Nota Editorial

Research and dissemination are central elements of science, the central objective of dissemination is to communicate scientific knowledge, using various means. Nothing is more valuable in science than communicating the research process, but above all the results, which will be the spearhead for continuous research and innovation from all aspects of science. The “Boletín el Conuco” Magazine is a fundamental tool for the dissemination and/or dissemination of science, in its different chapters it has published information that is and has been very important for the knowledge society; as well as for end users in favor of an adequate technology transfer exercise.La investigación y divulgación son elementos centrales de la ciencia, el objetivo central de la divulgación es comunicar el conocimiento científico, utilizando diversos medios. Nada es más valioso en la ciencia que comunicar el proceso de las investigaciones, pero sobre todo los resultados, que serán punta de lanza para la investigación continua y la innovación desde todos los aspectos de la ciencia.La Revista “Boletín el Conuco”, es una herramienta fundamental de difusión y/o divulgación de la ciencia, en sus diferentes capítulos ha publicado información que es y ha sido muy importante para la sociedad del conocimiento; así como para los usuarios finales en pro de un ejercicio de transferencia de tecnología adecuado

Efecto de la resolución espacial de modelos digitales de elevación en la simulación de derrames de hidrocarburos

Simulations of hydrocarbon spills on the surface of the land are useful in environmental impact studies and pipeline integrity management. The identification and assessment of impacts caused by these events requires the simulation in geographic information systems software. The input data for these simulations are fluid properties and terrain characteristics. The relief is generally represented by digital elevation models in raster data format of different pixel sizes. In this study, we analyze the effect of the spatial resolution of digital elevation models on the simulation of areas affected by hydrocarbon spills. We propose an algorithm implemented in GRASS GIS free software and then apply it to an area with cartography at different scales. The simulation was performed for a mountainous zone in the central zone of Colombia, assuming a pipeline of 12 inches of diameter. The analysis of the spatial resolution effects required the comparison of the maximum length, area and curvature of the terrain for the affected area. The results show that the affected extension is larger for pixel sizes of 15 and 30 meters. In addition, the loss of detail of the features of the relief for resolutions of 15 and 30 meters can significantly modify both the affected area and the maximum reach and direction of the spill.Las simulaciones de derrames de hidrocarburos sobre la superficie del terreno son útiles en estudios de impacto ambiental y de gestión de integridad de ductos. Para identificar y valorar los impactos causados por estos eventos, se han implementado simulaciones en programas de sistemas de información geográfica, considerando como datos de entrada las propiedades del fluido y las características del terreno. El relieve es generalmente representado mediante modelos digitales de elevación en formato de datos raster de diferentes tamaños de pixel. En este estudio se analizó el efecto de la resolución espacial de modelos digitales de elevación sobre la simulación de áreas afectadas por derrames de hidrocarburos. Se planteó un algoritmo implementado en el software libre GRASS GIS y luego se aplicó a una zona con cartografía base a diferentes escalas. La simulación se realizó para una zona montañosa en la zona central de Colombia suponiendo el trazado de un poliducto de 12 pulgadas de diámetro. Los efectos de la resolución espacial se analizaron mediante la comparación de la longitud máxima, el área y la curvatura del terreno para la zona afectada. Los resultados muestran que la extensión afectada es mayor para tamaños de pixel de 15 y 30 metros. Además, que la perdida de detalle de las características del relieve para resoluciones de 15 y 30 metros puede modificar de manera significativa tanto el área afectada, como el alcance máximo y dirección del derrame

Sinorhizobium fredii Strains HH103 and NGR234 Form Nitrogen Fixing Nodules With Diverse Wild Soybeans (Glycine soja) From Central China but Are Ineffective on Northern China Accessions

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH103 with wild soybeans from Central China was clearly better than with the accessions found elsewhere. S. fredii NGR234, the rhizobial strain showing the broadest host range ever described, also formed nitrogen-fixing nodules with different G. soja accessions from Central China. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an effective symbiosis between S. fredii NGR234 and G. soja. Mobilization of the S. fredii HH103 symbiotic plasmid to a NGR234 pSym-cured derivative (strain NGR234C) yielded transconjugants that formed ineffective nodules with G. max cv. Williams 82 and G. soja accession CH4. By contrast, transfer of the symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a to a pSym-cured derivative of S. fredii USDA193 generated transconjugants that effectively nodulated G. soja accession CH4 but failed to nodulate with G. max cv. Williams 82. These results indicate that intra-specific transference of the S. fredii symbiotic plasmids generates new strains with unpredictable symbiotic properties, probably due to the occurrence of new combinations of symbiotic signals.España, Junta de Andalucía P11-CVI-7500España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2016-78409-

Análisis espacial y modelos cartográficos : metodología implementada en ArcGIS para planificación minera

Spa: En este libro se presenta el uso de datos e información espacial a través de sistemas informáticos, aspecto que se ha convertido en una actividad cotidiana para la solución de problemáticas territoriales.  Ses estudian también la recolección, el procesamiento, la administración y el análisis de la información geográfica, actividades que facilitan tomar la decisión más adecuada sobre la superficie terrestre.  Las ciencias y tecnologías que permiten realizar estos procesos sobre los datos espaciales han evolucionado de la manera de los avances de las ciencias de la informática, por eso el objetivo de este libro es divulgar el procedimiento para la aplicación de los SADE y los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) e incentivar el uso de estas herramientas en diferentes problemáticas de índole territorial.Primera edició

