Experiences and perceptions of ageing among older First Nations Australians: A rapid review

Objective: To identify and describe articles reporting the experiences and perceptions of ageing among older First Nations Australians. Methods: Following rapid review and PRISMA guidelines, we searched five databases for peer-reviewed articles published prior to October 2019 that reported qualitative accounts of ageing among older (≥ 45 years) First Nations Australians. Data were extracted and synthesised thematically. Results: Twenty-one articles were included in the final synthesis. Priorities in ageing highlighted the role of Elders, family, community, culture and connection to ancestral lands. Experiences and perceptions of ageing reflected cultural marginalisation in aged and health care services, and highlighted the importance of cultural identity, resilience and survival as key to ageing well. Conclusions: Our review suggests that mainstream ageing frameworks do not fully reflect the priorities of older First Nations Australians. This has important implications for ageing policy and the design and delivery of culturally safe aged and health care services

EFFECTS OF AMLODIPIN AND METOPROLOL ON AUTONOMIC SYSTEM IN EMOTIONAL AND COLD TESTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE

Aim. To asses effects of amlodipin and metoprolol on autonomic system in emotional and cold tests in hypertensive patients with different psychological profile (PP) Material and methods. 61 patients with arterial hypertension of II grade were observed. Therapy with amlodipin or metoprolol was prescribed and allowed to reach target blood pressure (BP) level in all the patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1-st one – patients with normal PP, 2-nd group – patients with subclinical depression. Patients were examined before and 30 days after therapy. Examination included ambulatory BP monitoring, assessment of autonomic status by variational intervalometry and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in cold and emotional tests. Depression and anxiety levels were determined with Bek’s and HADS scales.  Results. Treatment with amlodipin  and metoprolol can result in improvement, worsening or unchanging of PP.  In hypertensive patients with subclinical depression improving their PP resulted in autonomic reaction change: sympathetic activity increases and reaction on stress becomes more adequate. If subclinical depression occurred in hypertensive patients because of amlodipin and metoprolol therapy, sympathetic system stress-reaction decreased and parasympathetic influence increased. Conclusion. The study results show necessity of psychometric examination of hypertensive patients in order to reveal subclinical depression and anxiety

Short-course antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients treated for postoperative intra-abdominal infection: the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial

PURPOSE: Shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy (ABT) is a key measure in antimicrobial stewardship. The optimal duration of ABT for treatment of postoperative intra-abdominal infections (PIAI) in critically ill patients is unknown. METHODS: A multicentre prospective randomised trial conducted in 21 French intensive care units (ICU) between May 2011 and February 2015 compared the efficacy and safety of 8-day versus 15-day antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients with PIAI. Among 410 eligible patients (adequate source control and ABT on day 0), 249 patients were randomly assigned on day 8 to either stop ABT immediately (n = 126) or to continue ABT until day 15 (n = 123). The primary endpoint was the number of antibiotic-free days between randomisation (day 8) and day 28. Secondary outcomes were death, ICU and hospital length of stay, emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and reoperation rate, with 45-day follow-up. RESULTS: Patients treated for 8 days had a higher median number of antibiotic-free days than those treated for 15 days (15 [6-20] vs 12 [6-13] days, respectively; P < 0.0001) (Wilcoxon rank difference 4.99 days [95% CI 2.99-6.00; P < 0.0001). Equivalence was established in terms of 45-day mortality (rate difference 0.038, 95% CI - 0.013 to 0.061). Treatments did not differ in terms of ICU and hospital length of stay, emergence of MDR bacteria or reoperation rate, while subsequent drainages between day 8 and day 45 were observed following short-course ABT (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Short-course antibiotic therapy in critically ill ICU patients with PIAI reduces antibiotic exposure. Continuation of treatment until day 15 is not associated with any clinical benefit. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01311765

Structural and Lattice-Dynamical Properties of Tb2O3 under Compression: A Comparative Study with Rare Earth and Related Sesquioxides

