The use of solar power systems in irrigation

Solarno navodnjavanje čini sustav povezanih cijevi pomoću kojih se navodnjava određeno područje, a crpka koja crpi vodu napaja se energijom koju proizvede fotonaponski modul. Glavne odlike solarnog navodnjavanja su jednostavnost sustava i ušteda vremena te ekološka prihvatljivost, a cijene izrade samog sustava relativno su prihvatljive. Rad opisuje osnovne principe rada sustava za navodnjavanje te nudi proračune zahtjeva za solarni sustav napajanja konkretnog voćnjaka. Glavne dijelove sustava navodnjavanja čine spremnik s vodom, crpke te cijevi, ventili i prskalice, dok se osnovni principi rada sustava navodnjavanja odnose na tlak, protok i snagu. Sustav solarnog napajanja još uključuje i fotonaponske module, regulator napajanja, baterije i pretvarač struje. Proračunato je da je na odabranom primjeru voćnjaka potrebno navodnjavati površinu od 2 200 m2 . Za to je potrebno osigurati crpku snage 375 W koja će savladati tlak od 1,978 bara i osigurati dnevni protok vode od 0,6 l/s. Osim toga, proračunati su i troškovi solarnog navodnjavanja koji iznose oko dvadeset tisuća kuna. Navedeni izračuni pokazuju da solarni sustav navodnjavanja zadržava svoje glavne odlike i kada se žele zadovoljiti zahtjevi navodnjavanja u uvjetima lokalnog podneblja.Solar irrigation system consists of a number of connected pipes used for irrigation of a certain land area, and a water pump which is powered by solar energy produced in photovoltaic panels. The system is characterized by a relatively simple construction that allows us to save time and the environment for a reasonable cost. The paper describes basic principles of irrigation system and calculations necessary for application of solar-powered irrigation system in a particular orchard. The main components of irrigation system include water tank and water pump, as well as pipes, valves and sprinklers, while the basic principles refer to pressure, flow and pump power. In case of solar-powered irrigation system there are also photovoltaic panels, voltage controller, battery and DC/AC inverter. In the particular orchard, it has been calculated that it is required to irrigate the area of 2 200 square meters. For that purpose, a water pump with the power of 375 W needs to be used in order to overcome the pressure of 1,978 bars making sure that the necessary amount of water is delivered through pipes at the rate of 0,6l/s. In addition, the costs of putting up solar irrigation system have been calculated and they amount approximately to 20 000 kn. Those calculations confirm that the benefits of solar irrigation system are evident when conditions for irrigation in local areas are taken into accoun

The impact of socio-therapeutic procedures to the satisfaction of the health care of patients with mental illness

Cilj: Ispitati utjecaj primjene socioterapijskih postupaka na zadovoljstvo zdravstvenom skrbi, provjeriti razlikuju li se ispitanici s obzirom na spol, bračno stanje, obrazovanje, radni status te medicinsku dijagnozu po samoprocjeni stupnja zadovoljstva zdravstvenom skrbi te procijeniti ulogu medicinske sestre u primjeni socioterapijskih postupaka u procesu liječenja oboljelih od psihičkih poremećaja. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 106 ispitanika koji su tijekom rujna, listopada i studenog 2015. bili hospitalizirani (cjelodnevno i parcijalno) na Klinici za psihijatriju KBC Osijek. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je anonimni anketni upitnik kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Primijenjena je deskriptivna statistička obrada. Rezultati: Pronađene su statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na spol u odgovoru na tvrdnje o suosjećanju s drugim članovima grupe (p=0.039), upoznavanju ljudi s jednakim problemima (p=0.016) te otkrivanjem kreativnosti (p=0,004). S obzirom na bračni status ispitanika pronađene su u tvrdnjama kako glazboterapija čini pacijenta uznemirenim (p=0,007) te mišljenju da se zdravstveno stanje ispitanika poboljšalo nakon grupne terapije (p=0,038). S obzirom na radni status ispitanika razlike su pronađene u mišljenju da bi medicinska sestra trebala biti više uključena u grupnu terapiju (p=0,036) te u razumijevanju svrhe radne i okupacijske terapije (p=0,005). Zaključak: Socioterapijski postupci pozitivno utječu na zadovoljstvo pacijenata zdravstvenom skrbi, a sudjelovanje u grupnoj terapiji, terapijskog zajednici, glazboterapiji, radnoj i okupacijskoj terapiji doprinosi poboljšanju zdravstvenog stanja oboljelih od psihičkih bolesti. Pronađene su neke statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na spol, bračno stanje i radni status po samoprocjeni stupnja zadovoljstva zdravstvenom, dok prema kriteriju medicinske dijagnoze i obrazovanja razlike nisu pronađene.The impact of socio-therapeutic procedures to the satisfaction with health care of psychiatric patients“ Aim: To examine the impact of application of socio-therapeutic procedures onto satisfaction with health care, to check the differentiation of respondents regarding their gender, marital status, education, employment status and medical diagnosis, with self –assessment of the level of satisfaction with health care and to evaluate the impact of nurses in implementation of socio-therapeutic procedures in treatment process of patients treated for mental disorders. Patients and Methods: The study included 106 subjects, who during September, October and November 2015 were hospitalized (full-time and partial) in the Department of Psychiatry of Osijek Clinical Hospital Center. The survey instrument used was an anonymous questionnaire created for this study. A descriptive statistic evaluation was applied. Results: We found statistically significant differences regarding gender in answers about compassion with other members of the group (p=0.039), about meeting people with similar or same problems (p=0.016) and discovering of creativity (p=0.004). Regarding marital status differences were found in statements that music therapy makes a patient anxious (p=0.007) and in the opinion that the health condition of patients improved after a group therapy (p=0.038). Regarding the employment status of patients differences were found in the opinions that nurses should be more involved in a group therapy (p=0.036) and differences appeared in the understanding of a purpose of work and occupational therapy (p=0.005). Conclussion: Socio-therapeutic procedures positively affect the satisfaction of patients with health care, whereas participation in a group therapy, therapeutic community, music therapy, labor and occupational therapy contributes to improvement of health status of patients with mental disorders. We found some statistically significant differences regarding gender, marital status and employment status after self assessment of satisfaction level with health care, while the criteria of medical diagnosis and education did not show any differences

