The Impact of Rural Roads

This article is a product of a nine-month training and application program implemented by the micro component of the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WID) and the Food Systems Program of the East-West Center Resource Systems Institute (RSI). It compares and analyzes the socioeconomic status of the population within the influence areas of the experimental and control group before and after the rural road construction. In particular, it conducts an impact assessment of rural road construction on the income level of the population.infrastructure, rural sector, impact analysis, road

The Impact of Rural Roads

This article is a product of a nine-month training and application program implemented by the micro component of the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WID) and the Food Systems Program of the East-West Center Resource Systems Institute (RSI). It compares and analyzes the socioeconomic status of the population within the influence areas of the experimental and control group before and after the rural road construction. In particular, it conducts an impact assessment of rural road construction on the income level of the population.infrastructure, rural sector, impact analysis, road

3x3 Multibeam Network for a Triangular Array of Three Radiating Elements

A multibeam antenna study based on Butler network will be undertaken in this document. These antenna designs combines phase shift systems with multibeam networks to optimize multiple channel systems. The system will work at 1.7 GHz with circular polarization. Specifically, result simulations and measurements of 3 element triangular subarray will be shown. A 45 element triangular array will be formed by the subarrays. Using triangular subarrays, side lobes and crossing points are reduced

Desarrollo tecnológico y desigualdades socioculturales en educación

En este artículo se plantean el papel y los mecanismos soportados en los productos del desarrollo tecnológico que contribuyen al aumento o perpetuación de las desigualdades entre grupos y sociedades humanas. En este sentido, se profundiza en los argumentos que sustentan la tesis de que las desigualdades socioculturales se afrontan cuando se ofrecen oportunidades equivalentes de desarrollo humano, y esto se hace realidad generando situaciones de enseñanza orientadas a la narración de historias con lenguajes audiovisuales, que sólo es posible, cuando disponemos y usamos productos y herramientas del desarrollo tecnológico cuya función básica es producir, no reproducir

From globalisation to upgrading value in the productive chain in specialised agglomerations: Is local space still important? Evidence From Mexico

At the end of the century the world has seen important changes in production and distribution systems challenging competence of national economies. Increasing flows of capital and trade among countries, combined with important developments in telecommunications, have pushed towards new re-arrangements of the industrial production around the world. In this way, processes of globalisation are considered to shape productive systems and the localisation of different industrial sectors around the world (OECD, 1996). These processes have meant increasing competition for firms in national and international markets. In this way, both developed and LDCs are urged to increase competitiveness in order to increase employment, production and growth under a context of globalisation. The region has becoming highlighted as an important player in both, as an important source of competitiveness for localised firms and in the reallocation of economic activity. Agglomeration economies and innovation are considered the most important forces in agglomeration leading to increasing competitiveness and to improving living conditions for people living in such regions. Throughout the literature on industrial agglomerations, important theoretical prepositions have been drawn from the analysis of industrial regions localised mainly in European and North American cases. However, in the case of less developed countries (LDCs), fewer analysis and implications considering the new context of globalisation have been carried out in this kind of countries that are now playing an important role in the reallocation of industrial production and in the process of globalisation characterising the global economy . The face of productive structure of LDCs has changed dramatically since the last decade; increasing competitiveness not only has been the result of national or internal adjustments but also to the reallocation of production from mainly developed countries. In this way, in addition to the national agglomerations already established, new productive regions have also been constituted after liberalisation in some LDCs. In this way, two main forms of producing are been carried out in LDCs. This research evaluates two types of agglomerations in Mexico, with the idea of testing to what extent agglomerations with export-oriented market are more integrated into global production systems and hence, with better performance than those agglomerations producing for the domestic market. In this way, it is suggested that in the case of traditional sectors, export-oriented agglomerations are becoming more integrated and retain more value within the global value chain. The research is based in an empirical research. Four agglomerations are analysed: 2 export-oriented agglomerations and, 2 national-oriented market agglomerations. This enquiry is based on a survey of 180 firms, interviews to key entrepreneurs, national and local representatives, as well as using official statistics.

Drosophila Chromosomal Polymorphism: From Population Aspects to Origin Mechanisms of Inversions

High rates of chromosomal rearrangements are remarkably abundant in Drosophila Fallén, 1832 (Insecta, Diptera) genus, highlighting the paracentric inversions. Since different species of this genus are paradigms for genetics, evolutionary, and population studies, polymorphism analyses for chromosomal inversions have provided basic knowledge for beautiful biological questions. Chromosomal inversions suppress meiotic recombination and thus, natural selection can act to preserve favorable gene complexes. Analyses of natural and laboratory populations show that these polymorphisms provide adaptive advantages to their carriers in relation to diverse factors, such as niche exploration and climatic factors. In addition, due to their monophyletic origin, they also serve as genetic markers for the construction of unrooted phylogenies. With the increasing domain of molecular techniques and genome sequencing, factors such as the reuse of breakpoints by different inversions and the mechanisms that give rise to these polymorphisms have been exploited with scientific refinement. These analyses show the presence of regions that are hot spots for breakpoints, fitting the fragile breakage chromosomal evolution model, as well as the involvement of transposition elements at the origin of chromosomal inversions

Apresentação – Diálogos sobre distintas formas de privatização: caminhadas de pesquisa sobre o tema

O texto apresenta conceitos que fundamentam as pesquisas desenvolvidas pelas autoras e organizadoras do dossiê, ambas integrantes de grupos de pesquisa interinstitucionais dedicados ao estudo dos processos de privatização no campo educacional. Os conceitos de privatização, democratização e a relação entre os processos de privatização e os movimentos que ocorrem nas redefinições do papel do Estado no período particular do capitalismo em que acontecem os estudos constituem o núcleo central do texto. E, ainda, as categorizações que os grupos foram desenvolvendo conforme analisavam os distintos processos de privatização do público no Brasil. Os percursos de pesquisa das organizadoras em seus respectivos grupos, processo por meio do qual os conceitos em destaque foram sendo construídos e apropriados por todos os pesquisadores de ambos os coletivos, também são brevemente anunciados, uma vez que a trajetória justifica a organização do dossiê, orientado pela afirmação da necessidade de aprofundamento nas interlocuções entre pesquisadores da América Latina, região marcada por intensas e históricas lutas pela constituição de Estados Democráticos, mas também por retrocessos e avanços do capital sobre o bem público. Encerrase o texto com uma breve apresentação dos artigos que compõem o dossiê

Un modelo de sistema dinámico híbrido utilizando el enfoque de la lógica difusa

Se presenta un modelo de sistema dinámico híbrido utilizando la lógica difusa. Para lograr esto se hace una breve descripción de los principales enfoques que se tienen en la actualidad de los sistemas dinámicos híbridos desarrollando las ecuaciones básicas de los bloques que conforman el modelo. Actualmente la teoría del control se ha centrado en el estudio por separado de la dinámica continua y la dinámica discreta; sin embargo, es necesario introducir el estudio de la combinación de ambos en un solo tratado. En el ámbito industrial los procesos son dinámicos y toda su estructura de control está basada en la teoría de la lógica digital. Sin embargo existe el paradigma de la lógica difusa, la cual se introduce en este artículo para proponer un nuevo enfoque. Cabe mencionar que para validar el modelo se utilizan herramientas computacionales de simulación de sistemas dinámicos