Economics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors : a systematic review

Despite current interest, enthusiasm and progress in the development of therapies for gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there are substantial gaps in the published literature regarding cost-of-illness analyses, economic evaluation and budget impact analyses. Compounding the issue is that data on resource utilization and cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for GEP-NETs are scarce. A systematic review on the economic impact of GEP-NETs was carried out using four databases: EMBASE, PubMed, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Cochrane review. Fully published articles from January 2000 to May 2017, in English and Spanish, were included. All articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review; summary descriptive statistics were used to describe the methodological characteristics. The 14 studies selected included cost-of-illness analyses (n = 4), economic evaluations (n = 7) and budget impact analyses (n = 3). Almost all studies were performed in the United States. Healthcare costs for patients with NETs included medication, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and check-ups/tests. Reducing adverse events is an area where cost savings could be achieved; however, there was not enough evidence on the cost impact of adverse events. There is a lack of data related to resource utilization in the field of GEP-NETs. Therefore, cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies of existing and emerging treatments are urgently needed to help the decision-making process for patients with NETs

Innovació i investigació docent per millorar l’enginy i la creativitat dels alumnes d’Enginyeria i Arquitectura

El nou marc de l’EEES i l’experiència docent en las àrees de l’Enginyeria i l’Arquitectura, indueix a pensar en la introducció de noves metodologies docents motivades per la necessitat d’adaptar, en la mesura del possible, els coneixements que l’alumne adquireix a la Universidad al món professional de les empreses. L’ensenyament a Enginyeria i Arquitectura, s’ha ha basat, tradicionalment, en l’aplicació de models matemàtics. Així, els exercicis plantejats als alumnes es redueixen, la majoria de vegades, a aplicar aquest models matemàtics. La realitat professional és ben diferent, l’arquitecte i/o enginyer no tindrà sovint temps de fer anàlisis tant detallats com els que realitzava com alumne; és per això que sembla aconsellable variar el model d’ensenyança / aprenentatge.Peer Reviewe

Utilización de la herramienta DIAGNOdent pen en las prácticas clínicas de la asignatura Patología y Terapeútica Dental (PTD) II y su analisis mediante Inteligencia Artificial (IA)

Depto. de Odontología Conservadora y PrótesisFac. de OdontologíaFALSEsubmitte

Sinorhizobium fredii Strains HH103 and NGR234 Form Nitrogen Fixing Nodules With Diverse Wild Soybeans (Glycine soja) From Central China but Are Ineffective on Northern China Accessions

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH103 with wild soybeans from Central China was clearly better than with the accessions found elsewhere. S. fredii NGR234, the rhizobial strain showing the broadest host range ever described, also formed nitrogen-fixing nodules with different G. soja accessions from Central China. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an effective symbiosis between S. fredii NGR234 and G. soja. Mobilization of the S. fredii HH103 symbiotic plasmid to a NGR234 pSym-cured derivative (strain NGR234C) yielded transconjugants that formed ineffective nodules with G. max cv. Williams 82 and G. soja accession CH4. By contrast, transfer of the symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a to a pSym-cured derivative of S. fredii USDA193 generated transconjugants that effectively nodulated G. soja accession CH4 but failed to nodulate with G. max cv. Williams 82. These results indicate that intra-specific transference of the S. fredii symbiotic plasmids generates new strains with unpredictable symbiotic properties, probably due to the occurrence of new combinations of symbiotic signals

Increased risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease independent of classic metabolic risk factors

ackground & Aims There is conflicting evidence regarding the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to determine MAFLD prevalence and risk factors in IBD patients. Methods Cross-sectional, case-control study included all consecutive IBD patients treated at 2 different university hospitals. Controls were subjects randomly selected from the general population and matched by age, sex, type 2 diabetes status, and body mass index in a 1:2 ratio. MAFLD was confirmed by controlled attenuation parameter. Liver biopsies were collected when MAFLD with significant liver fibrosis was suspected. In addition, age- and fibrosis stage-paired non-IBD patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD served as a secondary control group. Results Eight hundred thirty-one IBD patients and 1718 controls were included. The prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (transient elastography ≥9.7 kPa) was 42.00% and 9.50%, respectively, in IBD patients and 32.77% and 2.31%, respectively, in the general population (P < .001). A diagnosis of IBD was an independent predictor of MAFLD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.99; P < .001) and an independent risk factor for advanced liver fibrosis (adjusted odds ratio, 5.55; P < .001). Liver biopsies were obtained from 40 IBD patients; MAFLD was confirmed in all cases, and fibrosis of any degree was confirmed in 25 of 40 cases (62.5%). Body mass index and type 2 diabetes prevalence were significantly lower in IBD-MAFLD patients than in severity-paired patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD. Conclusions MAFLD and liver fibrosis are particularly prevalent in IBD patients, regardless of the influence of classic metabolic risk factors.Acknowledgements: The authors report funding support from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER Grant (FIS - PI18/01304) related to this manuscript