Screening of Mutants in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) With Effect of DES and COH in M2 Generation

Cultivars developed using induced mutants may carry improvements in a wide variety of characteristics. Induced mutant cultivars also have proved to be outstanding parents for further cultivar development. The efficiency of induced mutations in increasing genetic variability has been demonstrated in several crops and a number of varieties have been evolved. In the present investigation, chlorophyll mutants chlorino, albino, xantha, variegata and viridis and morphological mutants such as, dwarf, tall, onostem, tiny leaves, hairy leaves, male sterility, brown seed, early maturity, long pod, bottom branching, top branching, trailing, spreading, and bushy type in M2 generation from both Diethyl sulphate (DES) and Colchicine (COH) treated populations. Mutants and mutant derivatives when used in cross breeding were found to be more productive in the development of improved varieties of black gram. Moreover, induced mutations have recently become the subject of molecular investigations leading to descriptions of the structure and function of related genes. Mutated genes have therefore; become valuable material to plant breeders and molecular biologists for understanding not only the function but also in isolating and shuffling the genes between varieties

Parallel Connected VSI Inverter using Multi-carrier based Sinusoidal PWM Technique

This paper explains the simulation and modelling of Parallel operation of VSI inverter using multi-carrier based PWM technique. By this proposed method three level inverter output voltages generated instead of using multilevel inverter or two level dual VSI inverter. This system employs single dc voltage source, which gives supply to both VSI inverter by using parallel connection. The multi-carrier based pulse width modulation technique affianced to control the inverter power switches. The proposed system offers improved output voltage, better current control and reduced harmonic distortion. The simulation results of this proposed system was verified using matlab/simulink

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of quantitative traits in black gram by effects of mutation in field trail

Genetic variation has led to an increase in the quantitative traits of crops. The variability on genome is induced by mutation, which enhances the productivity. We evaluated variability on quantitative characters such as, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, number of fruit clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, yield/plant and 100 seed weight of black gram in M2 generation by the effect of mutation by gamma rays. The results were shown high genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance with significant enhancement (P 0.05 and P 0.01) in growth and yield traits. Hence selection is effective for these traits could be possible through gamma rays. The speculation of effects of gamma rays on genome is that irradiation, induced addition, deletion in DNA pairs and also attributed large chromosomal  rearrangement. The result were shown significant enhancement in yield and related traits. It indicates that improvement in quantitative traits would be possible through gamma rays

Post-mortem dissection of COVID-19: a pathogenic role for macrophages?

Acute respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in severe COVID-19. By combining rapid tissue sampling at autopsy with high dimensional analyses, including measurement of immune cells, proteins and RNA, unparalleled insights into the mechanisms of dysregulated inflammation in COVID-19 have been obtained1–4. Here we summarise some of the conceptual advances revealed by post-mortem studies of severe COVID-19, and make particular reference to the apparent dominance of macrophages, how this may relate to disease pathophysiology, and the opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention.ACM is supported by a Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist Fellowship (MR/V006118/1). CDL is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship (206566/Z/17/Z) and receives funding from the UKRI-NIHR COVID-19 Call (MR/V028790/1). PPV is supported by a Wellcome Trust PhD Training Fellowship for Clinicians (214179/Z/18/Z)

Effect of visual feedback on the occipital-parietal-motor network in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is an elusive phenomenon that debilitates a large number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients regardless of stage of disease, medication status, or deep brain stimulation implantation. Sensory feedback cues, especially visual feedback cues, have been shown to alleviate FOG episodes or even prevent episodes from occurring. Here, we examine cortical information flow between occipital, parietal, and motor areas during the pre-movement stage of gait in a PD-with-FOG patient that had a strong positive behavioral response to visual cues, one PD-with-FOG patient without any behavioral response to visual cues, and age-matched healthy controls, before and after training with visual feedback. Results for this case study show differences in cortical information flow between the responding PD-with-FOG patient and the other two subject types, notably, an increased information flow in the beta range. Tentatively suggesting the formation of an alternative cortical sensory-motor pathway during training with visual feedback, these results are proposed as subject for further verification employing larger cohorts of patients