[EN] We report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the high pressure structural and vibrational properties of terbium sesquioxide (Tb2O3). Powder X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements show that cubic Ia (3 ) over bar (C-type) Tb2O3 undergoes two phase transitions up to 25 GPa. We observe a first irreversible reconstructive transition to the monoclinic C2/m (B-type) phase at similar to 7 GPa and a subsequent reversible displacive transition from the monoclinic to the trigonal P (3) over bar m1 (A-type) phase at similar to I-2 GPa. Thus, Tb2O3 is found to follow the well- known C -> B -> A phase transition sequence found in other cubic rare earth sesquioxides with cations of larger atomic mass than Tb. Our ab initio theoretical calculations predict phase transition pressures and bulk moduli for the three phases in rather good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, Raman-active modes of the three phases have been monitored as a function of pressure, while lattice-dynamics calculations have allowed us to confirm the assignment of the experimental phonon modes in the C- and A-type phases as well as to make a tentative assignment of the symmetry of most vibrational modes in the B-type phase. Finally, we extract the bulk moduli and the Raman-active mode frequencies together with their pressure coefficients for the three phases of Tb2O3 . These results are thoroughly compared and discussed in relation to those reported for rare earth and other related sesquioxides as well as with new calculations for selected sesquioxides. It is concluded that the evolution of the volume and bulk modulus of all the three phases of these technologically relevant compounds exhibit a nearly linear trend with respect to the third power of the ionic radii of the cations and that the values of the bulk moduli for the three phases depend on the filling of the f orbitals.The authors are thankful for the financial support of Generalitat Valenciana under Project PROMETEO 2018/123-EFIMAT and of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Projects MAT2015-71035-R, MAT2016-75586-C4-2/3/4-P, and FIS2017-2017-83295-P as well as MALTA Consolider Team research network under project RED2018-102612-T. J.A.S. also acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal program for funding support through RYC-2015-17482. A.M. and P.R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and the MALTA Consolider Team cluster. HP-XRD experiments were performed at MPSD beamline of Alba Synchrotron (experiment no. 2016071772). We would like to thank Oriol Blázquez (Universitat de Barcelona) for his contribution to the Raman measurements.Ibañez, J.; Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.; Cuenca-Gotor, VP.; Oliva, R.; Gomis, O.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.... (2020). Structural and Lattice-Dynamical Properties of Tb2O3 under Compression: A Comparative Study with Rare Earth and Related Sesquioxides. Inorganic Chemistry. 59(14):9648-9666. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00834S964896665914Pan, T.-M., Chen, F.-H., & Jung, J.-S. (2010). Structural and electrical characteristics of high-k Tb2O3 and Tb2TiO5 charge trapping layers for nonvolatile memory applications. Journal of Applied Physics, 108(7), 074501. doi:10.1063/1.3490179Kao, C. H., Liu, K. C., Lee, M. H., Cheng, S. N., Huang, C. H., & Lin, W. K. (2012). High dielectric constant terbium oxide (Tb2O3) dielectric deposited on strained-Si:C. Thin Solid Films, 520(8), 3402-3405. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.10.173Gray, N. W., Prestgard, M. C., & Tiwari, A. (2014). 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Luminescent properties of Bi-doped polycrystalline KAlCl4

We observed an intensive near-infrared luminescence in Bi-doped KAlCl4 polycrystalline material. Luminescence dependence on the excitation wavelength and temperature of the sample was studied. Our experimental results allow asserting that the luminescence peaked near 1 um belongs solely to Bi+ ion which isomorphically substitutes potassium in the crystal. It was also demonstrated that Bi+ luminescence features strongly depend on the local ion surroundings

Modelos para sistematização nas terras baixas do Rio Grande do Sul.

Este documento é o resultado do esforço da Embrapa Clima Temperado em atualizar os conhecimentos com relação à aplicação da geotecnologia na sistematização das áreas de terras baixas dos Estados do Sul do País.ODS 6

Inferring the role of transcription factors in regulatory networks

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Expression profiles obtained from multiple perturbation experiments are increasingly used to reconstruct transcriptional regulatory networks, from well studied, simple organisms up to higher eukaryotes. Admittedly, a key ingredient in developing a reconstruction method is its ability to integrate heterogeneous sources of information, as well as to comply with practical observability issues: measurements can be scarce or noisy. In this work, we show how to combine a network of genetic regulations with a set of expression profiles, in order to infer the functional effect of the regulations, as inducer or repressor. Our approach is based on a consistency rule between a network and the signs of variation given by expression arrays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We evaluate our approach in several settings of increasing complexity. First, we generate artificial expression data on a transcriptional network of <it>E. coli </it>extracted from the literature (1529 nodes and 3802 edges), and we estimate that 30% of the regulations can be annotated with about 30 profiles. We additionally prove that at most 40.8% of the network can be inferred using our approach. Second, we use this network in order to validate the predictions obtained with a compendium of real expression profiles. We describe a filtering algorithm that generates particularly reliable predictions. Finally, we apply our inference approach to <it>S. cerevisiae </it>transcriptional network (2419 nodes and 4344 interactions), by combining ChIP-chip data and 15 expression profiles. We are able to detect and isolate inconsistencies between the expression profiles and a significant portion of the model (15% of all the interactions). In addition, we report predictions for 14.5% of all interactions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our approach does not require accurate expression levels nor times series. Nevertheless, we show on both data, real and artificial, that a relatively small number of perturbation experiments are enough to determine a significant portion of regulatory effects. This is a key practical asset compared to statistical methods for network reconstruction. We demonstrate that our approach is able to provide accurate predictions, even when the network is incomplete and the data is noisy.</p

Near infrared photoluminescence of the univalent bismuth impurity center in leucite and pollucite crystal hosts

The bismuth doped aluminosilicate phases leucite (KAlSi2O6), gallium leucite (KGaSi2O6) and pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) display broadband NIR photoluminescence. The active center, responsible for this luminescence, is the Bi+ monocation, which substitutes for the large alkali metal cations. The Al,Si-disorder in the aluminosilicate framework of studied crystal phases results in the heterogeneity of Bi+ luminescent center population, which manifests itself in the characteristic dependency of the luminescence spectrum shape on the excitation wavelength. The relation of NIR emission in Bi+-doped leucite and pollucite phases to the luminescent properties of bismuth-doped glasses is also discussed