The meaning of street art in the quest of democracy: Gezi Park protests and carnation revolution

Street art can often be a mirror of society. It is one of the most important tools to express the economic, political and social conditions of society. Many people’s ideas can merge and recombine on the city walls, and as a result, they can become more than they were as separate ideas. With this in mind, the basis of this research was the role of street art in protests and the relationship between street art and society. By examining the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon and the Gezi Park protest in Istanbul, we recognize the importance of street art in these changing times. While those two movements are separated by many years of time, they demonstrate that the overall feelings about protest have remained the same in many ways. One of those ways is their use of street art for political purposes. The results of the research conducted on this topic have been reflected in this thesis

Placental pathology regarding inflammation and a new classification of stillbirth

Background: The incidence of stillbirth has remained almost constant during the last 2-3 decades despite obvious improvements in obstetric care. To achieve a reduction of stillbirth, better understanding of the etiology is imperative. Relevant test protocols and audit work is reported to reduce the number of unexplained cases. Classification of death can help the audit group identifying relevant etiology and causes of fetal death. Since 1954 more than 35 classification systems for perinatal death have been published but there is still no international consensus. Few studies have investigated how causes of stillbirth differ over gestational ages, with varying and conflicting results. Infection is known as an important cause of stillbirth, particularly before gestational week (gw) 28. Various infections are thought to cause different forms of inflammation/infection in placenta. Bacterial infection is supposed to give a maternal inflammatory response in the placenta; histological chorioamnionitis (CAM) followed by a histological fetal response (FIR) including vasculitis (inflammation in vessels in the placenta and/or umbilical cord) and funisitis (inflammation in the Wharton's jelly), whereas a viral infection is supposed to cause chronic villitis. Histological CAM has shown to be clearly associated to stillbirth. Method: In paper I “the Stockholm classification of stillbirth” is presented and validated regarding inter observer variability. In paper II, a cohort of all 1089 singleton pregnancies in Stockholm during a 12 year period was compared regarding primary and primary + associated cause of death, according to the classification. The cases were divided in early preterm (gw 22+0 to 28+6) and moderately preterm (gw 29+0 to 36+6) plus, term (gw 37+0 to 40+6) and post-term (gw ≥ 41+0). Two case-control studies including singleton placentas from 126 term stillborn cases and 273 live born controls (paper III) as well as 112 early preterm (gw 22+0 to 32+6) stillborn cases and 166 gestational week matched references (paper IV) were compared with focus on CAM, FIR and chronic villitis. Results: We have developed a classification, exclusive for stillbirth, consisting of 17 groups of causes of death and allowing for one primary and several associated causes if needed. Most causes are graded in probability levels (definite, probable, or possible). The validated overall agreement regarding primary cause of death was substantial. When using the classification in the 12 year cohort of stillbirth, almost 90% of cases were ascribed a cause of death. Placental abruption and preeclampsia/hypertension were both more common as cause of death among preterm stillbirths compared to the term/post-term stillbirths, who showed a higher proportion of umbilical cord complications and infection. Infection was more common in post-terms compared to term stillbirths, and in extremely preterm compared to moderately premature stillbirths. In paper III we found CAM (especially severe), chronic villitis, villous immaturity, fetus who was small for gestational age (SGA) and maternal overweight, but not vasculitis or funisitis, to be independently associated with an elevated risk for stillbirth at term. In paper IV we found SGA and “CAM without FIR”, but not “CAM with FIR,” to be independently associated with a higher risk for stillbirth at early preterm gestation. Conclusion: The Stockholm classification of stillbirth, primarily meant to be used by audit groups, has showed a low percentage of unclassifiable cases and a low inter observer variability. Knowledge about how causes of stillbirth are distributed over gestational ages could be clinically important and useful in developing strategies for prevention. Results in the case-control studies indicate that the presence of CAM, especially severe, is a risk factor for fetal death in term pregnancies whereas FIR is not. In early preterm pregnancies the presence of CAM is not a risk factor for fetal death if FIR exists, but it is a threat to the fetus if FIR does not occur. Further research is needed to clarify if the development of FIR is actually protecting the fetus from death, a finding that of course could be of great importance for the understanding of the mechanisms of stillbirth

What Could Aid in Slowing Down Cognitive Function?

