Building Global Momentum Towards Managing Marine Plastic Pollution Through SDG 14

Target 1 of SDG 14 on marine pollution has been instrumental in building momentum towards a coordinated response to the plastic pollution crisis facing the world’s ocean. The 2017 UN Ocean Conference saw a record number of registered voluntary commitments related to stemming plastic pollution, from local grassroots action to scientific research, as well as government initiatives limiting single‐use plastics. By the time of the second UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, the UN Environment Assembly had, in March 2022, already adopted a resolution to develop by 2025 an international legally binding agreement to end plasticpollution. This international instrument is currently under negotiation and is facing contentious discussions influenced by petroleum interests. However, the very existence of these negotiations is owed to a large degree to the grassroots momentum built through SDG 14 Target 1 and a growing public concern about linkages between plastic pollution and human health and nascent national blue economies. This article will trace the pathway through which SDG 14 voluntary commitments, from local to global, have led by examplewhile building a global sense of urgency to address the plastic pollution crisis. The article will also provide examples of how local communities and governments have experienced and responded to the crisis. Lessons learned from these local examples will be provided to link local measures and priorities to the global level in a way that can inform how the plastic pollution treaty is both negotiated and implemente

Uso e qualidade da água na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Parafuso (Moju, Pará, Brasil)

A ação antrópica ao longo dos anos, no entorno da microbacia do rio Parafuso, ocasionou impactos ambientais adversos sobre os recursos hídricos. Este estudo tem como objetivos avaliar a qualidade da água do rio Parafuso com base nos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos e identificar os diferentes usos da água pela comunidade local, a fim de obter informação que possa subsidiar propostas para o manejo sustentável da microbacia. Para a avaliação da qualidade da água foram realizadas quatro campanhas, considerando a sazonalidade, com 19 pontos de amostragem. Foram realizadas entrevistas, observação direta e aplicados questionários para coletar os dados sobre os diferentes usos da água pela população local. Os resultados revelam a multifuncionalidade dos rios. Os índices do Ferro e E. coli, em alguns pontos amostrais, ultrapassam os limites exigidos pela legislação, o que denota o comprometimento da qualidade da água na referida microbacia para os diversos usos domésticos

Desenvolvimento de um Banco de Dados Geográficos para a Análise Espacial da Lashimaniose Visceral em Cametá-PA

Neste artigo é mostrado o desenvolvimento de um banco de dados geográfico para subsidiar a análise da distribuição espacial da incidência da Leshimaniose Visceral no município de Cametá, no estado do Pará. Para tal objetivo desenvolveu-se um banco de dados geográfico com dados ecoepidemiológicos utilizando o PostGis. Após o processo do projeto lógico e físico da base de dados foi elaborado “queries” de consultas espaciais, conectadas ao PostGis, para a extração de informações. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o SIG OpenJump para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos. Como resultado observou-se que com as consultas espaciais, obtêm um rápido resultado sobre quais possíveis criadouros são propícios a proliferação da doença, utilizando as tecnologias PostGis e OpenJump, possibilitando expressar visualmente a incidência da doença de Leishimaniose Visceral no município estudado

Volatile compounds and protein profiles analyses of fermented cocoa beans and chocolates from different hybrids cultivated in Brazil

Cocoa beans from different geographical and genetic origins show distinct fermentation dynamics which result in different chocolate qualities. In order to understand the effects of genetic improvement of cocoa plants, in this work volatile compounds and proteins profiles of beginning and end of the fermentation from different cocoa hybrids (CEPEC2004, PH15, PS1319, SJ02) were searched. Moreover, sensorial characterization of the produced chocolate from these hybrids was performed. According to the results obtained, different volatile compounds were identified in fermented beans and in the chocolate produced. Chocolate from CEPEC2004 was the most accepted by judges and correlated with sweet and bitter taste which can be explained by the presence of desired flavor compounds, such as 2,3-butanediol and 2-methyl-1-butanol. A higher presence of acids (undesirable compounds) was observed in chocolates samples from PS1319 hybrid, that have resulted in the low acceptance by judges. In addition, MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that during fermentation the protein profile was different among the hybrids, which indicates this kind of compounds also contributes to the cocoa-specific flavor.Cledir Santos thanks the Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) for the partial funding from Project DIUFRO PIA 17-0006. The authors thank the Brazilian agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico of Brasil (CNPQ), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES) for scholarships and Fazendas Reunidas Vale do Juliana (Igrapiúna, Bahia, Brazil) where the experimental work was done.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of Two Moringa oleifera Lam Varieties Using Different Substrates in Nursery Conditions

A nursery study was made on brown soil with typical carbonate to evaluate agroproductive behavior of Plain and Supergenious Moringa oleifera Lam varieties, using different substrates. Three substrates were studied (worm castings, decomposed cattle manure and compost), using a randomized block experimental design, with 8 treatments and three replicas. The evaluation included the amount of leaves 30 days after germination, plant height until transplantation every ten days and at 30 days, stem diameter, and root length and diameter. The best results were achieved with soil + wormcast in the two varieties.