Fixed-wing drones for communication networks

In the last decade, drones became frequently used to provide eye-in-the-sky overview in the outdoor environment. Their main advantage compared to the other types of robots is that they can fly above obstacles and rough terrains and they can quickly cover large areas. These properties also open a new application; drones could provide a multi-hop, line of sight communication for groups of ground users. The aim of this thesis is to develop a drone team that will establish wireless ad-hoc network between users on the ground and distributively adapt links and spatial arrangement to the requirements and motion of the ground users. For this application, we use fixed wing drones. Such platforms can be easily and quickly deployed. Fixed wing drones have higher forward speed and higher battery life than hovering platforms. On the other hand, fixed wing drones have unicycle dynamics with constrained forward speed which makes them unable to hover or perform sharp turns. The first challenge consists in bridging unicycle dynamics of the fixed wing drones. Some control strategies have been proposed and validated in simulations using the average distance between the target and the drone as a performance metric. However, besides the distance metric, energy expenditure of the flight also plays an important role in assessing the overall performance of the flight. We propose a new methodology that introduces a new metric (energy expenditure), we compare existing methods on a large set of target motion patterns and present a comparison between the simulation and field experiments on proposed target motion patterns. The second challenge consists in developing a formation control algorithm that will allow fixed wing robots to provide a wide area coverage and to relay data in a wireless ad-hoc network. In such applications fixed wing drones have to be able to regulate an inter-drone distance. Their reduced maneuverability presents the main challenge to design a formation algorithm that will regulate an inter-drone distance. To address this challenge, we present a distributed control strategy that relies only on local information. Each drone has its own virtual agent, it follows the virtual agent by performing previously evaluated and selected target tracking strategy, and flocking interaction rules are implemented between virtual agents. It is shown in simulation and in field experiments with a team of fixed wing drones that using this distributed formation algorithm, drones can cover an area by creating an equilateral triangular lattice and regulate communication link quality between neighboring drones. The third challenge consists in allowing connectivity between independently moving ground users using fixed wing drone team. We design two distributed control algorithms that change drones' spatial arrangement and interaction topology to maintain the connectivity. We propose a potential field based strategy which adapts distance between drones to shrink and expand the fixed wing drones' formation. In second approach, market-based adaptation, drones distributively delete interaction links to expand the formation graph to a tree graph. In simulations and field experiments we show that our proposed strategies successfully maintain independently moving ground users connected. Overall, this thesis presents synthesis of distributed algorithms for fixed wing drones to establish and maintain wireless ad-hoc communication networks

