Efecto de diferentes dosis de estiércol bovino en el cultivo orgánico de Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni bajo sistema de riego por goteo

La producción de la Stevia "ka'a he'ẽ" es económicamente importante para la diversificación de la finca familiar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos de dosis de estiércol bovino (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100 t ha-1) en el cultivo de Stevia bajo irrigación. El diseño experimental adoptado fue el de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones, totalizando 18 unidades experimentales. Fueron determinados Masa Seca de Hojas (MSH) y Masa Seca de Tallos (MSt), Masa Seca Total (MST) por planta, distribución de asimilados en MSH, MST y rendimiento de MST por hectárea. Los resultados indican que con 60 t ha-1 de estiércol bovino se obtuvo la mayor producción de MSH de Stevia por planta en el primer, segundo corte y total con 24,90; 29,39 y 54,30 g pl-1 respectivamente. En tallos se registraron 8,96; 12,01 y 20,97 g pl-1de MSt. También se verifico que el rendimiento es influenciado por las dosis de estiércol bovino con: 2760,83; 2521,66 y 5282,50 kg ha-1 de MSH, MSt y MST para el primer y segundo corte, y en forma total siendo la dosis de 60 t ha-1 el que arrojó mejores resultados. No se detectó la influencia de las dosis de estiércol en la distribución de asimilados en el primer corte con 73,88% a las hojas y 26,10% a los tallos. Ya en el segundo corte se verificó efecto significativo con la dosis de 100,0 t ha-1 de estiércol con una media de 78,32%, distribuyendo la mayor cantidad de MS a las hojas. Estas informaciones son útiles para recomendar dosis de estiércol bovino en Stevia

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Competitividad de la exportación de la soja en el Paraguay

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la competitividad de las exportaciones del grano de la soja en el Paraguay en el periodo de 2005 a 2014. Se utilizó el modelo Constant Market Share para tal fin, con la base de datos de UNContrade; el modelo descompone en tres efectos el crecimiento: crecimiento mundial, destino de exportación y competitividad; se eligieron países de destino para el Paraguay a Argentina, Unión Europea y Uruguay. Resultado demuestra que el aumento de la demanda del país emergente como la de China hace que la demanda aumentara a nivel mundial y en efecto la exportación de los países productores como USA, Brasil, Argentina y Paraguay. De acuerdo el resultado de la CMS para el Paraguay tuvo incidencia variable para su crecimiento, en el primer periodo fue producto del crecimiento mundial y el destino de la exportación, sin embargo, en el segundo periodo fueron el crecimiento mundial y la competitividad.The objective of this research was to analyze the competitiveness of soybean exports in Paraguay in the period 2005 to 2014. The method of analysis used to measure competitiveness was the Constant Market Share model with data from the UN Comtrade database. The model decomposes growth into three effects: global growth, competitiveness and export destination; The target destinations chosen were Argentina, European Union and Uruguay. The results show that an increase in the demand of an emerging country, such as China, leads to an increase in global demand, in turn leading to higher exports from producing countries such as the USA, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Results of the CMS for Paraguay showed variable incidences for its growth: in the first period, it resulted from global growth and the destination of exports, whereas in the second period, it resulted from global growth and competitiveness.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a competitividade das exportações de grãos de soja no Paraguai no período de 2005 a 2014. O método de analise utilizado foi o modelo ConstantMarketShare (CMS) com o banco de dados UM Comtrade; o modelo DIVIDE o crescimento em três efeitos: crescimento global, destino de exportação e competitividade; Os destinos selecionados para o Paraguai foram: Argentina, União Européia e Uruguai. Os resultados mostram que o aumento da demanda da China, como país emergente, faz com que a demanda aumente a nível mundial e, em vigor, a exportação de países produtores como EUA, Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai. De acordo com o resultado do CMS para o Paraguai, incidências variáveis foram verificadas para seu crescimento: no primeiro período influenciaram o crescimento global e o destino da exportação; no entanto, no segundo período foi o resultado do crescimento global e da competitividad

Percepción de la indicación geográfica en carne bovina y disposición a pagar

The search for healthier agri-food products of sustainable origin and of a specific geographical region is on the raise and represents an interesting market. In this sense, the objective of this research was to identify consumers' perceptions of bovine meat with geographical indication (GI) and the willingness to pay for this attribute. An electronic survey was carried out through a questionnaire developed in the virtual platform of Google Drive through Internet, with 465 consumers during 60 days, from different regions of Paraguay. Meat with GI is still unknown to consumers. While only a minority of consumers are willing to pay more for meat with GI, an interesting market niche that should be explored. However, this attribute can be a tool capable of generating added value, offering bovine meat of differentiated quality and unique in the region.La búsqueda de productos agroalimenticios más saludables de origen sostenible y de una región geográfica específica está en aumento y representa un mercado interesante. En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las percepciones de los consumidores sobre la carne bovina con indicación geográfica (IG) y la disposición a pagar por este atributo. Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a través de un cuestionario desarrollado en la plataforma virtual de Google Drive a través de Internet, con 465 consumidores durante 60 días, de diferentes regiones de Paraguay. La carne con IG todavía es desconocido por los consumidores. Si bien, sólo una minoría de consumidores está dispuesta a pagar a más por la carne con IG, es un nicho de mercado interesante que debe ser explorado. Con todo, este atributo puede ser una herramienta capaz de generar valor agregado, ofreciendo carne bovina de calidad diferenciada y única en la región

Percepção da indicação geográfica na carne bovina e vontade de pagar

The search for healthier agri-food products of sustainable origin and of a specific geographical region is on the raise and represents an interesting market. In this sense, the objective of this research was to identify consumers' perceptions of bovine meat with geographical indication (GI) and the willingness to pay for this attribute. An electronic survey was carried out through a questionnaire developed in the virtual platform of Google Drive through Internet, with 465 consumers during 60 days, from different regions of Paraguay. Meat with GI is still unknown to consumers. While only a minority of consumers are willing to pay more for meat with GI, an interesting market niche that should be explored. However, this attribute can be a tool capable of generating added value, offering bovine meat of differentiated quality and unique in the region.La búsqueda de productos agroalimenticios más saludables de origen sostenible y de una región geográfica específica está en aumento y representa un mercado interesante. En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las percepciones de los consumidores sobre la carne bovina con indicación geográfica (IG) y la disposición a pagar por este atributo. Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a través de un cuestionario desarrollado en la plataforma virtual de Google Drive a través de Internet, con 465 consumidores durante 60 días, de diferentes regiones de Paraguay. La carne con IG todavía es desconocido por los consumidores. Si bien, sólo una minoría de consumidores está dispuesta a pagar a más por la carne con IG, es un nicho de mercado interesante que debe ser explorado. Con todo, este atributo puede ser una herramienta capaz de generar valor agregado, ofreciendo carne bovina de calidad diferenciada y única en la región.A busca por produtos agro-alimentares mais saudáveis, de origem sustentável e de uma região geográfica específica, está em ascensão e representa um mercado interessante. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a percepção do consumidor de carne bovina com indicação geográfica (IG) e a disposição de pagar por esse atributo. Uma pesquisa eletrônica foi realizada através de um questionário desenvolvido na plataforma virtual Google Drive, via Internet, com 465 consumidores por 60 dias, de diferentes regiões do Paraguai. A carne IG ainda é desconhecida pelos consumidores. Embora apenas uma minoria de consumidores esteja disposta a pagar mais pela carne com IG, é um nicho interessante que precisa ser explorado. Em suma, esse atributo pode ser uma ferramenta capaz de gerar valor agregado, oferecendo carne bovina de qualidade diferenciada e única na região

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care