Efecto de dos sistemas de cocción sobre la transferencia de calor y la letalidad microbiana durante la cocción de jamones

Cooking systems for cooked meat derivatives must provide efficient and homogeneous heat transfer, in such a way as to assure the quality and microbiological safety of the final product. In this study, the effect of two cooking systems on heat transfer efficiency and the process lethality during cooking of York-type hams was evaluated and compared. For this, York-type hams were cooked in a cooking module with water and a steam oven, at a temperature of 80 ° C until reaching an internal temperature of 72 ° C. The variables measured were the cooking time, the cooking speed, the convective heat transfer coefficient, the pasteurization value (P value) and the accumulated lethality of the equivalent process, the latter two taking as reference Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. The results showed that the heating time decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during cooking in the module. While the heating rate and the convective coefficient were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in this same system. For P0, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between treatments, highlighting that this was greater than the lethality criterion defined for both microorganisms and was reached before reaching 72 °C in the hams. These results allowed us to conclude that cooking in water offers a more efficient and homogeneous heat transfer, as well as microbiological safety in the final product.Los sistemas de cocción para derivados cárnicos cocidos deben proporcionar una eficiente y homogénea transferencia térmica, de tal manera que se garantice la calidad y la seguridad microbiológica del producto final. En este estudio se evaluó y comparó el efecto de dos sistemas de cocción sobre la eficiencia de transferencia de calor y la letalidad del proceso durante la cocción de jamones tipo York. Para ello, se cocinaron jamones tipo York en un módulo de cocción con agua y un horno a vapor, a una temperatura de 80 °C hasta alcanzar una temperatura interna de 72 °C. Las variables medidas fueron el tiempo de cocción, la velocidad de cocción, el coeficiente convectivo de trasferencia de calor, el valor pasteurizador (P0) y la letalidad acumulada del proceso equivalente, estas dos últimas tomando como referencia Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella spp. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo de calentamiento disminuyó significativamente (p < 0,05) durante la cocción en el módulo, mientras que la velocidad de calentamiento y el coeficiente convectivo fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) en este mismo sistema. Para el P0, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) entre tratamientos, destacándose que este fue mayor al criterio de letalidad definido para ambos microorganismos y se alcanzó antes de llegar a los 72 °C en los jamones. Estos resultados permitieron concluir que la cocción en agua ofrece una transferencia de calor más eficiente y homogénea, así como una seguridad microbiológica en el producto final

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Nanotecnología y agroindustria: opciones de desarrollo

Las tecnologías disruptivas dan cuenta del poder que tiene la innovación para transformar las industrias, mejorar la calidad de vida y salvaguardar el planeta. Entre estas tecnologías, la nanotecnología está siendo aplicada en numerosos campos e impactando no solo distintas industrias sino también la vida cotidiana, al hacer cada vez más concreto el ideal de una materia programable, adaptativa y evolutiva, que será el recurso para el diseño y la implementación de soluciones a los grandes problemas que debe afrontar la sociedad del actual siglo. Nanotecnología: Fundamentos y aplicaciones: más que explicar contenidos teóricos, busca hacer posible que el lector se acerque al sentido del diseño y la manipulación de la materia a nivel de átomos o moléculas. A tal fin, la obra abarca un amplio haz de temas y variantes, como la obtención y la caracterización de nanomateriales; la aplicación en-áreas como el medio ambiente, la salud, la energética; la industria textil y la agroindustria; los aspectos fundamentales de regulación y normatividad, y los elementos y riesgos de salud ocupacional fue se deben considerar cuando se hace uso de esta tecnología, junto con consideraciones éticas. Esta obra está pensada tanto para académicos interesados o especializados en la materia (profesores, investigadores y estudiantes) como para industriales y personal del nivel técnico que se desempeñan en áreas de aplicación actual y futura de la nanotecnología.Fil: Zuluaga Gallego, Robin Octavio. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Velez Acosta, Lina María. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Castro Herezo, Cristina Isabes. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Casas Botero, Ana Elisa. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Velázquez Cock, Jorge. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Osorio Delgado, Marlon Andrés. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Torres Taborda, Mabel Milena. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Gañán Rojas, Piedad Felisinda. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Marín Pineda, Diana Marcela. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Stefani, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

La nanocelulosa: Una estructura producida por la naturaleza

Las tecnologías disruptivas dan cuenta del poder que tiene la innovación para transformar las industrias, mejorar la calidad de vida y salvaguardar el planeta. Entre estas tecnologías, la nanotecnología está siendo aplicada en numerosos campos e impactando no solo distintas industrias sino también la vida cotidiana, al hacer cada vez más concreto el ideal de una materia programable, adaptativa y evolutiva, que será el recurso para el diseño y la implementación de soluciones a los grandes problemas que debe afrontar la sociedad del actual siglo. Nanotecnología: Fundamentos y aplicaciones, más que explicar contenidos teóricos, busca hacer posible que el lector se acerque al sentido del diseño y la manipulación de la materia a nivel de átomos o moléculas. A tal fin, la obra abarca un amplio haz de temas y variantes, como la obtención y la caracterización de nanomateriales; la aplicación en-áreas como el medio ambiente, la salud, la energética; la industria textil y la agroin- dustria; los aspectos fundamentales de regulación y normatividad, y los elementos y riesgos de salud ocupacional fue se deben considerar cuando se hace uso de esta tecnología, junto con consideraciones éticas. Esta obra está pensada tanto para académicos interesados o especializados en la materia (profesores, investigadores y estudiantes) como para industriales y personal del nivel técnico que se desempeñan en áreas de aplicación actual y futura de la nanotecnología.Fil: Zuluaga Gallego, Robin Octavio. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Serpa Guerra, Angélica María. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Velez Acosta, Lina María. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Gómez Hoyos, Catalina. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; Colombia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Construcciones y Estructuras. Laboratorio de Materiales y Estructuras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro Herazo, Cristina Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Casas Botero, Ana Elisa. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Osorio Delgado, Marlon Andrés. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Velázquez Cock, Jorge. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Torres Taborda, Mabel Milena. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Gañán Rojo, Piedad Felisinda. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana.; ColombiaFil: Marin Quintero, Diana Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Stefani, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research