Språklig bevissthet i praksis

Sammendrag på engels

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Hepatic alterations are accompanied by changes to bile acid transporter-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus after traumatic brain injury

Annually, there are over 2 million incidents of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and treatment options are non-existent. While many TBI studies have focused on the brain, peripheral contributions involving the digestive and immune systems are emerging as factors involved in the various symptomology associated with TBI. We hypothesized that TBI would alter hepatic function, including bile acid system machinery in the liver and brain. The results show activation of the hepatic acute phase response by 2 hours after TBI, hepatic inflammation by 6 hours after TBI and a decrease in hepatic transcription factors, Gli 1, Gli 2, Gli 3 at 2 and 24 hrs after TBI. Bile acid receptors and transporters were decreased as early as 2 hrs after TBI until at least 24 hrs after TBI. Quantification of bile acid transporter, ASBT-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, revealed a significant decrease following TBI. These results are the first to show such changes following a TBI, and are compatible with previous studies of the bile acid system in stroke models. The data support the emerging idea of a systemic influence to neurological disorders and point to the need for future studies to better define specific mechanisms of action

The relationship between manual coordination and mental health

Motor coordination impairments frequently co-occur with other developmental disorders and mental health problems in clinically referred populations. But does this reflect a broader dimensional relationship within the general population? A clearer understanding of this relationship might inform improvements in mental health service provision. However, ascertainment and referral bias means that there is limited value in conducting further research with clinically referred samples. We, therefore, conducted a cross-sectional population-based study investigating children’s manual coordination using an objective computerised test. These measures were related to teacher-completed responses on a behavioural screening questionnaire [the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. We sampled 298 children (4–11 years old; 136 males) recruited from the general population. Hierarchical (logistic and linear) regression modelling indicated significant categorical and continuous relationships between manual coordination and overall SDQ score (a dimensional measure of psychopathology). Even after controlling for gender and age, manual coordination explained 15 % of the variance in total SDQ score. This dropped to 9 % after exclusion of participants whose SDQ responses indicated potential mental health problems. These results: (1) indicate that there is a clear relationship between children’s motor and mental health development in community-based samples; (2) demonstrate the relationship’s dimensional nature; and (3) have implications for service provision

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Physical Activity Promotion in Greek Preschools: The Gap Between Theory and Practice

Recent research evidence has revealed that Greek preschoolers’ physical activity (PA) levels are not satisfactory. Taking into account the amount of time spent daily in preschool settings as well as the finding that preschool appears to be a significant predictor of children’s PA, the aim of the present study is to provide an overview of the role of Greek preschool settings in children’s PA promotion. For that purpose, data regarding PA in Greek preschools are presented and the possible relevance of school characteristics to PA enhancement, namely the curriculum, school facilities and equipment, are critically discussed. Emphasis is also given to the need for the inclusion of developmentally appropriate physical education in the daily school schedule. Last but not least, the importance, of training not only the physical educators but also preschool teachers in promoting their students' PA is underscored. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Can motor proficiency in preschool age affect physical activity in adolescence?

Background: This study investigated if motor proficiency (MP) in preschool age associate with physical activity (PA) in adolescence. Methods: In 2004, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form (BOTMP-SF) (7) was administered to 413 children, aged 4-6 years, who were classified to MP groups according to their BOTMP-SF total score (TS). In 2014, the PA of 106 former participants (47 boys, 59 girls) was measured with Omron pedometers. MP [three (high; above average; average)] × gender (two) ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were computed on average of steps/week. Results: A significant interaction between the two factors was revealed (F = 15.27, p < .001, η2=.153), indicating that MP influenced male and female PA differently. Only in average MP group, males presented higher PA than females, whereas there were no differences between the two genders in the higher MP groups. Moreover, the only significant difference in PA among male groups was that between high and above average MP groups, while in females there were significant differences among all groups. Conclusion: High MP at preschool age positively associated with the PA in adolescence, especially in females. Emphasis on the development of proficient young movers might be beneficial for lifelong PA. © 2017 Human Kinetics, Inc

Construct and Concurrent Validity of the Democritos Movement Screening Tool for Preschoolers

Purpose: To examine the construct and concurrent validity of the Democritos Movement Screening Tool for Preschool Children (DEMOST-PRE). Methods: The DEMOST-PRE was administered to 435 Greek children, aged 48 to 71 months. Construct validity was investigated through correlations between total scores and individual item scores, and scores according to age and sex, whereas concurrent validity was checked by using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Long Form as the test-criterion on a subsample of 50 children. Results: Moderate to strong, significant correlations (r = 0.390-0.831; P <.001) supported the internal consistency of the test. Age displayed a significant effect on children's scores, whereas sex did not. Furthermore, the intra-rater class coefficient calculated for concurrent validity was found to be 0.80. Conclusions: On the basis of the aforementioned findings, the DEMOST-PRE has adequate psychometric properties for the Greek sample analyzed. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc

Motor Proficiency in Young Children: A Closer Look at Potential Gender Differences

This study aimed to examine motor proficiency in young children, focusing on potential gender differences. For that purpose, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency–Long Form (BOTMP-LF) was administered to 540 children (272 boys), 4½ to 6 years old. First, the 2 (sex) × 4 (age groups) ANOVA computed on children’s total BOTMP-LF scores showed that age had a statistically significant effect, whereas gender did not. Second, the one-way MANCOVA applied on subtest scores, with age as covariate, revealed statistical significant gender differences; however, η2 values were found to be small or moderate. Finally, the MANCOVA applied on items where significant gender differences have been reported showed a significant effect of gender. Nonetheless, η2 values exceeded the limit of practical significance only on two items (“standing on preferred leg on floor”, “throwing a ball at a target with preferred hand”) that are associated with gender-stereotyped activities. It can be concluded that (a) besides statistical significance, effect sizes should be examined for the results of a study to be adequately interpreted; (b) young boys’ and girls’ motor proficiency is similar rather than different. Gender differences in specific skills should be used for movement programs to be individualized. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016