hispanic children with both parents Hispanic, one parent Hispanic and non-Hispanic children (p Value for trend <0.0001). The highest risk of ALL was observed for children with a combination of Hispanic ethnicity and White race compared with non-Hispanic whites (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.44). The lowest risk was observed for non-Hispanic blacks (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.60). Associations for total childhood leukaemia were similar to ALL.ConclusionsOur results confirm that there are ethnic and racial differences in the incidence of childhood leukaemia. These differences indicate that some genetic and/or environmental/cultural factors are involved in aetiology of childhood leukaemia

Estimating magnetic fields of homes near transmission lines in the California Power Line Study.

The California Power Line Study is a case-control study investigating the relation between residences near transmission lines and risk of childhood leukemia. It includes 5788 childhood leukemia cases and 5788 matched primary controls born between 1986 and 2007. We describe the methodology for estimating magnetic fields at study residences as well as for characterizing sources of uncertainty in these estimates. Birth residences of study subjects were geocoded and their distances to transmission lines were ascertained. 302 residences were deemed sufficiently close to transmission lines to have non-zero magnetic fields attributable to the lines. These residences were visited and detailed data, describing the physical configuration and dimensions of the lines contributing to the magnetic field at the residence, were collected. Phasing, loading, and directional load flow data for years of birth and diagnosis for each subject as well as for the day of site visit were obtained from utilities when available; when yearly average load for a particular year was not available, extrapolated values based on expert knowledge and prediction models were obtained. These data were used to estimate the magnetic fields at the center, closest and farthest point of each residence. We found good correlation between calculated fields and spot measurements of fields taken on site during visits. Our modeling strategies yielded similar calculated field estimates, and they were in high agreement with utility extrapolations. Phasing was known for over 90% of the lines. Important sources of uncertainty included a lack of information on the precise location of residences located within apartment buildings or other complexes. Our findings suggest that we were able to achieve high specificity in exposure assessment, which is essential for examining the association between distance to or magnetic fields from power lines and childhood leukemia risk

Apoyo emocional de enfermería para pacientes ingresados a unidades de cuidados intensivos

Desde los años 70, en las unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI) se realiza asistencia al paciente en estado crítico. Los pacientes son hombres ó mujeres, jóvenes, adultos y ancianos, con distintas enfermedades ó eventos, que por su condición, requieren de un manejo especializado con el apoyo de personal y equipo técnico que ofrezca una monitorización, cuidado y terapéutica oportuna y efectiva.Especialista en Cuidado CríticoEspecializació

El modo de ser aristocrático. El caso de la oligarquía chilena hacia 1900

Detailed description of the lifestyle of groups of high Chilean society in the late 19th and early 20th century, and its social and political rol

Characterization of the exposure due to smart-home devices and other residential RF sources

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Emissions from smart meters and other residential radiofrequency sources

The advent of the Internet of things comes with a huge increase in wirelessly communicating devices in our environment. For example, smart energy-consumption meters are being widely deployed in residences from which they communicate their state using radiofrequency networks. Accurate characterization of the radiofrequency emissions from emerging residential wireless solutions is important to inform the public about the potential impact on their exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. A new measurement procedure to determine the exposure from residential radiofrequency devices is proposed by assessing the peak emitted fields at various distances and the proportion of time they transmit (duty cycle). Radiofrequency emissions from 55 residential devices were measured in 10 residences (Belgium and France) and compared to environmental levels, emissions from 41 mobile phones, and international standards. Overall, residential levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure are low. In addition to the continuous environmental exposure, wireless access points (due to frequent use) and especially mobile phones and other personal communication devices (due to their use close to the body) continue to represent the bulk of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in the smart home. However, some residential devices can significantly increase the exposure if their duty cycles are high enough (>10%), especially when held or used close to the body. Individual smart meters, on the other hand, will contribute only little in general, despite emissions of up to 20 V m(-1) at 50 cm, due to their low duty cycles (maximum 1%) and locations

Spatial and temporal assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by smart meters and smart meter banks in urban environments