The objective of this research was to assess the relationship between cognitive function, physical activity level, nutritional and depression status in the elderly. Materials and Methods. A total of 200 individuals (≥ 65 years) were included in the study. General characteristics of the individuals, biochemical findings, nutritional habits, 24-hour physical activity level and food consumption records were assessed. Cognitive function and depression status were screened by the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF), respectively. Results. Thirty-eight (19%) of the 200 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. On the evaluation of all the individuals, moderate and statistically significant negative correlation (r=-0.558, p < 0.01) was found between the S-MMSE and GDS-SF values. In addition, a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation was found between the S-MMSE and physical activity level values (r=0.553, p < 0.01). Vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and zinc intakes were lower in women than in men (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that the vitamin B3 and calcium intakes were below the recommended daily intake in both the genders. Conclusions. Proper nutritional treatment and increasing the levels of physical activity may aid in slowing down the progression of dementia

Perfect is the enemy of test oracle

Automation of test oracles is one of the most challenging facets of software testing, but remains comparatively less addressed compared to automated test input generation. Test oracles rely on a ground-truth that can distinguish between the correct and buggy behavior to determine whether a test fails (detects a bug) or passes. What makes the oracle problem challenging and undecidable is the assumption that the ground-truth should know the exact expected, correct, or buggy behavior. However, we argue that one can still build an accurate oracle without knowing the exact correct or buggy behavior, but how these two might differ. This paper presents SEER, a learning-based approach that in the absence of test assertions or other types of oracle, can determine whether a unit test passes or fails on a given method under test (MUT). To build the ground-truth, SEER jointly embeds unit tests and the implementation of MUTs into a unified vector space, in such a way that the neural representation of tests are similar to that of MUTs they pass on them, but dissimilar to MUTs they fail on them. The classifier built on top of this vector representation serves as the oracle to generate "fail" labels, when test inputs detect a bug in MUT or "pass" labels, otherwise. Our extensive experiments on applying SEER to more than 5K unit tests from a diverse set of open-source Java projects show that the produced oracle is (1) effective in predicting the fail or pass labels, achieving an overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 measure of 93%, 86%, 94%, and 90%, (2) generalizable, predicting the labels for the unit test of projects that were not in training or validation set with negligible performance drop, and (3) efficient, detecting the existence of bugs in only 6.5 milliseconds on average.Comment: Published in ESEC/FSE 202

Persistent Homotopy

In this paper, we study some of the basic properties of persistent homotopy. We show that persistent fundamental group benefits from the Van Kampen theorem and the interleaving distance between total spaces is the maximum of the interleaving distances between subspaces. Moreover, we prove excision and Hurewicz theorems for persistent homotopy groups.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure

O perfil do estudante jovem e adulto do C.E.S. e N.A.E.S.

Orientadora : Gláucia da Silva BrittoMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná Setor de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Educação de Jovens e Adulto

A study into English language teaching in Turkey : assessing competencies in speaking and writing.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN041807 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

FROM SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL ERA TO THE EARLY REPUBLIC SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND IZMIR ECONOMIC CONGRESS

II. Meşrutiyet döneminde ticari ve siyasi hayata yansıyan liberal politikalar, gayrimüslimlerinve yabancıların etkinliklerini arttırırken Müslüman girişimciler üzerindeolumsuzlukların oluşmasına zemin hazırlamış ve Türk milliyetçiliğinin gelişmesinde etkiliolmuştur. İttihatçılar Anadolu ve Müslüman-Türk unsur merkezli bir siyasete yöneldiler veTürk milliyetçiliği, ekonomide liberalizm karşıtı bir hal aldı. Bu dönemde izlenen milli iktisatpolitikası ekonomide milli unsurları yani Müslüman-Türk unsuru egemen kılmaya yönelikgirişimleri içerir.Milli iktisat düşüncesi Cumhuriyetin kurulmasıyla beraber son bulmamış birsüreklilik içinde Cumhuriyetin erken dönemlerinde düzenlenmiş olan ekonomi kongresinedamgasını vurmuştur. İttihatçıların Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda yaratmak istedikleri ancakbaşarılı olamadıkları Milli İktisat perspektifinin İzmir İktisat kongresinde benimsendiği, iktisadive siyasi bağımsızlık perspektifinin kongreye damgasını vurduğu şeklindeki izlererastlanmaktadır.While liberal policies in the Second Constitutional era which reflected to the commercialand political life were increasing efficiencies of non-muslims and foreigners, it causednegations on Muslim entrepreneurs and was effective in developing Turkish nationalism.Unionists turned to Anatolia and Muslim-Turk based policy and Turkish nationalism became anti-liberalism in economy. The national economic policy which was followed in this period,includes national elements namely, attempts that make Muslim-Turk element dominant.National economic thought which did not last by the establishment of Republic,marked in the economy congress that were arranged in the early Republic eras. The NationalEconomic perspective that Unionists wanted to create but could not succeed in the OttomanEmpire, was adopted in the Izmir Economic Congress and signs that economical and politicalindependence perspective marked in the congress are found