Gênero e violência: um estudo sobre a Lei MAria da Penha (2006-2011) em Mato Grosso * Gender and and violence: a study on the Maria da Penha Law (2006-2011) in Mato Grosso

O presente artigo aborda a Lei Maria da Penha sob o prisma do debate da violência contra a mulher. A violência é tratada sob aspectos culturais e historicamente estabelecidos nas relações de poder entre homens e mulheres. A Lei 11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006, revela-se parcialmente alheia aos debates mais recentes dos estudos feministas ao considerar o sexo biológico definidor do gênero. Fez-se importante apresentar o surgimento e andamento das Delegacias Especializadas de Atendimento à Mulher que sofre violência. Em especial, focalizamos Mato Grosso. Apresentamos os antecedentes da lei a partir dos juizados especiais e decisões judiciais a partir da lei.   Palavras-chave: Lei Maria da Penha; gênero; violência; Mato Grosso.  Abstract: This paper addresses the Maria da Penha Law in the light of the discussion of violence against women. Violence is treated under cultural aspects and historically established power relations between men and women. Law 11.340 of August 7, 2006, it is revealed partially foreign to most recent discussions of feminist studies to consider the defining biological sex of the genre. There was important to present the rise and progress of the Special Police Departments for Assistance to Women suffering violence. In particular, we focus on Mato Grosso. Here is the background of the law from the special courts and judicial decisions from the law.  Keywords: Maria da Penha Law; gender; violence; Mato Grosso. 

Gênero e violência: um estudo sobre a Lei MAria da Penha (2006-2011) em Mato Grosso

This paper addresses the Maria da Penha Law in the light of the discussion of violence against women. Violence is treated under cultural aspects and historically established power relations between men and women. Law 11.340 of August 7, 2006, it is revealed partially foreign to most recent discussions of feminist studies to consider the defining biological sex of the genre. There was important to present the rise and progress of the Special Police Departments for Assistance to Women suffering violence. In particular, we focus on Mato Grosso. Here is the background of the law from the special courts and judicial decisions from the law.O presente artigo aborda a Lei Maria da Penha sob o prisma do debate da violência contra a mulher. A violência é tratada sob aspectos culturais e historicamente estabelecidos nas relações de poder entre homens e mulheres. A Lei 11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006, revela-se parcialmente alheia aos debates mais recentes dos estudos feministas ao considerar o sexo biológico definidor do gênero. Fez-se importante apresentar o surgimento e andamento das Delegacias Especializadas de Atendimento à Mulher que sofre violência. Em especial, focalizamos Mato Grosso. Apresentamos os antecedentes da lei a partir dos juizados especiais e decisões judiciais a partir da lei.

Bucureşti – centrul istoric. Campania 2007. Raport preliminar privind cercetările arheologice efectuate pe strada Smârdan / Bucarest – Historical Center. Archaeological researches in Smârdan Street

During the XVII century the historical documents mentioned a „ Lane going from the Princely Court towards the Greek’s Church’ while later on, until the second half of the XIX century the street was known as the German Lane. It acquired the present day name with the end of the Independence War in 1878. The 2007 excavations were the first ones focusing on the entire street. No archaeological remains were identified on the segment stretching from Lipscani St to Sf. Dumitru St. Foundations of brick constructions were exposed throughout the next segment, from Sf. Dumitru St. to Şelari St. Several fragments of wall foundations were observed at street numbers 30, 37, 39 and 41 and while dismanteling the sidewalk other short wall remains were exposed at street numbers 14, 26, 27, 28, 29. The excavations also uncovered the outlines of four XIX century constructions and one from the XVIII century. Other features included two garbage pits and remains of the old street paved with timber. The trench at no. 41 also yielded an area paved with small river boulders. A large number of pot sherds was recovered, resulted from various pottery types and also a large range of glass items. The majority was found within the cultural layer and only few from closed complexes such as pits or cellars. The ceramics was very fragmented, dating mostly from the XVII– XIX centuries. A major drawback constitutes the fact that this period is at the confluence between Late Medieval archaeology and ethnography, preventing a more refined chronology. The pottery material was grouped in two – the XVI– XVII centuries and the XVIII– XIX centuries, hoping that further publications will be more detailed. Mixed with the above mentioned fragments, isolated sherds, typical for the Dridu culture (X century) also occurred, in the soil resulted while digging the wall foundations.În documentele de secol XVII strada Smârdan este menţionată drept „ Uliţa care merge de la Curtea Domnească spre biserica Grecilor”, pentru ca mai târziu, până în a doua jumătate a secolului XIX să fie cunoscută drept „ Uliţa nemţească”. Numele actual a fost adoptat în 1878, după sfârşitul războiului de Independenţă. Cercetările arheologice din 2007 sunt primele care se ocupă de studiul întregii străzi în Bucureştiul medieval. Pe tronsonul dintre străzile Lipscani şi Sf. Dumitru nu au apărut materiale arheologice. Între Sf. Dumitru şi intersecţia cu str. Şelari au fost identificate fundaţii de construcţii şi ziduri atât în stradă, cât şi sub trotuar. Au fost cercetate, parţial, patru construcţii de secol XIX, una din secolul XVIII, două gropi menajere (sec XVIII), vechile podiri de lemn ale străzii şi un fragment de pavaj stradal din piatră de râu (sec XVIII– XIX). A fost recuperat un număr important de fragmente provenind de la diverse tipuri ceramice şi obiecte din sticlă. Datarea pieselor, majoritatea provenind din strat, este cuprinsă între secolele XVII– XIX. Foarte puţine dintre ele au apărut în complexe închise (gropi, pivniţe) care ar fi permis o încadrare cronologică mai clară. Materialele sunt în stare fragmentară, la foarte puţine fiind posibilă reconstituirea unui profil complet. Un alt handicap major îl reprezintă perioada de provenienţă a majorităţii materialelor (sec. XVIII– XIX) aflată la confluenţa între arheologia medievală târzie şi etnografie. Studiul materialului ceramic se constituie astfel într-o prezentare succintă a descoperirilor, grupate în sec. XVI– XVII, respectiv XVIII– XIX cu speranţa că în viitor ele vor beneficia de un studiu mai amplu. Alături de ceramica menţionată au fost descoperite şi fragmente ceramice izolate specifice culturii Dridu, databile în secolul X, antrenate de săpăturile pentru fundaţiile locuinţelor din Evul Mediu.Mănucu-Adameşteanu Gheorghe, Măgureanu Andrei, Panait Panait I., Boroneanţ Adina, Gavrilă Elena, Popescu Raluca-Iuliana, Rădulescu Maria-Venera, Toderaş Meda, Velter Ana-Maria, Boglárka Tóth, Botár István. Bucureşti – centrul istoric. Campania 2007. Raport preliminar privind cercetările arheologice efectuate pe strada Smârdan / Bucarest – Historical Center. Archaeological researches in Smârdan Street. In: Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), N°3 2008. 2007. pp. 163-223

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.