Modelling long-memory volatilities with leverage effect: A-LMSV versus FIEGARCH

A new stochastic volatility model, called A-LMSV, is proposed to cope simultaneously with leverage effect and long-memory in volatility. Its statistical properties are derived and compared with the properties of the FIEGARCH model. It is shown that the dependence of the autocorrelations of squares on the parameters measuring the asymmetry and the persistence is different in both models. The kurtosis and autocorrelations of squares do not depend on the asymmetry in the A-LMSV model while they increase with the asymmetry in the FIEGARCH model. Furthermore, the autocorrelations of squares increase with the persistence in the A-LMSV model and decrease in the FIEGARCH model. On the other hand, if the correlation between returns and future volatilities is negative, the autocorrelations of absolute returns increase with the magnitude of the asymmetry in the FIEGARCH model while they decrease in the A-LMSV model. Finally, the cross-correlations between squares and original observations are, in general, larger in absolute value in the FIEGARCH model than in the A-LMSV model. The results are illustrated by fitting both models to represent the dynamic evolution of volatilities of daily returns of the S&P500 and DAX indexes.Publicad

CHILD LABOR: REALITY IN POTTERIES IN THE RIVER AJUAÍ COMMUNITY (PARÁ, BRAZIL)

Brazil has advanced in the legislation regarding the social protection of children and adolescents, including reference after the approval of the Statute of Children and Adolescents in 1990. However, mistreatment practices still persist, such as child labor in certain high poverty areas. This study presents an analysis of the child labor relations existing in the potteries of the Ajuaí river community, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, state of Pará, Brazil, under the analysis of the basic principles of child and adolescent protection. The research, based on a case study, involved potters and children and adolescents who worked in the potteries. The social vulnerability of families in the Ajuaí River region is one of the causes that favors the practice of a degrading action involving children and adolescents in potteries activities. Physical exertion and insecurity, besides the legal prohibition of child labor, are elements that make the activity an illegal and inhuman practice. The absence of public power with social programs that meets the basic needs of low-income families contributes to the incidence of child labor in the region

Do Girls and Boys Perceive Themselves as Equally Engaged in School? The Results of an International Study from 12 Countries

This study examined gender differences in student engagement and academic performance in school. Participants included 3420 students (7th, 8th, and 9th graders) from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results indicated that, compared to boys, girls reported higher levels of engagement in school andwere rated higher by their teachers in academic performance. Student engagement accounted for gender differences in academic performance, but gender did not moderate the associations among student engagement, academic performance, or contextual supports. Analysis of multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed that perceptions of teacher support and parent support, but not peer support, were related indirectly to academic performance through student engagement. This partial mediation model was invariant across gender. The findings from this study enhance the understanding about the contextual and personal factors associated with girls' and boys' academic performance around the world

Da expectativa de vitória à derrota: estratégias discursivas do PT em Curitiba e Porto Alegre em 2004

Resumo As eleições municipais de 2004 foram as primeiras depois que o PT chegou ao Governo Federal. Instigava saber a estratégia discursiva do partido que vinha numa trajetória de moderação discursiva. Para este estudo, tomamos como objeto as estratégias do PT nas eleições de Porto Alegre e Curitiba. A escolha das capitais está fundamentada no antagonismo dos cenários políticos e da inserção do PT nas disputas, na primeira ele era situação, enquanto na segunda era oposição. Adotamos uma metodologia inspirada na proposta elaborada pelo grupo coordenado por Marcus Figueiredo para o estudo dos spots eleitorais, adaptada por nós para a análise dos ‘Horários Gratuitos de Propaganda Eleitoral’ (HGPE). Podemos afirmar que não houve um discurso padrão do PT que foi derrotado. Mas, muitas semelhanças existiram entre as estratégias de seus adversários. Palavras-chave: PT; estratégias de retórica política; propaganda política; Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral.   Abstract The 2004 municipal elections were the first held after the Workers Party (PT) reached the Presidency. This research is interested in identifying the discursive strategy adopted by the party, which was in the path of moderation. As the object of analysis we chose the strategies adopted by the party in the elections in Porto Alegre and Curitiba. The choice of the two capitals was based on the difference between the political scenarios and the insertion of the PT in disputes in both. In  Porto Alegre, the party occupied the local government, while in  Curitiba it was in the opposition. We adopted a methodology based on the proposal prepared by Marcus Figueiredo for the study of electoral spots, adapted by us to the analysis of the  Horario Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral [Free Time for Electoral Propaganda]. We can say that the PT that was defeated did not  adopt a standard rhetorical strategy. But there were many  similarities in the strategies of their opponents. Key-words: PT; strategy of electoral rhetoric; political advertising; Free Time for Electoral Propaganda

Paragens de autocarro inteligentes e inclusivas

Apresentam-se diferentes conceitos que determinam uma paragem inteligente e inclusiva, criando-se assim uma paragem de autocarros inovadora desde à geração da sua própria energia, tornando-a autossuficiente e sustentável, à integração na rede de autocarros para comunicação da quantidade de utilizadores à espera, até à criação de um ecrã interativo que se adapta às necessidades de qualquer utilizador através de uma inovadora framework desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto ACCES4ALL.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio