Os dispositivos-ecrã no quotidiano dos jovens portugueses: a mediação-ecrã no uso social do tempo

Mestrado em Comunicação MultimédiaA utilização dos dispositivos-ecrã é marcada por diferentes funcionalidades e contextos no quotidiano da sociedade moderna. A presente dissertação aborda a perspetiva do uso destes aparelhos pelo público juvenil português e a questão do uso social do tempo, através de uma abordagem mista que inclui três dimensões complementares: uma revisão sistemática da literatura para conhecer melhor os conceitos trabalhados acerca do “ecrã-quotidiano” e o uso social do tempo; focus groups que visam uma reflexão aprofundada a partir da experiência e visão dos jovens sobre a problemática e inquérito por questionário a uma amostra mais alargada de jovens. Este trabalho empírico realizou-se ao longo do ano de 2016. Verificar-se-á, assim, através da revisão da literatura e da análise dos dados empíricos recolhidos, a pluralidade de usos dos objetos ecrã tecnológicos na sociedade pelo público juvenil português e as formas de sociabilidade nas questões de mediação homem-objeto.The use of screen devices is marked by different features and settings in daily life of modern society. This dissertation deals with the prospect of the use of these devices by the juvenile portuguese public and the question of social use of time. Through a mixed approach that includes three complementary dimensions: a systematic review of literature to understand better the concepts worked on the "screen-daily" and the social use of time, focus groups aimed at a thorough reflection from the experience and vision of young people about the problem and questionnaire survey on a larger sample of young people. This empirical work took place throughout the year 2016. Through the literature review process and the analysis of the collected empirical data, it was possible to verify the plurality of uses that Portuguese youth have for screen objects and the forms of sociability in the matters of man-object mediation

Lo spazio sociale europeo

For the last few years a group of European historians, under the direction of Professor Robert Frank of the Sorbonne University of Paris, has been conducting an extensive research aimed at identifying the characteristics of an European "space" in the context of the integration process. As part of the group's activities the conference, whose the proceedings are collected here, was held in October 2003 in Florence. The meeting had as its objective a reflection on the emergence and development of a "European social space" beginning from the origins of the integration process, in which historians, sociologists, political scientists and some lead actors of this important community dynamic had the opportunity to meet

Digital life: relations between young people and technologies

A adesão às tecnologias é cada vez mais perceptível no quotidiano. De acordo com o Global Report 2020, o índice de penetração da Internet já ultrapassa os 60% ao redor do globo, e as médias de consumo de Internet já excedem às 6 horas diárias (KEMP, 2020). Tal aumento do consumo digital afeta diretamente as diversas atividades que compõem o dia a dia, principalmente no que refere às camadas juvenis, que passam mais tempo em frente aos ecrãs (KEMP, 2020). A literatura disponibilizada sobre as faixas geracionais mais novas revela que o acesso às diferentes tecnologias de hiperconexão influenciam de forma permanente o desenvolvimento saudável, nomeadamente pelo facto de a exposição ser continua e multissensorial (BLUM-ROSS; LIVINGSTONE, 2018; BUCKINGHAM, 2015), além das questões sobre identidade e saúde mental (CAROLUS et al., 2018; MATIN et al., 2017; PAULUS et al., 2019). A partir do levantamento de pesquisas científicas recentes, caracterizou-se as relações dos jovens (dos 4-25 anos) e o uso prolixo das tecnologias. Através da Revisão Sistemática da Literatura foram pré-selecionados 188 artigos científicos através da Plataforma SCOPUS, no período temporal entre 2007 a 2020. Neste sentido, foram examinados os métodos aplicados, as variáveis do estudo, tipo de amostra, país do estudo e resultados obtidos. Tal análise destaca os contributos científicos partilhados nos últimos treze anos, fornecendo pistas sobre o que foi efetivamente estudado e quais os caminhos que seguem na temática das sociabilidades juvenis e uso das tecnologias.Adhesion to technologies is incredibly more noticeable in everyday life. According to the Global Report 2020, the Internet penetration rate already exceeds 60% around theworld, and the average Internet consumption already exceeds 6 hours per day (KEMP, 2020). This increase in digital consumption directly affects the diverse daily activities, especially when it comes to younger generations, that spend more time in front ofthe screens (KEMP, 2020). The literature that is available on the younger generational cohorts reveals that access to new hyperconnectivity technologies permanently influences healthy development, namely due to continuous and multisensorial exposure (BLUM-ROSS; LIVINGSTONE, 2018; BUCKINGHAM, 2015), as well as identity and mental health issues (CAROLUS et al., 2018; MATIN et al., 2017; PAULUS et al., 2019).Based on surveys on recent scientific research, it is intended to characterize relations of the youngsters (from 4 –25 years) and the long-winded use of technologies. Using a systematic literature review, 188 scientific articles were pre-selected through the SCOPUS platform, during the timeframe 2007 to 2020. In this sense, applied methods were examined:study variables, sample type, country of study, and results obtained. This analysis highlights the scientific contributions shared in the last thirteen years, providing evidences as to what was studied about youth sociabilities and technology use

Jovens nos ecrãs: a fronteira invisível no quotidiano

A mediação e presença significativa dos dispositivos-ecrã no quotidiano ganham atenção no que se refere ao uso social do tempo e à reconfiguração das atividades conforme a disponibilidade e acesso às tecnologias. Se questionarmos quanto tempo por dia um indivíduo passa em frente a diferentes ecrãs seremos conduzidos a refletir sobre a importância deste sistema de mediação na mudança de perceção e das relações. Neste contexto, o presente artigo propõe apresentar os resultados das sessões focus groups (grupos de discussão) realizadas com jovens do Ensino Básico e Secundário de escolas públicas portuguesas, no âmbito da dissertação “Os dispositivos-ecrã no quotidiano dos jovens portugueses: A mediação-ecrã no uso social do tempo”, realizada na Universidade de Aveiro. A aplicação da técnica focus groups com os estudantes dá um contributo significativo no que respeita à compreensão do fenómeno contemporâneo que se expressa na apropriação compulsiva destes dispositivos nas rotinas quotidianas, formando uma nova fronteira invisível que une os que estão distantes e, por vezes, separa os que estão próximos

Banking union in historical perspective: the initiative of the European Commission in the 1960s-1970s

This article shows that planning for the organization of EU banking regulation and supervision did not just appear on the agenda in recent years with discussions over the creation of the eurozone banking union. It unveils a hitherto neglected initiative of the European Commission in the 1960s and early 1970s. Drawing on extensive archival work, this article explains that this initiative, however, rested on a number of different assumptions, and emerged in a much different context. It first explains that the Commission's initial project was not crisis-driven; that it articulated the link between monetary integration and banking regulation; and finally that it did not set out to move the supervisory framework to the supranational level, unlike present-day developments

Reading with peripheral vision: A comparison of reading dynamic scrolling and static text with a simulated central scotoma

AbstractHorizontally scrolling text is, in theory, ideally suited to enhance viewing strategies recommended to improve reading performance under conditions of central vision loss such as macular disease, although it is largely unproven in this regard. This study investigated if the use of scrolling text produced an observable improvement in reading performed under conditions of eccentric viewing in an artificial scotoma paradigm. Participants (n=17) read scrolling and static text with a central artificial scotoma controlled by an eye-tracker. There was an improvement in measures of reading accuracy, and adherence to eccentric viewing strategies with scrolling, compared to static, text. These findings illustrate the potential benefits of scrolling text as a potential reading aid for those with central vision loss

Enlargement and the Historical Origins of the European Community's Democratic Identity, 1961–1978

This article examines how and when democracy entered the discursive politics of the European Community to become one of the fundamental tenets of European political identity – and in the process influenced how decision-makers approached the question of enlargement. Building on multiple archival sources, the article traces how all three Community institutions (Commission, Council and European Parliament) legitimised the expansion and continuation of the process of European integration through the discursive construction of democracy. It focuses on the debates elicited by the attempts of southern European countries to accede to the EEC in the 1960s and 1970s

Rethinking European integration history in light of capitalism: the case of the long 1970s

This introduction outlines the possibilities and perspectives of an intertwining between European integration history and the history of capitalism. Although debates on capitalism have been making a comeback since the 2008 crisis, to date the concept of capitalism remains almost completely avoided by historians of European integration. This introduction thus conceptualizes ‘capitalism’ as a useful analytical tool that should be used by historians of European integration and proposes three major approaches for them to do so: first, by bringing the question of social conflict, integral to the concept of capitalism, into European integration history; second, by better conceptualizing the link between European governance, Europeanization and the globalization of capitalism; and thirdly by investigating the economic, political and ideological models or doctrines that underlie European cooperation, integration, policies and institutions. Finally, the introduction addresses the question of the analytical benefits of an encounter between capitalism and European integration history, focusing on the case of the 1970s. This allows us to qualify the idea of a clear-cut rupture, and better highlight how the shift of these years resulted from a complex bargaining that took place in part at the European level

Euratom : une organisation qui échappe à Jean Monnet ?

I. Dans ses Mémoires, Jean Monnet ébauche les origines du projet d’Euratom. Il insiste sur le fait qu’au milieu des années 50 l’exploitation de l’énergie nucléaire s’était imposée d’elle-même à l’attention des grandes nations européennes. L’énergie nucléaire apparut comme un facteur important à la fois d’un point de vue stratégique et d’un point de vue économique. Sur la base de telles hypothèses Jean Monnet écrivit : « Aborder en ordre dispersé l’avenir atomique qui nous était promis, alors ..