Reakcije prijenosa nukleona u sustavu 90Zr+208Pb

Multinucleon transfer reactions have been studied in the 90Zr+208Pb system close to the Coulomb barrier energy in the Prisma + Clara set-up. Light binary partners have been detected in the Prisma magnetic spectrometer, while the coincident γ rays have been detected in the Clara γ-array. Trajectory reconstruction in the spectrometer provides the identi_cation of the light fragments in their charge, mass and velocity. These allow, together with the coincidences with the Clara array, to attribute electromagnetic transitions and yields to each of the transfer channels. In the 90Zr+207Pb multinucleon transfer reactions, outgoing particles with the atomic number Z = 30 – 40 and mass number A = 60 – 94 were recognized. The level schemes of the presented isotopes have been constructed and updated based on systematics with neighbouring nuclei, and data from literature. In this thesis, we focused on γ spectra of Zr (together with their heavy partner, Pb), Y and Sr isotopic chains. The γ spectrum of each isotope is presented, together with recognized γ rays. Based on these observations, level schemes are constructed. In some cases, new γ rays were observed, and if possible, γ transitions were suggested. The Prisma + Clara spectrometers offer the possibility to measure yields of different transfer products, and to identify nuclei with good mass and charge resolution, even in this rather heavy ion collision. In addition, the semi-classical models which were thus far a good basis for the description of heavy ion collisions in somewhat lighter systems, can be tested for this heavy system. The evidence shows that the most important degrees of freedom are surface vibrations/rotations and single particles, and their coupling. It is through the excitation of these modes that energy and angular momentum are transferred from the relative motion to the mass and v charge rearrangement and intrinsic excitations of the partners of the collision. The experimental set-up used in the present measurement allowed us to investigate excited states, and to see if their underlying structure reflects the significance of the same degrees as in lighter nuclei. By the study of the Pb isotopes (the heavy binary partner of Zr), the effect of evaporation which strongly affects the primary yields has been discussed. The isotopes produced after the evaporation of one or two neutrons were recognized through their γ rays, while their relative strengths allowed to quantitatively estimate the effect of the evaporation for the first time in such a heavy system. In our experiment, we were searching for excitation of the 0+ states that were recognized as pairing vibration states, and that were strongly excited in the (t, p) reactions. At the level of the accumulated statistics, we could not undoubtedly confirm the excitation of those states. However, we observed that the important part of the yield is in the excitation of the states whose underlying structure could be connected with the pairing, especially the states of the phonon-fermion coupled nature. We discussed such coupling scheme in odd Zr and Sr isotopes, taking into account the similarities in excitation energies of the odd and even isotopes, as well as the decay patterns and the decay strengths of the involved states. The analysis showed evidences of the particle-vibration coupling. In some isotopes, our conclusions about the importance of the particle-vibration coupling were partially obscured by the fact that the structure of some states of interest display a rather mixed configurations

Višeperspektivna analiza uloge školskoga ravnatelja u (de)konstrukciji skrivenoga kurikula

A school leader takes an active and well-defined role in the process of co-constructing the school curriculum. Given that school life is not solely influenced by the official curriculum but the hidden curriculum as well, the question arises as to what role the school leader plays when it comes to hidden curriculum. The hidden curriculum is unwritten, more difficult to understand or notice, and has a significant impact on school life because it strongly influences the educational process and its participants.In this paper, a qualitative method was applied, and a basic qualitative interpretive research approach was chosen to conduct a multi-perspective analysis of the elements of three pedagogical research approaches to the hidden curriculum to determine the role of the school leader in the process of constructing the hidden curriculum. The analysis indicates that the school leader takes an affirmative role from the perspective of human science pedagogy, a subversive role from the standpoint of emancipatory pedagogy, and a role that can be characterised as dichotomous from the perspective of phenomenological pedagogy.The results point to the complexity of the school leader’s role when the hidden curriculum is concerned, depending on the leader’s point of view and their efforts to tackle the influences of the hidden curriculum in a constructive or deconstructive manner. The role that the leader decides to take on (consciously or unconsciously) will determine students’ educational experience, the relationships between the employees, as well as the leader’s own professional experience in the leading position.Ravnatelj je jedan od značajnih dionika sukonstrukcije školskoga kurikula i njegova je uloga pritom jasna i zakonom definirana, ali budući da na život škole utječe i skriveni kurikul, postavlja se pitanje o tome kakvu ulogu ravnatelj ima u odnosu na njega. Skriveni je kurikul nepisan, teže je razumljiv i vidljiv, a ima veliki utjecaj na život škole jer snažno utječe na odgojno-obrazovni proces i njegove sudionike. U radu je primijenjena kvalitativna metoda i odabran je pristup osnovnoga kvalitativnog interpretativnog istraživanja u kojem je provedena višeperspektivna analiza elemenata triju pedagogijskih istraživačkih pristupa skrivenome kurikulu kako bi se odredila uloga koju u procesu konstrukcije skrivenoga kurikula, ili pak njegove dekonstrukcije, zauzima ravnatelj škole. Rezultati analize ukazuju na to da ravnatelj preuzima afirmativnu ulogu iz perspektive duhovno-znanstvene pedagogije, subverzivnu ulogu iz perspektive emancipacijske pedagogije i ulogu koja se može okarakterizirati dihotomnom iz perspektive fenomenologijske pedagogije. Navedeno svjedoči o kompleksnosti uloge koju ravnatelj može imati u slučaju skrivenoga kurikula u školi, ovisno o gledištu koje zauzima, te o naporu koji ulože u (de)konstrukciju skrivenoga kurikula. Uloga za koju se ravnatelj odluči (svjesno ili nesvjesno), odredit će učeničko iskustvo obrazovanja, odnose između zaposlenika, ali i njegovo profesionalno iskustvo rada na poziciji ravnatelja škole

