Yksitystämisen vaikutus yrityksen menestykseen : Suomen ja Ruotsin valtionyhtiöiden yksityistäminen

Siirretty Doriast

Effectiveness of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma : results from real-world clinical practice in Finland

Objectives Mepolizumab treatment provides clinical benefits for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in randomized controlled trials. However, real-world data for patients in Finland are lacking. Methods This retrospective, non-interventional, chart review study included patients with severe eosinophilic asthma >= 18 years of age initiating mepolizumab between January 1, 2016 and January 31, 2019 at three investigational sites in Finland. Patient characteristics during the 12 months prior to mepolizumab initiation (baseline) were recorded and primary and secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in disease outcomes during follow-up (up to 24 months following mepolizumab initiation). Exploratory endpoints included association between patient characteristics and exacerbation frequency/annual cumulative oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose. Results Overall, 51 patients were included (mean 17.8 months follow-up). At baseline, patients had a mean (standard deviation) blood eosinophil count of 550 (410) cells/mu L; impaired lung function and health-related quality of life; poor symptom control; frequent exacerbations (2.78/year); and 90% were using OCS (mean: 9.80 mg/day). At the last follow-up visit, reductions from baseline in blood eosinophil count (84%) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (26%) were observed, as were improvements in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score (36%) and Asthma Control Test score (34%). Reductions in the mean number of annual exacerbations (82%) and mean daily OCS dose (39%) were also seen; reductions were observed even after adjustment for several patient baseline characteristics. Conclusions Results are consistent with previous randomized clinical trials, indicating that Finnish patients experience clinically relevant improvements when treated with mepolizumab in real-world clinical practice.Peer reviewe

Controls on inorganic nitrogen leaching from Finnish catchments assessed using a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the INCA -N model

The semi-distributed, dynamic INCA-N model was used to simulate the behaviour of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in two Finnish research catchments. Parameter sensitivity and model structural uncertainty were analysed using generalized sensitivity analysis. The Mustajoki catchment is a forested upstream catchment, while the Savijoki catchment represents intensively cultivated lowlands. In general, there were more influential parameters in Savijoki than Mustajoki. Model results were sensitive to N-transformation rates, vegetation dynamics, and soil and river hydrology. Values of the sensitive parameters were based on long-term measurements covering both warm and cold years. The highest measured DIN concentrations fell between minimum and maximum values estimated during the uncertainty analysis. The lowest measured concentrations fell outside these bounds, suggesting that some retention processes may be missing from the current model structure. The lowest concentrations occurred mainly during low flow periods; so effects on total loads were small

Can there be water scarcity with abundance of water? : Analyzing water stress during a severe drought in Finland

Severe droughts can affect water security even in countries with ample water resources. In addition, droughts are estimated to become more frequent in several regions due to changing climate. Drought affects many socio-economic sectors (e.g., agriculture, water supply, and industry), as it did in 2018 in Finland. Understanding the basin-wide picture is crucial in drought management planning. To identify vulnerable and water stressed areas in Finland, a water use-to-availability analysis was executed with a reference drought. Water stress was analyzed with the Water Depletion Index WDI. The analysis was executed using national water permits and databases. To represent a severe but realistic drought event, we modelled discharges and runoffs from the worst drought of the last century in Finland (1939–1942). The potential for performing similar analyses in data scarce contexts was also tested using estimates from global models as a screening tool. The results show that the South and Southwest of Finland would have problems with water availability during a severe drought. The most vulnerable areas would benefit from drought mitigation measures and management plans. These measures could be incorporated into the EU River Basin Management Plans

Severe drought in Finland : Modeling effects on water resources and assessing climate change impacts

Severe droughts cause substantial damage to different socio-economic sectors, and even Finland, which has abundant water resources, is not immune to their impacts. To assess the implications of a severe drought in Finland, we carried out a national scale drought impact analysis. Firstly, we simulated water levels and discharges during the severe drought of 1939–1942 (the reference drought) in present-day Finland with a hydrological model. Secondly, we estimated how climate change would alter droughts. Thirdly, we assessed the impact of drought on key water use sectors, with a focus on hydropower and water supply. The results indicate that the long-lasting reference drought caused the discharges to decrease at most by 80% compared to the average annual minimum discharges. The water levels generally fell to the lowest levels in the largest lakes in Central and South-Eastern Finland. Climate change scenarios project on average a small decrease in the lowest water levels during droughts. Severe drought would have a significant impact on water-related sectors, reducing water supply and hydropower production. In this way drought is a risk multiplier for the water–energy–food security nexus. We suggest that the resilience to droughts could be improved with region-specific drought management plans and by including droughts in existing regional preparedness exercises

Effectiveness of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: results from real-world clinical practice in Finland

Objectives: Mepolizumab treatment provides clinical benefits for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in randomized controlled trials. However, real-world data for patients in Finland are lacking.Methods: This retrospective, non-interventional, chart review study included patients with severe eosinophilic asthma ≥18 years of age initiating mepolizumab between January 1, 2016 and January 31, 2019 at three investigational sites in Finland. Patient characteristics during the 12 months prior to mepolizumab initiation (baseline) were recorded and primary and secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in disease outcomes during follow-up (up to 24 months following mepolizumab initiation). Exploratory endpoints included association between patient characteristics and exacerbation frequency/annual cumulative oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose.Results: Overall, 51 patients were included (mean 17.8 months follow-up). At baseline, patients had a mean (standard deviation) blood eosinophil count of 550 (410) cells/µL; impaired lung function and health-related quality of life; poor symptom control; frequent exacerbations (2.78/year); and 90% were using OCS (mean: 9.80 mg/day). At the last follow-up visit, reductions from baseline in blood eosinophil count (84%) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (26%) were observed, as were improvements in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score (36%) and Asthma Control Test score (34%). Reductions in the mean number of annual exacerbations (82%) and mean daily OCS dose (39%) were also seen; reductions were observed even after adjustment for several patient baseline characteristics.Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous randomized clinical trials, indicating that Finnish patients experience clinically relevant improvements when treated with mepolizumab in real-world clinical practice.</p

Drought hazard and annual precipitation predicted to increase in the Sirppujoki river basin, Finland

Droughts pose a critical global risk that affect vast land areas and threaten almost all nations. Yet the impacts of droughts are most concretely felt at the local scale. Here, we assess drought indices in a Finnish basin with limited observations under current and future climate conditions in order to support local drought management. Long time series are needed for deriving drought indices, yet the available data is often a constraint. To increase the sample size available for analysis, we generated a thousand years of weather data with a stochastic weather generator based on observations and Regional Climate Model (RCM) data. The generated meteorological variables were fed into a hydrological model to simulate a large sample of hydrological variables. These large samples of simulated meteorological and hydrological variables were then used to analyse drought events and their characteristics in a past (1990–2019) and a future (2040–2069) time period. The results support the ongoing drought management work being done in South-Western Finland and specifically the Sirppujoki basin. Our results indicate that drought events will most likely become more frequent, especially during the growing season. Such changes would affect particularly the agricultural sector of Finland

Three approaches to estimate inorganic nitrogen loading under varying climate conditons from a headwater catchment in Finland

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