This paper describes radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements in the vicinity of single and banks of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) smart meters. The measurements were performed in a meter testing and distribution facility as well as in-situ at five urban locations. The measurements consisted of gauging the RF environment at the place of assessment, evaluating the worst-case electric-field levels at various positions around the assessed AMI meter configuration (spatial assessment), which ranged from a single meter to a bank of 81 m, and calculating the duty cycle of the system, i.e. the fraction of time that the AMI meters were actually transmitting (12-h temporal assessment). Both in-situ and in the meter facility, the maximum field levels at 0.3 m from the meter configurations were 10-13 V/m for a single meter and 18-38 V/m for meter banks with 20-81 m. Furthermore, 6-min average duty cycles of 0.01% (1 m) up to 13% (81-m bank) were observed. Next, two general statistical models (one for a single meter and one for a meter bank) were constructed to predict the electric-field strength as a function of distance to any configuration of the assessed AMI meters. For all scenarios, the measured exposure levels (at a minimum distance of 0.3 m) were well below the maximum permissible exposure limits issued by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Indeed, the worst-case time-average exposure level at a distance of 0.3 m from an AMI installation was 5.39% of the FCC/IEEE and 9.43% of the ICNIRP reference levels

La Práctica A/R/Tográfica como experiencia creativa desarrollada por mujeres sin formación previa en Artes y en Docencia

The A / R / Tographic task is understood as an inquiry that promotes the doing of artistic practices and processes configured from the trilogy: Artist (Artist), Researcher (Researcher) and Teacher (Teacher) represented in the same person. Given this conformation, the following article addresses a research based on the development of creativity from the A / R / Tographic, promoted in adult women with no previous training in the arts or teaching. The study consisted of the participation of a first group of women initiators in the role of A / R / Tographers who experienced and transmitted to a second group of continuing women, explorations drawn from their own daily lives linked to the concept of creativity. For this, the research carried out was raised from a qualitative approach, describing and interpreting, through micro-ethnographies resulting from interviews and daily records produced by the participating women, the correspondences between creative action and the transfer of textual and visual experiences. Finally, the collaborating artists-teachers confirmed through their perceptions, the importance of the A / R / Tographic practice not as an isolated method and alien to the suitability of the female participants, but rather by defining the analysis based on the recognition of capacities constitutive of the human being, fostered and explored from the actions and meanings given to the experience by the collaborating women themselves.La tarea A/R/Tográfica se comprende como una indagación que promueve el hacer de prácticas y procesos artísticos configurados desde la trilogía: Artista (Artist), Investigador/a (Researcher) y Profesor/a (Teacher). Dada esta conformación, el siguiente artículo aborda una investigación basada en el desarrollo de la creatividad desde la perspectiva A/R/Tográfica, impulsada en mujeres adultas sin formación previa en artes ni en docencia. El estudio consistió en la participación de un primer grupo de mujeres iniciadoras en el rol de A/R/Tógrafas que vivenciaron y transmitieron a un segundo grupo de mujeres continuadoras, las exploraciones extraídas desde su propia cotidianeidad vinculadas al concepto de creatividad. Para ello, la investigación realizada se planteó desde un enfoque cualitativo, describiendo e interpretando mediante micro etnografías resultantes de entrevistas y registros diarios producidos por las mujeres participantes, las correspondencias entre la acción creadora y la transferencia de experiencias textuales y visuales. Finalmente las artistas-docentes colaboradoras, constataron a través de sus percepciones, la importancia de la práctica A/R/Tográfica no como un método aislado y ajeno a la idoneidad de las mujeres partícipes, sino definiendo el análisis a partir del reconocimiento de las capacidades constitutivas del ser humano, fomentadas y exploradas desde el accionar y los sentidos otorgados a la experiencia por las mismas mujeres colaboradoras.La tâche A/R/Tographique est comprise comme une enquête qui favorise la réalisation de pratiques et de processus artistiques configurés à partir de la trilogie : Artiste (Artiste), Chercheur (Chercheur) et Enseignant (Enseignant). Compte tenu de cette conformation, l'article suivant aborde une enquête basée sur le développement de la créativité du point de vue A/R/Tographique, promue chez les femmes adultes sans formation préalable dans les arts ou dans l'enseignement. L'étude a consisté en la participation d'un premier groupe de femmes initiatrices dans le rôle d'A/R/Tographes qui ont expérimenté et transmis à un deuxième groupe de femmes continues, les explorations extraites de leur propre quotidien liées au concept de créativité. Pour cela, les recherches menées ont été soulevées à partir d'une approche qualitative, décrivant et interprétant, à travers des micro-ethnographies issues d'entretiens et de relevés quotidiens réalisés par les femmes participantes, les correspondances entre action créative et transfert d'expériences textuelles et visuelles. Enfin, les enseignantes-artistes collaboratrices ont confirmé, à travers leurs perceptions, l'importance de la pratique A/R/Tographique non pas comme méthode isolée et étrangère à l'adéquation des participantes, mais plutôt en définissant l'analyse basée sur la reconnaissance des capacités constitutif de l'être humain, nourri et exploré à partir des actions et des significations données à l'expérience par les femmes collaboratrices elles-mêmes