Bacillus isolates as potential biocontrol agents of Fusarium clove rot of garlic

Clove rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a very important disease of common garlic (Allium sativum L.) occuring in many areas of the world. However, there is a lack of data about biocontrol of these pathogens. Bacillus species are attractive for research due to their potential use in the biological control of fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to select effective biocontrol agents from a series of indigenous Bacillus spp. isolated from soil. Bacterial isolates positive for hydrolytic enzymes production were screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. isolated from infected garlic cloves. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were used for molecular identification of bacterial (16S rDNA gene) and fungal (EF-1 alpha gene) isolates, and detection of biosynthetic genes for antimicrobial lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, bacillomycin D and fengycin) in Bacillus spp. The obtained results confirmed the presence of Fusarium tricinctum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. proliferatum, F. acuminatum and F. verticillioides as the causal agents of garlic clove rot. Four bacterial isolates identified as Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest antagonistic effect during in vitro testing of antifungal activity (up to 71% reduction in fungal growth), and caused a significant suppression of garlic clove infection (up to 58% reduction in rot symptoms) in situ. Analysis of the antifungal compounds involved in the antagonistic activity of the examined isolates revealed their ability to produce the antibiotic lipopeptide surfactin. The most effective isolates of B. subtilis could be used as potential biocontrol agents of garlic clove rot

Morfološke i patogene odlike izolata Fusarium proliferatum prouzrokovača truleži belog luka (Allium sativum L.) - u Srbiji

During the past few years, symptoms of garlic clove rot have appeared in storage facilities at different localities in Serbia. Thirteen fungal isolates were isolated from samples of decayed garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.). Based on the colony and fungal morphology, isolated fungi were tentatively identified as F. proliferatum. Pathogenicity of 13 F. proliferatum strains were confirmed by inoculating garlic cloves of Allium sativum (spring cv. Labud, Sedef; winter cv. Bosut, Ranko) and Allium ampeloprasum (cv. Biser). Isolate JBL532 was classified as the most aggressive, while isolate B3 was the least pathogenic. To confirm morphological identification of 13 Fusarium isolates, amplification of TEF-1α gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primer pair: EF1 and EF2. All isolates were cryopreserved at -80°C and deposited in the NCBI GenBank.Tokom proteklih godina u skladištima na različitim lokalitetima u Srbiji pojavili su se simptomi truleži i popadanja belog luka (Allium sativum L.). Izolacijom je dobijeno 13 izolata gljiva roda Fusarium koji su na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika identifikovani kao F. proliferatum. Patogenost izolata je potvrđena inokulacijom različitih genotipova belog luka Allium sativum (prolećne sorte Labud, Sedef, jesenje sorte Bosut, Ranko) i Allium ampeloprasum (sorta Biser). Na osnovu ocene patogenosti, izolat JBL532 se izdvojio kao najagresivniji, dok se izolat B3 pokazao kao najmanje patogen. Morfološka identifikacija potvrđena je amplifikacijom TEF-1α gena, korišćenjem prajmera EF1 i EF2. Svi izolati se čuvaju na -80°C i deponovani su u NCBI bazu gde su im dodeljeni jedinstveni pristupni brojevi

Repurchase intentions in a retail store - exploring the impact of colours

The purpose of the paper is to explore the elements that influence customer loyalty in different dominant colour environments in a retail store that sells groceries. The paper explores the relationship between customer satisfaction, exploring the store environment, communications with sales personnel and repurchase intentions in different colour environments. Furthermore, it explores the gender impact on creating customer loyalty in warm, cool and neutral colour environments. Empirical research is conducted using three different colour environments in a retail store that sells groceries. Based on research findings, exploring store environment is found to be the most influential element that boosts repurchase intentions. Gender stimulated differences are also found. For women, in warm, cool and neutral colour environment the dominant influence on repurchase intentions is exploring the store environment. For men, in both warm and cool colour environment communication with sales personnel influences their repurchase intentions. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the influence of colours on repurchase intentions in the context of South-East European culture. Managerial implications are offered and suggestions for further research provided