A Sub-Region Based Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Dual 2-Level Inverter System

This paper deals the implementation of 3-level output voltage using dual 2-level inverter with control of sub-region based Space Vector Modulation (SR-SVM). Switching loss and voltage stress are the most important issues in multilevel inverters, for keep away from these problems dual inverter system executed. Using this proposed system, the conventional 3-level inverter voltage vectors and switching vectors can be located. In neutral point clamped multilevel inverter, it carries more load current fluctuations due to the DC link capacitors and it requires large capacitors. Based on the sub-region SVM used to control IGBT switches placed in the dual inverter system. The proposed system improves the output voltage with reduced harmonic content with improved dc voltage utilisation. The simulation and hardware results are verified using matlab/simulink and dsPIC microcontroller

Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring wheat for mainstreaming biofortification in CIMMYT wheat breeding

Wheat is an important staple that acts as a primary source of dietary energy, protein, and essential micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the world’s population. Approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency, thus breeders have crossed high Zn progenitors such as synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, and landraces to generate wheat varieties with competitive yield and enhanced grain Zn that are being adopted by farmers in South Asia. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90 K Infinitum SNP array to characterize grain Zn concentrations in 330 bread wheat lines. Grain Zn phenotype of this HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel was evaluated across a range of environments in India and Mexico. GWAS analysis revealed 39 marker-trait associations for grain Zn. Two larger effect QTL regions were found on chromosomes 2 and 7. Candidate genes (among them zinc finger motif of transcription-factors and metal-ion binding genes) were associated with the QTL. The linked markers and associated candidate genes identified in this study are being validated in new biparental mapping populations for marker-assisted breeding

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested.Â

Micronuclei to detect in vivo chemotherapy damage in a p53 mutated solid tumour

Apoptosis induction and micronuclei formation were compared following cytotoxic treatments in two rat glioma differing in p53 integrity. In vitro, micronuclei emergence but not apoptosis was linked to the p53 mutated status. In vivo, micronuclei assays were more sensitive to evaluate DNA damage induced by chemotherapy in a p53-mutated solid tumour.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

X-ray computed microtomography of late copper age decorated bowls with cross-shaped foots from central Slovenia and the Trieste Karst (North-Eastern Italy): technology and paste characterization.

About 20 Late Copper Age bowls with cross-shaped foots from Deschmann\u2019s pile dwellings (Ljubljansko barje, central Slovenia) and Trieste Karst (North-Eastern Italy) have been investigated using X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) in order to study the vessel-forming technique, to characterise their pastes and to test the hypothesis that some Karst bowls could have been imported from nowadays central Slovenia or even more distant regions. In three selected virtual slices per sample, clay, lithic inclusions and pores have been segmented and quantified. In addition, the area, maximum length and width of each lithic inclusion have been calculated. Then, the microCT-derived results have been statistically analysed by principal component analysis (PCA). The orientation of pores and disjunctions in microCT volumes show that the basins of the bowls were built using mainly the coiling technique, while the base was shaped starting from a central piece, to which a layer of clay was added and then reshaped in order to produce the foots. The Slovenian bowls include both medium/coarse-grained and very fine- or fine-grained vessels mainly tempered with carbonate inclusions. The pastes of the Karst bowls are considerably heterogeneous. One bowl was most likely imported to the Karst but not from central Slovenia as it shows peculiar components, shape and decoration. The other two imported vessels show a very fine-grained paste comparable to the one of several samples from Deschmann\u2019s pile dwellings. Such technological similarity is confirmed by PCA of microCT data and petrographic observations. Our study confirms the existence of strong cultural connections between central Slovenia and the northernmost Adriatic coast during the Late Copper Age